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This book contains seven reviews and four research articles on the various modern approaches to the problem of quark confinement in quantum chromodynamics (QCD). These approaches include microscopic models of the Yang–Mills vacuum, which are based on the condensation of magnetic monopoles and center vortices, as well as the models of the confining quark-antiquark string. Possible applications of these models to the analysis of the novel superinsulating state, which emerges in such condensed-matter systems as Josephson junction arrays, are further discussed in one of the reviews. Two reviews from this collection discuss the approaches towards the analytic construction of effective confining theories, at the classical level and within the center-vortex model of the Yang–Mills vacuum. Other aspects of non-perturbative physics addressed by this collection include a possible connection between the localization of low-lying Dirac eigenmodes with the deconfinement and the chiral QCD phase transitions, as well as the role of topology in baryon-rich matter. Last but not least, a novel model of dark matter, based on ultralight axion particles, whose masses are arising due to distinct SU(2) Yang–Mills scales and the Planck mass, is suggested and developed in one of the contributed articles.

Research & information: general --- quantum chromodynamics --- confinement --- center vortex model --- vacuum structure --- cooling --- Lattice Gauge Theories --- Effective String Theories --- localization --- QCD --- lattice gauge theory --- finite temperature --- galaxy rotation curves --- low surface brightness --- dark matter --- dark energy --- ultralight axion particles --- cores --- halos --- mass-density --- profiles --- pure Yang–Mills theory --- monopoles --- topological interactions --- ensembles and effective fields --- topological solitons --- higher order theories --- gauge theory --- effective field theory --- magnetic flux symmetry --- chiral symmetry --- monopole --- lattice QCD --- spontaneous symmetry breaking --- Abelian projection --- magnetic catalysis --- magnetic disorder --- confinement models --- center vortices --- magnetic monopoles --- quark condensate --- topology --- lattice field theory --- dense matter --- phase transitions --- n/a --- pure Yang-Mills theory

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Following the fundamental insights from quantum mechanics and general relativity, geometry itself should have a quantum description; the search for a complete understanding of this description is what drives the field of quantum gravity. Group field theory is an ambitious framework in which theories of quantum geometry are formulated, incorporating successful ideas from the fields of matrix models, ten-sor models, spin foam models and loop quantum gravity, as well as from the broader areas of quantum field theory and mathematical physics. This special issue collects recent work in group field theory and these related approaches, as well as other neighbouring fields (e.g., cosmology, quantum information and quantum foundations, statistical physics) to the extent that these are directly relevant to quantum gravity research.

Research & information: general --- Mathematics & science --- quantum-gravity phenomenology --- hypersurface deformation algebra --- loop quantum gravity --- black holes --- no-boundary proposal --- loop quantum cosmology --- LQC instanton --- quantum gravity --- computer simulations --- numerical methods --- renormalization group --- discrete quantum gravity models --- nonperturbative renormalization group --- random geometry --- mimetic gravity --- limiting curvature --- bouncing cosmology --- effective field theory --- quantum geometry --- quantum cosmology --- group field theory --- cosmological perturbation theory --- Lewis-Riesenfeld invariant --- Bogoliubov transformation --- adiabatic vacua --- Spin networks --- vertex amplitudes --- quantum computing --- background independence --- generalised statistical equilibrium --- entropy --- holographic entanglement --- random tensor networks --- quantum many-body physics --- quantum-gravity phenomenology --- hypersurface deformation algebra --- loop quantum gravity --- black holes --- no-boundary proposal --- loop quantum cosmology --- LQC instanton --- quantum gravity --- computer simulations --- numerical methods --- renormalization group --- discrete quantum gravity models --- nonperturbative renormalization group --- random geometry --- mimetic gravity --- limiting curvature --- bouncing cosmology --- effective field theory --- quantum geometry --- quantum cosmology --- group field theory --- cosmological perturbation theory --- Lewis-Riesenfeld invariant --- Bogoliubov transformation --- adiabatic vacua --- Spin networks --- vertex amplitudes --- quantum computing --- background independence --- generalised statistical equilibrium --- entropy --- holographic entanglement --- random tensor networks --- quantum many-body physics

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The Special Issue contains theoretical and experimental works that report on studies of impurities in quantum gases, fundamental properties and universal aspects of quasiparticles and other related many-body phenomena. Particular focus is placed on the Fermi and Bose polarons. The Special Issue contains ten research articles and two reviews. M. G. Skou et al. report on the experimental observation of time dynamics of Bose polarons. Theoretical studies by H. Tajima et al., L. A. Ardila, and G. Panochko and V. Pastukhov touch upon the physics of multiple impurities, in particular, the induced impurity–impurity interactions in different spatial dimensions and the formation of multi-polaron states. G. M. Koutentakis et al. elaborate on the phenomenon of temporal orthogonality catastrophe in low dimensions. Polaritons in an electron gas are discussed by M. A. Bastarrachea-Magnani et al. M. Brooks et al. describe the emergence of anyons originating from angulons. F. Scazza et al. provide an overview of our current understanding of repulsive Bose and Fermi polarons. C. D’Errico and M. G. Tarallo explicate the effects of disorder in bosonic systems. The Special Issue also includes studies of correlated atom pairs in bosonic mixtures by O. Alon, the behavior of the three-body decay rate coefficients into shallow dimers in mass-imbalanced three-atom systems by P. Giannakeas and C. H. Greene, population and angular momentum transfer in Raman-coupled Bose–Einstein condensates by K. Mukherjee et al.

Research & information: general --- Physics --- Bose–Einstein condensate --- Laguerre–Gaussian --- Raman transition --- cold atoms --- light–matter interaction --- particle transfer --- density pattern --- polaron --- impurity --- spectroscopy of quasiparticles --- interpolaron correlations --- quantum depletion --- ultracold atoms --- Fermi degenerate gases --- Bose–Einstein condensates --- impurity dynamics --- ramsey interferometry --- polarons --- polariton --- Fermi polaron --- Landau theory --- quasiparticle interactions --- mixtures --- identical-boson pairs --- distinguishable-boson pairs --- natural geminals --- natural orbitals --- reduced density matrices --- intra-species reduced density matrices --- inter-species reduced density matrices --- fragmentation --- condensation --- infinite-particle-number limit --- harmonic-interaction models --- pair fragmentation --- Schmidt decomposition --- center-of-mass --- relative center-of-mass --- anyons --- quasiparticles --- Quantum Hall Effect --- topological states of matter --- few-body collisions --- Efimov effect --- mass-imbalanced systems --- recombination --- cold gases in optical lattices --- quantum phase transitions --- disordered systems --- Bose polaron --- pattern formation --- temporal orthogonality catastrophe --- Lee-Low-Pines transformation --- mobile and immobile impurities --- Bose polaron and bipolaron --- effective field theory approach --- induced interaction --- polaron–polaron interaction --- gas of impurities --- quantum–Monte Carlo --- Fermi polarons --- Bose polarons --- repulsive interactions --- metastable quasiparticles --- quasiparticle lifetime --- mediated interactions --- repulsive Fermi gas --- ultracold atomic mixtures