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ecology --- ecology --- Higher education --- Higher education --- Universities --- Universities --- biology --- biology --- Sustainable development --- Sustainable development --- management. --- management --- Educational reforms --- Educational reforms --- Interdisciplinary research --- Interdisciplinary research --- curriculum --- curriculum --- Teaching methods --- Teaching methods --- France --- France
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Comparative education --- Comparative education. --- Arts and Humanities --- Education & Careers --- comparative education --- educational systems --- educational reforms --- globalisation --- international education --- Education, Comparative --- Education --- Educational sciences --- Educació comparada --- Ciències de l'educació --- Educació --- Mestres --- Història --- Formació
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Education --- educational policy --- educational management --- right to education --- educational reforms --- education and citizenship --- curriculum policies --- Education. --- Children --- Education of children --- Education, Primitive --- Human resource development --- Instruction --- Pedagogy --- Schooling --- Students --- Youth --- Civilization --- Learning and scholarship --- Mental discipline --- Schools --- Teaching --- Training
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This open access handbook brings together the latest research from a wide range of internationally influential scholars to analyze educational policy research from international, historical and interdisciplinary perspectives. By effectively breaking through the boundaries between countries and disciplines, it presents new theories, techniques and methods for contemporary education policy, and illustrates the educational policies and educational reform practices that various countries have introduced to meet the challenges of continuous change. Based on an analysis of the nature of education policy and education reform, this volume focuses on education reform and the concept of education quality. Adopting a historical and comparative perspective, it examines the dialectical relationship between education policy and education reform in various countries, assesses theoretical and practical issues in the process of moving from regulation to multiple governance in contemporary education administration, and explores the impact of globalization on national education reform and the interdependence between countries. In addition, it presents studies addressing educational policy research methodology from multiple perspectives. Highlighting the changes in national education macro policies, this volume comprehensively reveals the complex relationship between contemporary education reform and social change, and explores the links between contemporary social, political and economic systems and educational policy research and practice, offering a holistic portrait of macro trends in contemporary education reform.
Educational policy. --- Education and state. --- International education . --- Comparative education. --- Educational Policy and Politics. --- International and Comparative Education. --- Education, Comparative --- Education --- Global education --- Intellectual cooperation --- Internationalism --- Education policy --- Educational policy --- State and education --- Social policy --- Endowment of research --- History --- Government policy --- Educational Policy and Politics --- International and Comparative Education --- Policy studies --- Educational reforms --- Educational research --- Educational knowledge --- Educational change --- The politics of education --- Contextual factors --- Policy analyses --- Policy process --- Public policy --- Open Access --- Educational strategies & policy
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July 2000 - The best way to increase school enrollment in Mexico is to successfully target public spending on education to poor households. Currently, nonpoor households in urban areas get much of the subsidy benefit from the government provision of education services. Standard benefit-incidence analysis assumes that the subsidy and quality of education services are the same for all income deciles. This strong assumption tends to minimize the distributional inequity at various education levels. Using a new approach emphasizing marginal willingness to pay for education, Lopez-Acevedo and Salinas analyze the impact of public spending on the education spending behavior of the average household. They address several questions: What would an average household with a given set of characteristics be willing to spend on an individual child with given traits if subsidized public education facilities were unavailable? What would the household have saved by sending the child to public school rather than private school? How great are these savings for various income groups? What are the determinants of enrollment by income group and by location? How do individuals' education expenditures affect enrollment patterns? Among their findings: The nonpoor households in urban areas get much of the subsidy, or savings, from government provision of education services; The wealthy value private education more than the poor do; Differences in school quality are greater at the primary level. In other words, wealthy households get the lion's share of benefits from public spending on education. Household school enrollment and transition to the next level of schooling depend heavily on the cost of schooling, how far the head of the household went in school, the per capita household income, and the housing facilities or services. But the government's effort also affects the probability of enrollment and transition. The probability of enrollment is much higher for the 40 percent of higher-income households in urban areas than it is for the 40 percent of lower-income households in rural areas. The best way to increase school enrollment is to successfully target public spending on education to poor households. This paper-a product of the Economic Policy Sector Unit and the Mexico Country Office, Latin America and the Caribbean Region-is part of a strategy to reduce poverty and inequality in Mexico. The study was part of the research project Earnings Inequality after Mexico's Economic Reforms. The authors may be contacted at gacevedo@worldbank.org or asalinas@worldbank.org.
Education --- Education Facilities --- Education for All --- Educational Expenditure --- Educational Expenditures --- Educational Levels --- Educational Policy --- Educational Reforms --- Educational Services --- Effective Schools and Teachers --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Financial Literacy --- Gender --- Gender and Education --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Population Policies --- Poverty Reduction --- Primary Education --- Primary Level --- Private Schools --- Public Schools --- Public Sector Management and Reform --- Rural Development --- Rural Poverty Reduction --- School --- School Attendance --- School Enrollment --- School Fees --- School Level --- School Quality --- Schooling --- Secondary Education --- Secondary School --- Tertiary Education --- Textbooks
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A vivid look at how India has developed the idea of entrepreneurial citizens as leaders mobilizing society and how people try to live that promiseCan entrepreneurs develop a nation, serve the poor, and pursue creative freedom, all while generating economic value? In Chasing Innovation, Lilly Irani shows the contradictions that arise as designers, engineers, and businesspeople frame development and governance as opportunities to innovate. Irani documents the rise of "entrepreneurial citizenship" in India over the past seventy years, demonstrating how a global ethos of development through design has come to shape state policy, economic investment, and the middle class in one of the world's fastest-growing nations.Drawing on her own professional experience as a Silicon Valley designer and nearly a decade of fieldwork following a Delhi design studio, Irani vividly chronicles the practices and mindsets that hold up professional design as the answer to the challenges of a country of more than one billion people, most of whom are poor. While discussions of entrepreneurial citizenship promise that Indian children can grow up to lead a nation aspiring to uplift the poor, in reality, social, economic, and political structures constrain whose enterprise, which hopes, and which needs can be seen as worthy of investment. In the process, Irani warns, powerful investors, philanthropies, and companies exploit citizens' social relations, empathy, and political hope in the quest to generate economic value. Irani argues that the move to recast social change as innovation, with innovators as heroes, frames others-craftspeople, workers, and activists-as of lower value, or even dangers to entrepreneurial forms of development.With meticulous historical context and compelling stories, Chasing Innovation lays bare how long-standing power hierarchies such as class, caste, language, and colonialism continue to shape opportunity in a world where good ideas supposedly rule all.
Entrepreneurship --- Economic development --- Businesspeople --- Since 1991 --- India --- Economic conditions --- Economic policy --- Design in Education. --- India. --- Indian Institutes of Technology. --- Indian elites. --- authenticity. --- bias to action. --- capitalism. --- capitalist production. --- civic action. --- civil society. --- colonialism. --- democratic processes. --- design studio. --- designers. --- development projects. --- development. --- economic governance. --- economic productivity. --- economic value. --- educational reforms. --- empathy. --- enterprise. --- enterprising people. --- entrepreneur. --- entrepreneurial actors. --- entrepreneurial citizens. --- entrepreneurial citizenship. --- entrepreneurial time. --- entrepreneurial urgency. --- entrepreneurialism. --- entrepreneurs. --- entrepreneurship. --- experiment. --- experiments. --- exploitation. --- global capital. --- global corporations. --- human-centered design. --- informal economy. --- innovation. --- innovators. --- intellectual property. --- labor. --- liberalized development. --- middle-class Indians. --- national development. --- opportunity. --- oppression. --- political economy. --- poorer Indians. --- power hierarchy. --- professional design. --- programming. --- social enterprise projects. --- social hierarchy. --- social orders. --- social relationships. --- value.
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