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Encephalocele --- Ectoderm --- Ethmoid Bone --- Frontal Bone --- embryology --- ultrastructure --- abnormalities --- abnormalities

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Viruses exhibit an elegant simplicity as they are so basic, but so frightening. Although only a few are life threatening, they have substantial implications for human health and the economy, as exemplified by the ongoing coronavirus pandemic. Viruses are rather small infectious agents found in all types of life forms, from animals and plants to prokaryotes and archaebacteria. They are obligate intracellular parasites, and as such, subvert many molecular and cellular processes of the host cell to ensure their own replication, amplification, and subsequent spread. This Special Issue addresses the cell biology of viral infections based on a collection of original research articles, communications, opinions, and reviews on various aspects of virus–host cell interactions. Together, these articles not only provide a glance into the latest research on the cell biology of viral infections but also include novel technological developments.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- ectoderm --- mesoderm --- human development --- embryogenesis --- interferon response --- interferon-induced genes --- self-organizing map (SOM) data portrayal --- epigenetic signature --- embryoid body --- TGF-β and Wnt/β-catenin pathway --- interferon --- tumor necrosis factor --- STAT --- interferon regulatory factor --- antiviral --- autoimmunity --- inflammation --- hepatitis C virus --- HCV --- erlin-1 --- erlin-2 --- host factor --- endoplasmic reticulum --- RNA replication --- protein production --- virus production --- lipid droplet --- TAP-GFP --- fluorescent TAP platform --- antigen presentation --- MHC I --- immune evasion --- BoHV-1 UL49.5 --- virus --- calcium channels --- calcium pumps --- virus–host interaction --- Ebola virus --- filovirus --- inclusion bodies --- NXF1 --- liquid organelles --- mRNA export --- cancer immunotherapy --- oncolytic virus --- herpes simplex virus --- immune checkpoint inhibitor --- angiogenesis inhibitor --- rabies --- uDISCO --- 3D imaging --- rabies pathogenicity --- astrocyte infection --- metabolism --- apoptosis --- autophagy --- HIV-1 spread --- cell-free infection --- cell–cell transmission --- 3D cultures --- mathematical modeling --- environmental restriction --- CAD --- pyrimidine synthesis --- HEV --- particle production --- viral replication --- virus entry --- hantavirus --- Tula virus --- replication --- factory --- RNA synthesis --- Golgi --- stress granules --- actin cytoskeleton --- nucleocapsid transport --- Arp2/3 complex --- ERAP2 --- ERAP2/Iso3 --- microbial infections --- alternative splicing --- SARS-CoV-2 --- host cell response --- coronavirus --- MERS-CoV --- SARS-CoV --- sialic acid --- Siglec --- antiviral peptide --- enveloped viruses --- membrane phosphatidylserine --- envelope disruption --- membrane damage --- antiviral autophagy --- galectin --- bacterial invasion --- adenovirus --- lysophagy --- ESCRT machinery --- cedar virus --- henipavirus --- fusion protein --- endocytosis --- biological activity --- feline coronavirus --- feline enteric coronavirus --- FECV --- feline infectious peritonitis virus --- FIPV --- feline intestinal organoids --- alphaviruses --- cell death --- mosquito --- tolerance --- ectoderm --- mesoderm --- human development --- embryogenesis --- interferon response --- interferon-induced genes --- self-organizing map (SOM) data portrayal --- epigenetic signature --- embryoid body --- TGF-β and Wnt/β-catenin pathway --- interferon --- tumor necrosis factor --- STAT --- interferon regulatory factor --- antiviral --- autoimmunity --- inflammation --- hepatitis C virus --- HCV --- erlin-1 --- erlin-2 --- host factor --- endoplasmic reticulum --- RNA replication --- protein production --- virus production --- lipid droplet --- TAP-GFP --- fluorescent TAP platform --- antigen presentation --- MHC I --- immune evasion --- BoHV-1 UL49.5 --- virus --- calcium channels --- calcium pumps --- virus–host interaction --- Ebola virus --- filovirus --- inclusion bodies --- NXF1 --- liquid organelles --- mRNA export --- cancer immunotherapy --- oncolytic virus --- herpes simplex virus --- immune checkpoint inhibitor --- angiogenesis inhibitor --- rabies --- uDISCO --- 3D imaging --- rabies pathogenicity --- astrocyte infection --- metabolism --- apoptosis --- autophagy --- HIV-1 spread --- cell-free infection --- cell–cell transmission --- 3D cultures --- mathematical modeling --- environmental restriction --- CAD --- pyrimidine synthesis --- HEV --- particle production --- viral replication --- virus entry --- hantavirus --- Tula virus --- replication --- factory --- RNA synthesis --- Golgi --- stress granules --- actin cytoskeleton --- nucleocapsid transport --- Arp2/3 complex --- ERAP2 --- ERAP2/Iso3 --- microbial infections --- alternative splicing --- SARS-CoV-2 --- host cell response --- coronavirus --- MERS-CoV --- SARS-CoV --- sialic acid --- Siglec --- antiviral peptide --- enveloped viruses --- membrane phosphatidylserine --- envelope disruption --- membrane damage --- antiviral autophagy --- galectin --- bacterial invasion --- adenovirus --- lysophagy --- ESCRT machinery --- cedar virus --- henipavirus --- fusion protein --- endocytosis --- biological activity --- feline coronavirus --- feline enteric coronavirus --- FECV --- feline infectious peritonitis virus --- FIPV --- feline intestinal organoids --- alphaviruses --- cell death --- mosquito --- tolerance

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The arterial pole is one of the most complex parts of the heart both in development and disease. It involves the collaboration and orchestration of contributions from the first and second heart fields as well as the neural crest. The precursor cells differentiate into endocardial cushions and putative cardiac valves, the myocardium, and epicardium of the heart, but also into the different layers of the main arterial vessels. These include not only the aorta and the pulmonary trunk but also the pulmonary and coronary arteries, and during development, the arterial duct. Many transcriptional and signaling networks act in timely concert to acquire the proper asymmetric development and function and pressure and flow dynamics. This is not only a human or even mammalian ‘enterprise,’ but is also taking place in so-called ancestral forms from fish to reptiles, including birds. In humans, it is small wonder that many clinical syndromes may arise when something in this complexity is amiss. This Special Issue of JCDD contains contributions focussed on the heart fields, congenital cardiac malformations and associated syndromes, with special emphasis on the cardiac outflow tract. The Issue is devoted to Prof. Dr. Adriana Gittenberger-de Groot, who dedicated her extensive career to research on cardiovascular development.

Public health & preventive medicine --- transforming growth factor beta-3 --- cardiac development --- loeys dietz syndrome-5 --- arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia --- rienhoff syndrome --- cleft palate --- congenital heart disease --- outflow tract septation --- signaling networks --- transcription factor AP-2α --- cardiovascular development --- outflow tract --- pharyngeal arch artery --- neural crest cell --- pharyngeal ectoderm --- Tetralogy of Fallot --- monozygotic twins --- discordant phenotype --- genetics --- variations --- epigenetics --- DNA methylation --- candidate genes --- acute aortic syndrome --- cardiovascular disease --- aorta --- aortic valve replacement --- surgical --- aortic surgery --- bicuspid aortic valve --- Bentall --- Kommerell’s diverticulum --- right sided aortic arch --- anomalous left subclavian artery --- arteria lusoria --- tracheal compression --- esophageal compression --- transposition great arteries coronary anatomy --- Rac1 --- proliferation --- cell polarity --- congenital heart defects --- compact myocardium --- trabeculation --- aortic stenosis --- asymptomatic --- early surgery --- watchful waiting --- cardiac progenitor cells --- second heart field --- neural crest --- endocardium --- cushion --- valve --- ductus arteriosus --- neointima --- tunica media --- transcriptome --- lineage tracing --- developmental biology --- cell identity --- atrioventricular valve --- epicardium --- lateral cushion --- major cushion --- myxomatous degeneration --- homograft --- semilunar valves --- aortic regurgitation --- superimposed tissue --- original leaflet --- myofibroblasts --- free edge folding --- remodeling --- dissection of ductus arteriosus --- sudden unexpected intrauterine death --- single coronary artery --- Leiden Convention coronary coding system --- Lipton classification --- coronary artery anatomy --- transposition of the great arteries --- arterial switch operation --- coronary artery --- coronary complications --- imaging --- fetal aortic stenosis --- prenatal ultrasound --- postmortem histology --- speckle tracking analysis --- endocardial fibro-elastosis --- endocardial cushions --- cartilage --- foramen of Panizza --- left aorta --- right aorta --- pulmonary trunk --- pharyngeal arch arteries --- coronary arteries --- cardiac fields --- cardiomyocyte --- progenitor specification --- heart tube --- aortic wall --- cardiovascular pathogenesis --- arterial duct

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The arterial pole is one of the most complex parts of the heart both in development and disease. It involves the collaboration and orchestration of contributions from the first and second heart fields as well as the neural crest. The precursor cells differentiate into endocardial cushions and putative cardiac valves, the myocardium, and epicardium of the heart, but also into the different layers of the main arterial vessels. These include not only the aorta and the pulmonary trunk but also the pulmonary and coronary arteries, and during development, the arterial duct. Many transcriptional and signaling networks act in timely concert to acquire the proper asymmetric development and function and pressure and flow dynamics. This is not only a human or even mammalian ‘enterprise,’ but is also taking place in so-called ancestral forms from fish to reptiles, including birds. In humans, it is small wonder that many clinical syndromes may arise when something in this complexity is amiss. This Special Issue of JCDD contains contributions focussed on the heart fields, congenital cardiac malformations and associated syndromes, with special emphasis on the cardiac outflow tract. The Issue is devoted to Prof. Dr. Adriana Gittenberger-de Groot, who dedicated her extensive career to research on cardiovascular development.

transforming growth factor beta-3 --- cardiac development --- loeys dietz syndrome-5 --- arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia --- rienhoff syndrome --- cleft palate --- congenital heart disease --- outflow tract septation --- signaling networks --- transcription factor AP-2α --- cardiovascular development --- outflow tract --- pharyngeal arch artery --- neural crest cell --- pharyngeal ectoderm --- Tetralogy of Fallot --- monozygotic twins --- discordant phenotype --- genetics --- variations --- epigenetics --- DNA methylation --- candidate genes --- acute aortic syndrome --- cardiovascular disease --- aorta --- aortic valve replacement --- surgical --- aortic surgery --- bicuspid aortic valve --- Bentall --- Kommerell’s diverticulum --- right sided aortic arch --- anomalous left subclavian artery --- arteria lusoria --- tracheal compression --- esophageal compression --- transposition great arteries coronary anatomy --- Rac1 --- proliferation --- cell polarity --- congenital heart defects --- compact myocardium --- trabeculation --- aortic stenosis --- asymptomatic --- early surgery --- watchful waiting --- cardiac progenitor cells --- second heart field --- neural crest --- endocardium --- cushion --- valve --- ductus arteriosus --- neointima --- tunica media --- transcriptome --- lineage tracing --- developmental biology --- cell identity --- atrioventricular valve --- epicardium --- lateral cushion --- major cushion --- myxomatous degeneration --- homograft --- semilunar valves --- aortic regurgitation --- superimposed tissue --- original leaflet --- myofibroblasts --- free edge folding --- remodeling --- dissection of ductus arteriosus --- sudden unexpected intrauterine death --- single coronary artery --- Leiden Convention coronary coding system --- Lipton classification --- coronary artery anatomy --- transposition of the great arteries --- arterial switch operation --- coronary artery --- coronary complications --- imaging --- fetal aortic stenosis --- prenatal ultrasound --- postmortem histology --- speckle tracking analysis --- endocardial fibro-elastosis --- endocardial cushions --- cartilage --- foramen of Panizza --- left aorta --- right aorta --- pulmonary trunk --- pharyngeal arch arteries --- coronary arteries --- cardiac fields --- cardiomyocyte --- progenitor specification --- heart tube --- aortic wall --- cardiovascular pathogenesis --- arterial duct

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• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The arterial pole is one of the most complex parts of the heart both in development and disease. It involves the collaboration and orchestration of contributions from the first and second heart fields as well as the neural crest. The precursor cells differentiate into endocardial cushions and putative cardiac valves, the myocardium, and epicardium of the heart, but also into the different layers of the main arterial vessels. These include not only the aorta and the pulmonary trunk but also the pulmonary and coronary arteries, and during development, the arterial duct. Many transcriptional and signaling networks act in timely concert to acquire the proper asymmetric development and function and pressure and flow dynamics. This is not only a human or even mammalian ‘enterprise,’ but is also taking place in so-called ancestral forms from fish to reptiles, including birds. In humans, it is small wonder that many clinical syndromes may arise when something in this complexity is amiss. This Special Issue of JCDD contains contributions focussed on the heart fields, congenital cardiac malformations and associated syndromes, with special emphasis on the cardiac outflow tract. The Issue is devoted to Prof. Dr. Adriana Gittenberger-de Groot, who dedicated her extensive career to research on cardiovascular development.

Public health & preventive medicine --- transforming growth factor beta-3 --- cardiac development --- loeys dietz syndrome-5 --- arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia --- rienhoff syndrome --- cleft palate --- congenital heart disease --- outflow tract septation --- signaling networks --- transcription factor AP-2α --- cardiovascular development --- outflow tract --- pharyngeal arch artery --- neural crest cell --- pharyngeal ectoderm --- Tetralogy of Fallot --- monozygotic twins --- discordant phenotype --- genetics --- variations --- epigenetics --- DNA methylation --- candidate genes --- acute aortic syndrome --- cardiovascular disease --- aorta --- aortic valve replacement --- surgical --- aortic surgery --- bicuspid aortic valve --- Bentall --- Kommerell’s diverticulum --- right sided aortic arch --- anomalous left subclavian artery --- arteria lusoria --- tracheal compression --- esophageal compression --- transposition great arteries coronary anatomy --- Rac1 --- proliferation --- cell polarity --- congenital heart defects --- compact myocardium --- trabeculation --- aortic stenosis --- asymptomatic --- early surgery --- watchful waiting --- cardiac progenitor cells --- second heart field --- neural crest --- endocardium --- cushion --- valve --- ductus arteriosus --- neointima --- tunica media --- transcriptome --- lineage tracing --- developmental biology --- cell identity --- atrioventricular valve --- epicardium --- lateral cushion --- major cushion --- myxomatous degeneration --- homograft --- semilunar valves --- aortic regurgitation --- superimposed tissue --- original leaflet --- myofibroblasts --- free edge folding --- remodeling --- dissection of ductus arteriosus --- sudden unexpected intrauterine death --- single coronary artery --- Leiden Convention coronary coding system --- Lipton classification --- coronary artery anatomy --- transposition of the great arteries --- arterial switch operation --- coronary artery --- coronary complications --- imaging --- fetal aortic stenosis --- prenatal ultrasound --- postmortem histology --- speckle tracking analysis --- endocardial fibro-elastosis --- endocardial cushions --- cartilage --- foramen of Panizza --- left aorta --- right aorta --- pulmonary trunk --- pharyngeal arch arteries --- coronary arteries --- cardiac fields --- cardiomyocyte --- progenitor specification --- heart tube --- aortic wall --- cardiovascular pathogenesis --- arterial duct --- transforming growth factor beta-3 --- cardiac development --- loeys dietz syndrome-5 --- arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia --- rienhoff syndrome --- cleft palate --- congenital heart disease --- outflow tract septation --- signaling networks --- transcription factor AP-2α --- cardiovascular development --- outflow tract --- pharyngeal arch artery --- neural crest cell --- pharyngeal ectoderm --- Tetralogy of Fallot --- monozygotic twins --- discordant phenotype --- genetics --- variations --- epigenetics --- DNA methylation --- candidate genes --- acute aortic syndrome --- cardiovascular disease --- aorta --- aortic valve replacement --- surgical --- aortic surgery --- bicuspid aortic valve --- Bentall --- Kommerell’s diverticulum --- right sided aortic arch --- anomalous left subclavian artery --- arteria lusoria --- tracheal compression --- esophageal compression --- transposition great arteries coronary anatomy --- Rac1 --- proliferation --- cell polarity --- congenital heart defects --- compact myocardium --- trabeculation --- aortic stenosis --- asymptomatic --- early surgery --- watchful waiting --- cardiac progenitor cells --- second heart field --- neural crest --- endocardium --- cushion --- valve --- ductus arteriosus --- neointima --- tunica media --- transcriptome --- lineage tracing --- developmental biology --- cell identity --- atrioventricular valve --- epicardium --- lateral cushion --- major cushion --- myxomatous degeneration --- homograft --- semilunar valves --- aortic regurgitation --- superimposed tissue --- original leaflet --- myofibroblasts --- free edge folding --- remodeling --- dissection of ductus arteriosus --- sudden unexpected intrauterine death --- single coronary artery --- Leiden Convention coronary coding system --- Lipton classification --- coronary artery anatomy --- transposition of the great arteries --- arterial switch operation --- coronary artery --- coronary complications --- imaging --- fetal aortic stenosis --- prenatal ultrasound --- postmortem histology --- speckle tracking analysis --- endocardial fibro-elastosis --- endocardial cushions --- cartilage --- foramen of Panizza --- left aorta --- right aorta --- pulmonary trunk --- pharyngeal arch arteries --- coronary arteries --- cardiac fields --- cardiomyocyte --- progenitor specification --- heart tube --- aortic wall --- cardiovascular pathogenesis --- arterial duct