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Intensive agriculture has generally resulted in higher productivity, but also in a trend towards decreasing levels of agro-biodiversity, which represents a key point in ensuring the adaptability and resilience of agro-ecosystems in the global challenge to produce more and better food in a sustainable way. The biodiversity of vegetable crops includes genetic diversity—both as species diversity (interspecific diversity) and as a diversity of genes within a species (intraspecific diversity) with regard to the vegetable varieties grown—and the diversity of agro-ecosystems (agro-biodiversity). The purpose of this Special Issue is to publish high-quality research papers addressing recent progress and perspectives on different aspects related to the biodiversity of vegetable crops. Original, high-quality contributions that have not yet been published, or that are not currently under review by other journals have been sought. The papers in this Special Issue cover a broad range of aspects and report recent research results regarding agro-biodiversity, which continues to be of significant relevance for both genetic and agricultural applications. All contributions are of significant relevance and could stimulate further research in this area.

polyphenols --- landraces --- artichoke --- wild edible plants --- microsatellite marker --- mountain agriculture --- HPLC analyses --- Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile --- apulian landraces --- traditional crops --- genetic reserve --- landrace --- meristem-tip culture --- databases --- long storage time --- Tanzania --- cultivated vegetables --- crop wild relative --- history --- safeguarding --- nutrition --- conservation --- Crithmum maritimum L. --- Italy --- crop population --- Tiggiano carrot --- germplasm --- local varieties --- in situ conservation --- homegardens --- thermotherapy --- genetic resources --- Solanum lycopersicum L. --- plant genetic resources --- recovery --- vegetables --- sanitation --- agriculture --- ecology --- domestication --- heavy metal --- ecotype --- cropping patterns --- virus-sanitation --- agrobiodiversity --- ecotypes --- Apium graveolens --- genetic distance --- genetic variability --- plant genetic resources populations --- food safety --- neglected and underutilized species --- heirloom --- geographical origin area --- seed bank --- climate change adaptation --- bioactive compounds --- genetic differentiation --- growing substrate --- characterization

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This book focuses on conservation genetic (and genomic) papers that demonstrate applied outcomes that inform practical threatened species management. We cover a broad range of species and genetic approaches, but focus on how conservation genetic information is used to underpin management actions for species recovery. Through the exposition of a diversity of approaches, we aim to demonstrate to conservation managers and researchers how conservation genetics can inform on-ground species management.

small isolated population --- Mediterranean native trout --- morphological deformities --- Camphorosmoideae --- conservation genetics --- disjunct distribution --- population fragmentation --- population structure --- single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers --- genetic diversity --- population viability analysis --- allele retention --- translocation --- conservation management --- threatened marsupial --- remnant --- conservation --- natural hybridisation --- Eucalyptus --- high throughput sequencing --- NGS --- South Australia --- golden bandicoot --- southern brown bandicoot --- quenda --- phylogenetic --- taxonomy --- evolutionarily significant unit --- ecosystem engineer --- genetic rescue --- genetic restoration --- supplementation --- disease --- inbreeding --- genetic swamping --- locally unique alleles --- population genetics --- marsupial --- adaptive potential --- Leadbeater’s possum --- Gymnobelideus leadbeateri --- ex situ conservation --- Psittacidae --- Ara macao --- Xcaret --- captive breeding --- climate drying --- cpDNA --- ecotype --- Evolutionarily Significant Units --- gene flow --- geographic expansion --- patchy abundance --- phylogeography --- n/a --- Leadbeater's possum

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This book focuses on conservation genetic (and genomic) papers that demonstrate applied outcomes that inform practical threatened species management. We cover a broad range of species and genetic approaches, but focus on how conservation genetic information is used to underpin management actions for species recovery. Through the exposition of a diversity of approaches, we aim to demonstrate to conservation managers and researchers how conservation genetics can inform on-ground species management.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- small isolated population --- Mediterranean native trout --- morphological deformities --- Camphorosmoideae --- conservation genetics --- disjunct distribution --- population fragmentation --- population structure --- single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers --- genetic diversity --- population viability analysis --- allele retention --- translocation --- conservation management --- threatened marsupial --- remnant --- conservation --- natural hybridisation --- Eucalyptus --- high throughput sequencing --- NGS --- South Australia --- golden bandicoot --- southern brown bandicoot --- quenda --- phylogenetic --- taxonomy --- evolutionarily significant unit --- ecosystem engineer --- genetic rescue --- genetic restoration --- supplementation --- disease --- inbreeding --- genetic swamping --- locally unique alleles --- population genetics --- marsupial --- adaptive potential --- Leadbeater’s possum --- Gymnobelideus leadbeateri --- ex situ conservation --- Psittacidae --- Ara macao --- Xcaret --- captive breeding --- climate drying --- cpDNA --- ecotype --- Evolutionarily Significant Units --- gene flow --- geographic expansion --- patchy abundance --- phylogeography --- n/a --- Leadbeater's possum

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Legionella spp. are ubiquitous microorganisms that are widely distributed in aquatic environments. Water systems of large buildings, such as hospitals, hotels, and rental units are often contaminated by legionellae and various parameters such as physical, chemical, and microbial building water system characteristics can influence Legionella occurrence. A range of physical and chemical disinfection methods have been proposed to control Legionella contamination; however, to date, the most effective procedures have not been defined. There is a need to survey legionellae in water systems to prevent legionellosis. Although the assessment of L. pneumophila in water is typically performed by culture isolation on selective media, it has several limits. For this reason, alternative tools for rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of Legionella in water samples have been proposed. In order to increase knowledge on different aspects of Legionella contamination in the water environment, this book gathers research studies related to the occurrence of Legionella in water systems of different environments; the role of different factors that can influence the Legionella contamination, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of different methodological approaches.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- WTP 828 --- Legionella --- risk assessment plan --- water quality --- microbial analysis --- chemical analysis --- distal site positivity --- hot water return line --- chlorine --- HPC --- temperature --- water management --- free-living amoebae --- biological biocide --- cooling towers --- Legionella pneumophila --- protozoa --- Vermamoeba --- Acanthamoeba --- potable water --- hospital water --- water disinfection --- legionellosis --- Dental unit waterlines --- Legionella spp. --- risk management --- disinfection --- SBT --- molecular diversity --- hotels --- Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) --- Surgical Handwashing Outlets (SHWOs) --- sensor-activated faucets --- free-living amoebae (FLA) --- virulence genes --- Willaertia magna C2c Maky --- culture media --- environmental monitoring --- quality control --- first draw --- second draw --- biofilm --- whole genome sequencing --- premise plumbing systems --- Legiolert --- ISO 11731 --- plate culture --- potable water samples --- flint --- copper --- PEX --- iron --- premise plumbing --- Legionnaires' disease --- culture --- BCYE and GVPC media --- MLVA-genotypes --- clonal complex --- West Bank --- non-tuberculous mycobacteria --- Pseudomonas --- Acinetobacter --- amoebae --- PVC --- drinking water --- ecotype --- groundwater --- environmental factors --- magnesium --- niche --- WTP 828 --- Legionella --- risk assessment plan --- water quality --- microbial analysis --- chemical analysis --- distal site positivity --- hot water return line --- chlorine --- HPC --- temperature --- water management --- free-living amoebae --- biological biocide --- cooling towers --- Legionella pneumophila --- protozoa --- Vermamoeba --- Acanthamoeba --- potable water --- hospital water --- water disinfection --- legionellosis --- Dental unit waterlines --- Legionella spp. --- risk management --- disinfection --- SBT --- molecular diversity --- hotels --- Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) --- Surgical Handwashing Outlets (SHWOs) --- sensor-activated faucets --- free-living amoebae (FLA) --- virulence genes --- Willaertia magna C2c Maky --- culture media --- environmental monitoring --- quality control --- first draw --- second draw --- biofilm --- whole genome sequencing --- premise plumbing systems --- Legiolert --- ISO 11731 --- plate culture --- potable water samples --- flint --- copper --- PEX --- iron --- premise plumbing --- Legionnaires' disease --- culture --- BCYE and GVPC media --- MLVA-genotypes --- clonal complex --- West Bank --- non-tuberculous mycobacteria --- Pseudomonas --- Acinetobacter --- amoebae --- PVC --- drinking water --- ecotype --- groundwater --- environmental factors --- magnesium --- niche

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The origin of species has fascinated both biologists and the general public since the publication of Darwin's Origin of Species in 1859. Significant progress in understanding the process was achieved in the "modern synthesis," when Theodosius Dobzhansky, Ernst Mayr, and others reconciled Mendelian genetics with Darwin's natural selection. Although evolutionary biologists have developed significant new theory and data about speciation in the years since the modern synthesis, this book represents the first systematic attempt to summarize and generalize what mathematical models tell us about the dynamics of speciation. Fitness Landscapes and the Origin of Species presents both an overview of the forty years of previous theoretical research and the author's new results. Sergey Gavrilets uses a unified framework based on the notion of fitness landscapes introduced by Sewall Wright in 1932, generalizing this notion to explore the consequences of the huge dimensionality of fitness landscapes that correspond to biological systems. In contrast to previous theoretical work, which was based largely on numerical simulations, Gavrilets develops simple mathematical models that allow for analytical investigation and clear interpretation in biological terms. Covering controversial topics, including sympatric speciation and the effects of sexual conflict on speciation, this book builds for the first time a general, quantitative theory for the origin of species.

Models, Genetic. --- Population Genetics. --- Evolution. --- Population biology. --- Species diversity. --- Population genetics --- Evolution (Biology) --- Species --- Mathematical models. --- Adaptive radiation. --- Allele frequency. --- Allele. --- Allopatric speciation. --- Assortative mating. --- Biodiversity. --- Character displacement. --- Charles Darwin. --- Digamma function. --- Directional selection. --- Disruptive selection. --- Ecological niche. --- Ecological selection. --- Ecology. --- Ecotype. --- Error threshold (evolution). --- Evolution of dominance. --- Evolutionary biology. --- Evolutionary dynamics. --- Evolutionary ecology. --- Evolutionary radiation. --- Fisher's fundamental theorem of natural selection. --- Fisherian runaway. --- Fitness (biology). --- Fitness function. --- Fitness landscape. --- Fitness model (network theory). --- Founder effect. --- Frequency-dependent selection. --- G-test. --- Gene flow. --- Gene. --- Genetic architecture. --- Genetic association. --- Genetic correlation. --- Genetic distance. --- Genetic divergence. --- Genetic drift. --- Genetic heterogeneity. --- Genetic structure. --- Genetic variability. --- Genetic variance. --- Genetic variation. --- Genetics and the Origin of Species. --- Genotype frequency. --- Genotype-phenotype distinction. --- Genotype. --- Group selection. --- Haldane's rule. --- Haplotype. --- Hardy–Weinberg principle. --- Hybrid (biology). --- Hybrid speciation. --- Hybrid zone. --- Inbreeding. --- Linkage disequilibrium. --- Local adaptation. --- Logarithm. --- Macroevolution. --- Mate choice. --- Mating preferences. --- Mating. --- Model organism. --- Modern evolutionary synthesis. --- Mutation rate. --- Mutation–selection balance. --- Natural selection. --- Nearly neutral theory of molecular evolution. --- Neutral network (evolution). --- On the Origin of Species. --- Order statistic. --- Parapatric speciation. --- Peripatric speciation. --- Phenotype. --- Phenotypic trait. --- Polymorphism (biology). --- Population ecology. --- Population genetics. --- Population size. --- Probability. --- Quantitative genetics. --- Quantitative trait locus. --- Rate of evolution. --- Reproductive isolation. --- Reproductive success. --- Ring species. --- Segregate (taxonomy). --- Selection coefficient. --- Sexual selection. --- Spatial ecology. --- Speciation (genetic algorithm). --- Speciation. --- Species complex. --- Species–area curve. --- Stepwise mutation model. --- Sympatric speciation. --- Taxonomy (biology). --- Trait theory.