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Oceans are an important source of wealth, at least 3 to 5 percent of global GDP is derived from the oceans, but their overall health is reaching a tipping point. Close to a third of fish stocks are fully fished or overfished, climate change is impacting coastal and marine ecosystems through a variety of vectors, unbridled development in the coastal zone is causing erosion, widespread desalination in semi enclosed seas is threatening fauna and flora alike, and marine pollution, particularly from land-based sources is reaching such a proportion that its impacts cannot even be accurately measured. The role of healthy oceans in stabilizing climate and keeping the planet cool is now better understood, and increasingly given the prominence and visibility it deserves in the global action arena. It is also known that business as usual in the different economic sectors associated with coastal and marine ecosystems will have great environmental and social impacts, which are expected to disproportionally affect vulnerable groups of the population, particularly women and girls. This is reflected in Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 14 - Life Below Water, which calls to conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas, and marine resources for sustainable development. In this context, the concept of the Blue Economy is particularly relevant and applicable to STP. Different institutions have different definitions of the Blue Economy, which is understood by the Bank as the sustainable and integrated development of oceanic sectors in healthy oceans. There is growing recognition that overfishing, marine pollution, and coastal erosion, among other issues, are pushing oceans to a tipping point to the detriment of the millions who depend on healthy oceans for jobs, nutrition, economic growth, and climate regulation. Central to the Blue Economy approach is the recognition that social benefits should be maximized over the long-term, ensuring that the economic drivers that result from the sustainable use of ocean resources are maintained.

Exclusive Economic Zone

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This work examines how African policy makers might develop better coordination between the public and private sectors to identify the constraints to faster structural transformation, and to design, implement, and monitor policies to remove them.

Industrial policy --- policy formulation --- structural transformation --- africa --- industrial development --- public and private sectors --- industrial policy --- Special economic zone

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This study briefly summarizes the development experiences of special economic zones in China and Africa, the lessons that Africa can learn from China, and the preliminary results of the Chinese investments in special economic zones in Africa. The study makes recommendations on how to unleash the power of special economic zones and industrial zones in Africa through strategically leveraging the Chinese experiences. The success factors of Chinese special economic zones include the strong and long-term commitment of the government, a conducive business environment in the zones, strategic locations, technology upgrading and skills training, and strong linkages with the local economy. However, the Chinese experiences highlight some pitfalls to avoid, such as the "mushroom approach" and high-level overlaps at the later stage, environmental degradation, and the unbalance between industrial development and social dimensions. This calls for a bigger role for the market. Sub-Sahara Africa's experience with traditional economic zones has been relatively poor, except in a few countries, such as Mauritius. The key challenges include the poor regulatory and institutional framework, lack of effective strategic planning, weak governance and implementation capacity, and inadequate infrastructure, among others. Since 2006, China has implemented special economic zone projects globally, including in four countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. It is still too early to conduct a full assessment of these projects; however, the evidence shows that some zones have begun to attract investments and make important contributions to the local economy. The main challenges include access to land, regulatory barriers, resettlement and coordination issues, and lack of external infrastructure.

Banks and Banking Reform --- Debt Markets --- Emerging Markets --- Environmental Economics & Policies --- Fdi --- ICT Policy and Strategies --- Industrial Agglomeration --- Industrial Park --- Industrial Zone --- Investment --- Private Sector Development --- Special Economic Zone

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The Eco-Industrial Park (EIP) Practitioner's Handbook is a practical, step-by-step guide that takes stakeholders through the entire process of operationalizing the International EIP Framework. It is composed of three sections. Section one highlights ways in which the government and other relevant stakeholders can support industrial park developers and operators in adopting the International EIP Framework through institutional, financial and technical support. It presents a detailed explanation of the four key steps, as well as a range of activities involved in developing and implementing a national-level EIP initiative. Section two lays out four key steps and action items involved in implementing the International EIP Framework. Section three provides a guideline on how to identify and actively create industrial symbiosis networks-an important strategy for promoting EIPs and operationalizing the International EIP Framework.

Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases --- Environment --- Environmental Assessment --- Environmental Economics and Policies --- Environmental Policy --- Exclusive Economic Zone --- Industrial Economics --- Industrial Parks --- Industry --- Private Sector Development --- Private Sector Economics --- Public-Private Partnerships --- Special Economic Zones

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The report is the result of detailed research and consultation, which included review of literature, original analysis of fisheries data, and extensive meetings with people from the Federal Government, Provincial Governments, the private sector, and non-government and international organizations. Consultations were roughly evenly divided across capture fisheries, culture fisheries, and cross-cutting issues. The findings are organized in four remaining sections: part two provides an overview of the current state of fisheries in Pakistan. Information on fisheries' contribution to the economy, production trends, and fishing practices for marine, inland, and aquaculture is presented. Part two also provides an overview of the existing fisheries governance arrangements including current policy and legal framework and institutional arrangements. Part three provides an analysis of the potential benefits that could be realized through a revitalization of Pakistan's fishery sector. Part four gives an analysis of the challenges to realizing these benefits. Part five describes specific activities necessary to overcome the challenges identified in part four. It provides recommendations within five themes: (1) creating an enabling environment for growth, (2) managing marine capture fisheries for long-term sustainability, (3) ensuring sustainable inland capture fisheries, (4) supporting the development of an environmentally sensitive aquaculture industry, and (5) optimizing the benefits of a productive fisheries sector for social goals.

Agriculture --- Aquaculture --- Climate Change --- Climate Change and Agriculture --- Conservation --- Environment --- Environmental Protection --- Exclusive Economic Zone --- Fisheries and Aquaculture --- Fishing Industry --- Food Security --- Gender --- Industry --- Marine Ecosystems --- Nutrition --- Trade Competition --- Water Resources Management