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For nearly four decades, China’s manufacturing boom has been powered by the labor of 287 million rural migrant workers, who travel seasonally between villages where they farm for subsistence and cities where they work. Yet recently local governments have moved away from manufacturing and toward urban expansion and construction as a development strategy. As a result, at least 88 million rural people to date have lost rights to village land. In Beneath the China Boom, Julia Chuang follows the trajectories of rural workers, who were once supported by a village welfare state and are now landless. This book provides a view of the undertow of China’s economic success, and the periodic crises—a rural fiscal crisis, a runaway urbanization—that it first created and now must resolve.

Urbanization --- Economic development --- Migrant labor --- Migration, Internal --- Economic aspects --- Social aspects --- China --- Rural conditions. --- Economic policy. --- china. --- chinas economic success and crises. --- chinas manufacturing boom. --- eighty eight million rural people. --- farm for subsistence. --- labor of migrant workers. --- lost rights to village land. --- moved away from manufacturing. --- once supported and now landless. --- runaway urbanization. --- rural fiscal crisis. --- trajectories of rural workers. --- travel seasonally between villages. --- urban expansion and construction. --- work in cities.

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Civility is desirable and possible, but can this fragile ideal be guaranteed? The Importance of Being Civil offers the most comprehensive look at the nature and advantages of civility throughout history and in our world today. Esteemed sociologist John Hall expands our understanding of civility as related to larger social forces-including revolution, imperialism, capitalism, nationalism, and war-and the ways that such elements limit the potential for civility.Combining wide-ranging historical and comparative evidence with social and moral theory, Hall examines how the nature of civility has fluctuated in the last three centuries, how it became lost, and how it was reestablished in the twentieth century following the two world wars. He also considers why civility is currently breaking down and what can be done to mitigate this threat.The Importance of Being Civil is a decisive and sophisticated addition to the discussion of civility in its modern cultural and historical contexts.

Civil society. --- Social ethics. --- Social contract --- Ethics --- Social problems --- Sociology --- Adam Smith. --- Adolf Hitler. --- Europe. --- European Union. --- Iranian communism. --- Jesuit communist communities. --- Karl Marx. --- Raymond Aron. --- United States. --- authenticity. --- authoritarianism. --- autonomy. --- capitalism. --- civil behavior. --- civil nationalism. --- civil political culture. --- civil society. --- civility. --- commercial society. --- communism. --- comparative advantage. --- conflict. --- cooperative relations. --- democracy. --- difference. --- disagreement. --- disenchantment. --- diversity. --- division of labor. --- economic growth. --- economic success. --- economic theory. --- heterogeneity. --- homogeneity. --- human personality. --- immigrants. --- imperialism. --- individuation. --- industrial relations. --- international relations. --- international tensions. --- international trade rivalries. --- military independence. --- modern intellectuals. --- modern science. --- modern world. --- modernist ideas. --- moral development. --- nationalism. --- negative resisting power. --- normal societal relations. --- personal authenticity. --- political civility. --- political elites. --- political theory. --- positive sum game. --- premodern communism. --- prudence. --- realism. --- religious charisma. --- revolution. --- social actors. --- social conditions. --- social contracts. --- social identities. --- social life. --- socialism. --- societal experimentation. --- societal self-organization. --- state behavior. --- states. --- status competition. --- sufficiencies. --- trust. --- virtue. --- visions. --- war. --- warring groups. --- working classes.

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"As debate rages over the widening and destructive gap between the rich and the rest of Americans, Claude Fischer and his colleagues present a comprehensive new treatment of inequality in America. They challenge arguments that expanding inequality is the natural, perhaps necessary, accompaniment of economic growth. They refute the claims of the incendiary bestseller The Bell Curve (1994) through a clear, rigorous re-analysis of the very data its authors, Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray, used to contend that inherited differences in intelligence explain inequality. Inequality by Design offers a powerful alternative explanation, stressing that economic fortune depends more on social circumstances than on IQ, which is itself a product of society. More critical yet, patterns of inequality must be explained by looking beyond the attributes of individuals to the structure of society. Social policies set the "rules of the game" within which individual abilities and efforts matter. And recent policies have, on the whole, widened the gap between the rich and the rest of Americans since the 1970s." "Not only does the wealth of individuals' parents shape their chances for a good life, so do national policies ranging from labor laws to investments in education to tax deductions. The authors explore the ways that America - the most economically unequal society in the industrialized world - unevenly distributes rewards through regulation of the market, taxes, and government spending. It attacks the myth that inequality fosters economic growth, that reducing economic inequality requires enormous welfare expenditures, and that there is little we can do to alter the extent of inequality. It also attacks the injurious myth of innate racial inequality, presenting powerful evidence that racial differences in achievement are the consequences, not the causes, of social inequality. By refusing to blame inequality on an unchangeable human nature and an inexorable market - an excuse that leads to resignation and passivity - Inequality by Design shows how we can advance policies that widen opportunity for all."--BOOK JACKET.

Égalité --- --Justice --- --États-Unis --- --Intellect --- Nature and nurture --- Intelligence levels --- Educational psychology --- Social aspects --- Herrnstein, Richard J --- Educational psychology. --- Intellect. --- Nature and nurture. --- Hulpwetenschappen --- sociologie --- #SBIB:316.334.1O410 --- #SBIB:316.8H15 --- 316.34 --- 316.44 --- US / United States of America - USA - Verenigde Staten - Etats Unis --- 311.98 --- 313 --- 339.21 --- 202 --- 159.9 --- onderwijs --- psychologie --- sociale ongelijkheid --- Leergedrag: cognitief gedrag, studieresultaten: algemeen --- Welzijns- en sociale problemen: sociale ongelijkheid en armoede --- Sociale differentiatie. Sociale typologie. Sociale stratificatie --- Sociale mobiliteit. Sociale differentiatie --- Bevolking naar de maatschappelijke klasse en stand. Wet van Pareto. --- Levenswijze en levensstandaard. Levensminimum. sociale indicatoren (Studiën). --- Ongelijkheid en herverdeling van vermogens en inkomens. Inkomensbeleid. --- Sociale organisatie. --- Psychologie --- sociologie. --- 316.44 Sociale mobiliteit. Sociale differentiatie --- 316.34 Sociale differentiatie. Sociale typologie. Sociale stratificatie --- Intellect --- Environment --- Genetics and environment --- Heredity and environment --- Nature --- Nature versus nurture --- Nurture and nature --- Genetics --- Heredity --- Human beings --- Intelligence quotient --- IQ (Intelligence quotient) --- Human intelligence --- Intelligence --- Mind --- Ability --- Psychology --- Thought and thinking --- Education --- Psychology, Educational --- Child psychology --- Sociale organisatie --- Bevolking naar de maatschappelijke klasse en stand. Wet van Pareto --- Levenswijze en levensstandaard. Levensminimum. sociale indicatoren (Studiën) --- Ongelijkheid en herverdeling van vermogens en inkomens. Inkomensbeleid --- Nurture --- Effect of environment on --- Herrnstein, Richard J. --- Bane, Mary Jo. --- Coleman Report. --- Depression. --- Jencks, Christopher. --- Korenman, Sanders. --- Microsoft Corporation. --- Phillips, Kevin. --- Winship, Christopher. --- adult community environment. --- agricultural subsidies. --- corporate welfare. --- economic success. --- exercise, mental. --- farm subsidies. --- health expenditures. --- incarceration. --- information chunking. --- intelligence. --- logistic regressions. --- oppositional culture. --- plant relocations. --- practical intelligence. --- regression analyses. --- school composition. --- school segregation. --- tracking. --- validity. --- weighing. --- Environment and genetics --- Environment and heredity --- SOCIAL SCIENCE / Methodology. --- Social stratification --- Economic growth --- United States of America