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The collection includes refereed articles on topics in economic methodology and the history of economics, including Austrian economic methodology and Wesley Mitchell.Review essays on new publications cover such topics as Adam Smith, John Kenneth Galbraith, Friedrich Nietzsche, Joseph Schumpeter, Janos Kornai, the Chicago School, French econometrics, financial economics, economic methodology, economists in parliament, the repeal of the Corn Laws, and the role of state power in economics.

Critical realism. --- Economic -- Methodology. --- Economics -- Philosophy. --- Economics --- Economic theory --- Political economy --- Social sciences --- Economic man --- History. --- Methodology --- Research --- History --- E-books --- Methodology. --- Research.

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Des travaux de Wassily Leontief, on retient surtout ses tableaux entrées-sorties (TES), les célèbres TES de la comptabilité nationale, en oubliant l’ambition scientifique au service de laquelle ils avaient été conçus. Développé à Harvard dans les années 1930, le TES est un élément dans un dispositif scientifique visant à faire de l’économie une science empirique. Il est une matrice comptable associée à un modèle mathématique de l’équilibre économique général. Ce dispositif est conçu comme une alternative à l’économétrie que Leontief considère mal équipée pour résoudre le problème de l’association de la théorie à la mesure statistique. C’est qu’en économie, selon l’expression d’Alain Desrosières, le mariage entre la théorie et les statistiques est tardif et que le branchement ne va pas de soi. Cet essai présente d’abord la méthodologie économique de Leontief et montre comment elle s’insère dans les grands débats épistémologiques de la discipline jusqu’à aujourd’hui. L’ouvrage propose ensuite une réédition de l’article de Leontief « Les mathématiques et la science économique » (1954). In Europe, Wassily Leontief is remembered mainly for his input-output tables, which are considered a useful tool for national accounting. However, the scientific project which led to the development of IOTs has been ignored. IOTs were developed by Leontief at Harvard in the 1930s, as a component of a scientific scheme designed to make economics a genuine empirical science. IOTs were, indeed, conceived as an accounting matrix twinned with a mathematical model of general economic equilibrium. The scheme was designed as an alternative to econometrics, as Leontief considered the latter ill-equipped to link economic theory with statistical measurement. As Alain Desrosières once stated, in economics, the “marriage” between economic theory and statistics was slow to emerge and the connection was not straightforward.. This essay presents Leontief’s economic methodology and shows how it has…

Économétrie. --- Économie politique. --- Leontief, Wassily W., --- Critique et interprétation. --- Leontief, Wassily W. --- Economics --- Wassily Leontief --- épistémologie économique --- modélisation --- économétrie --- analyse input-output --- economic methodology --- modelling --- econometrics --- input-output analysis

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This paper identifies turning points for the U.S. business cycle using different time series. The model, a multivariate Markov-Swiching model, assumes that each series is characterized by a mixture of two normal distributions (a high and low mean) with switching determined by a common Markov process. The procedure is applied to the series that make up the composite U.S. coincident indicator to obtain business cycle turning points. The business cycle chronology is closer to the NBER reference cycle than the turning points obtained from the individual series using a univariate model. The model is also used to forecast the series, with encouraging results.

Exports and Imports --- Macroeconomics --- Industries: General --- Economic Methodology --- Business Fluctuations --- Cycles --- Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Macroeconomics: Production --- International Investment --- Long-term Capital Movements --- Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions --- Economic growth --- International economics --- Business cycles --- Industrial production --- Cyclical indicators --- International investment position --- Personal income --- Production --- External position --- National accounts --- Industries --- Investments, Foreign --- Income --- United States

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This paper notes that, for the first time, the concept and treatment of reinvested earnings in the Fund’s Balance of Payments Manual and the 1993 System of National Accounts are fully harmonized. The paper presents the conceptual basis for the measurement of reinvested earnings and illustrative examples as to recording, from the Fund’s Balance of Payments Compilation Guide and Balance of Payments Textbook. Highlighted are the recommended time of recording of reinvested earnings, the calculation of earnings on a current operating basis, and the calculation of depreciation at replacement cost, notwithstanding possible practical difficulties in implementation.

Aggregate Factor Income Distribution --- Economic Methodology --- Exports and Imports --- Finance --- Financial Instruments --- Foreign direct investment --- General Aggregative Models: General --- Income economics --- Income --- Institutional Investors --- International Business --- International Economics: General --- International Investment --- Investment & securities --- Investments, Foreign --- Investments: Stocks --- Labor --- Labour --- Long-term Capital Movements --- Macroeconomics --- Multinational Firms --- National accounts --- National income --- Non-bank Financial Institutions --- Pension Funds --- Stocks --- Wages --- Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: General

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The System of National Accounts 1993 (1993 SNA) provided new standards for the statistical treatment of financial derivatives. Subsequently, financial derivative markets have evolved, and there have been requests from national statisticians for clarification and amplification of the recommendations in the 1993 SNA and the fifth edition of the IMF’s Balance of Payments Manual (BPM5). Meeting this need is the main purpose of this working paper. Its recommendations have been widely discussed in international meetings and have been approved by bodies that effect changes in the 1993 SNA and BPM5.

Finance: General --- Investments: Options --- Investments: Derivatives --- Macroeconomics --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Economic Methodology --- Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Macroeconomic Data --- Data Access --- Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy --- International Economics: General --- Financial Economics: General --- Pension Funds --- Non-bank Financial Institutions --- Financial Instruments --- Institutional Investors --- General Aggregative Models: General --- Monetary Systems --- Standards --- Regimes --- Government and the Monetary System --- Payment Systems --- Finance --- Monetary economics --- Financial derivatives --- Financial instruments --- National accounts --- Currencies --- Options --- Financial institutions --- Money --- Derivative securities --- National income --- United States