Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

economy --- development --- cuba --- economic institutions --- Business, Economy and Management --- Social Sciences --- Economics --- Developmental Issues & Socioeconomic Studies

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Financial crises are nothing new in the annals of history of the capitalistic path of economic development; indeed, they are part of business cycle. The theoretical basis for this is well entrenched in the concept of ‘Keynesian Cross’. Tales of crises date back centuries, but have taken a new turn as the race for more globalization goes on, which involves liberalizing trade and opening up the financial sector. This has made many nations vulnerable to crises that are likely to be repeated, perhaps frequently. Based on recent experience, warning signs can be seen in the dollar-centric exchange rate, which is the mainstay for the stability of the current global financial system. To a careful observer, there is clearly fatigue in the system.

Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) --- banking crises --- reserve currency --- asymmetry --- derivative --- Asian crisis --- policy uncertainty --- monetary plurality --- mortgage crisis --- nonlinear ARDL --- China --- emerging market economies --- exchange rates --- default swap --- LIBOR --- currency --- cash flow --- Belt and Road Initiative --- money demand --- commodity price stabilisation --- trade balance --- risk management --- Argentina --- RMB internationalization --- GMM --- currency convertibility --- investment --- Grondona system --- exchange rate disconnect puzzle --- monetary policy --- NARDL --- Special Drawing Right --- currency pegs --- international monetary system --- economic institutions --- cointegration --- macroeconomic fundamentals --- currency crisis --- the U.S.A.

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

"Little else is required to carry a state to the highest degree of opulence from the lowest barbarism, but peace, easy taxes, and a tolerable administration of justice; all the rest being brought about by the natural course of things." So wrote Adam Smith a quarter of a millennium ago. Using the tools of modern political economics and combining economic theory with a bird's-eye view of the data, this book reinterprets Smith's pillars of prosperity to explain the existence of development clusters--places that tend to combine effective state institutions, the absence of political violence, and high per-capita incomes. To achieve peace, the authors stress the avoidance of repressive government and civil conflict. Easy taxes, they argue, refers not to low taxes, but a tax system with widespread compliance that collects taxes at a reasonable cost from a broad base, like income. And a tolerable administration of justice is about legal infrastructure that can support the enforcement of contracts and property rights in line with the rule of law. The authors show that countries tend to enjoy all three pillars of prosperity when they have evolved cohesive political institutions that promote common interests, guaranteeing the provision of public goods. In line with much historical research, international conflict has also been an important force behind effective states by fostering common interests. The absence of common interests and/or cohesive political institutions can explain the existence of very different development clusters in fragile states that are plagued by poverty, violence, and weak state capacity.

Economic policy --- Economic development --- Business incubators --- Business & Economics --- Economic Theory --- Business hatcheries --- Experimental innovation centers (Business) --- Hatcheries, Business --- Incubator industrial parks --- Incubator space (Business) --- Incubators (Entrepreneurship) --- New business incubators --- Industrial districts --- Entrepreneurship --- New business enterprises --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Economics --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse --- Economic nationalism --- Economic planning --- National planning --- State planning --- Planning --- National security --- Social policy --- Adam Smith. --- Pillars of Prosperity Index. --- business environment. --- civil conflict. --- civil war. --- developing countries. --- development assistance. --- economic analysis. --- economic development. --- economic institutions. --- economic policy. --- economic theory. --- economics. --- fiscal capacity. --- fragile states. --- governance. --- government. --- income. --- international conflict. --- investment. --- investments. --- justice. --- micropolitics. --- military assistance. --- political economics. --- political reform. --- political stability. --- political turnover. --- political violence. --- poverty. --- prosperity. --- public-finance models. --- repression. --- repressive government. --- state building. --- state capacity. --- tax system. --- technical assistance. --- total factor productivity. --- trust. --- Business incubators. --- Economic development. --- Economic policy. --- Economics.

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

1989 explores the momentous events following the fall of the Berlin Wall and the effects they have had on our world ever since. Based on documents, interviews, and television broadcasts from Washington, London, Paris, Bonn, Berlin, Warsaw, Moscow, and a dozen other locations, 1989 describes how Germany unified, NATO expansion began, and Russia got left on the periphery of the new Europe. This updated edition contains a new afterword with the most recent evidence on the 1990 origins of NATO's post-Cold War expansion.

World politics --- North Atlantic Treaty Organization --- Membership. --- Europe --- History --- Politics and government --- 1989. --- Allied Control Commission. --- Berlin Wall. --- Berlin wall. --- Berlin. --- Bush administration. --- Cold War. --- East German dissident movements. --- East Germany. --- European Community. --- European home. --- Four Powers. --- German states. --- German unification. --- Gorbachev. --- Hans-Dietrich Genscher. --- Helmut Kohl. --- James A. Baker III. --- Mikhail Gorbachev. --- NATO expansion. --- NATO reform. --- NATO. --- USSR. --- West German Basic Law. --- Western standards. --- architecture. --- blueprints. --- building permits. --- confederationism. --- domestic institutions. --- four-power control. --- heroic model. --- ideas. --- institutional-transfer model. --- international economic institutions. --- international institutions. --- international military institutions. --- models. --- multinationalism. --- new Europe. --- nondemocratic regimes. --- old order. --- post-Cold War Europe. --- post-Cold War. --- power. --- prefab model. --- prefabricated institutions. --- property pluralism. --- restoration model. --- revivalist model. --- socialism. --- state leaders. --- state sovereignty. --- transatlantic architecture.