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"Once the pride of interwar Czechoslovakia, and key during the forced industrialization of the Stalinist period, during the 1970s and 1980s the Czechoslovak railway sector showed the symptoms of the political tiredness and economic exhaustion of the Soviet Bloc. This book examines the failure of central economic planning through the lens of this national transport system.Based on the presentation of its history and on the detailed scrutiny of the actors, institutions, internal mechanisms, and conditions of the railway sector, the analysis reveals the identities of the real stakeholders in the state administration. This case shows how the country was governed by Communist Party institutions and government ministries, and how developments in the transportation sector-like in every sector-reflected their priorities. Numerous tables with selected statistics underscore the economic analysis and black and white photos offer a glimpse on the technical base of the railway sector.The book is filled with enlightening comparisons of the Czechoslovak transportation industry with its counterparts in the whole Eastern Bloc. Integration into the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (Comecon) of the Bloc could have been an asset, yet the records have more to say about conflicts than cooperation"-- "Once the pride of interwar Czechoslovakia, and key during the forced industrialization of the Stalinist period, during the 1970s and 1980s the Czechoslovak railway sector showed the symptoms of the political tiredness and economic exhaustion of the Soviet Bloc. This book examines the failure of central economic planning through the lens of this national transport system. Based on the presentation of its history and on the detailed scrutiny of the actors, institutions, internal mechanisms, and conditions of the railway sector, the analysis reveals the identities of the real stakeholders in the state administration. This case shows how the country was governed by Communist Party institutions and government ministries, and how developments in the transportation sector-like in every sector-reflected their priorities. Numerous tables with selected statistics underscore the economic analysis and black and white photos offer a glimpse on the technical base of the railway sector. The book is filled with enlightening comparisons of the Czechoslovak transportation industry with its counterparts in the whole Eastern Bloc. Integration into the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (Comecon) of the Bloc could have been an asset, yet the records have more to say about conflicts than cooperation"--
Chemins de fer --- Railroads --- Histoire --- History --- Czechoslovakia. --- Tchecoslovaquie --- Czechoslovakia --- Politique et gouvernement --- Politics and government --- Eastern bloc. --- transportation industry.
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"This book explores the transformation of foodways in modern Bulgaria, through focused chapters on bread, meat, milk, vegetables, and wine. Such ingredients--as the Bulgarian diet itself--changed radically in form and substance in the shadow of changing global and local narratives, practices, and possibilities"--
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This text looks at the ways in which Jews, Muslims and the conflict between them has been covered in the modern media. Both Jews and Muslims generally receive a 'bad press'. This book will try to reveal why. The media have clearly played a pro-active role in the Middle East conflict, the coverage of which is obscured by the contrasting images of Jew and Muslim in western thought.
Arab-Israeli conflict. --- Islam --- Jews --- Judaism --- Muslims --- Public opinion --- Judaïsme --- Relations --- Judaism. --- Public opinion. --- Islam. --- Judaïsme. --- Christianity --- Zionism --- the Ottoman Empire --- Hamevasser --- Judeophobia --- Islamophobia --- Italy --- the Northern League party --- post-revolution IranEurope --- emigration --- North Africa --- India --- cinema --- mass media --- the Middle East --- Israel --- Iraq --- Eastern bloc --- Palestinian Arabs --- Russia --- the Moscow Yiddish Monthly --- Sovetish Heymland --- the Guardian --- war --- conflict management
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Konrad Sziedat untersucht erstmals systematisch die Hoffnungen, die westdeutsche Linke seit 1980 in die Transformationsprozesse im "Ostblock" setzten. Ausgehend von der Unterstützungskampagne "Solidarität mit Solidarność" kann er mit den Möglichkeiten der historischen Netzwerkanalyse zeigen, wie Linke unterschiedlichster ideologischer Orientierung wiederholt zu gemeinsamen Aktionen zusammenfanden. Auch verdeutlicht er an der Historischen Semantik von Begriffen wie "Sozialismus", "dritter Weg" und "Zivilgesellschaft" Erwartungen und Enttäuschungen westdeutscher Linker bis Mitte der 1990er Jahre. Der tiefgreifende Wandel der Linken im späten 20. Jahrhundert wird damit in den größeren Zusammenhang des mittel- und osteuropäischen Umbruchs eingebettet. The West German left was heavily invested in the transformation processes in the "Eastern bloc" after 1980. It organized solidarity for Solidarność, and despite any ideological difference, continued to take part in joint activities. Konrad Sziedat traces the expectations - and disillusionments - of the West-German left through the mid-1990s by examining the historical semantics of such terms as "socialism," "Third Way," and "civil society."
Right and left (Political science) --- Socialism --- Civil society --- Socialist parties --- Communist parties --- Political parties --- Social contract --- Marxism --- Social democracy --- Socialist movements --- Collectivism --- Anarchism --- Communism --- Critical theory --- Left (Political science) --- Left and right (Political science) --- Right (Political science) --- Political science --- History --- Forecasting. --- Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands --- Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands --- History. --- Germany (East) --- Germany (West) --- Politics and government --- Disenchantment. --- Eastern bloc. --- civil society. --- historical semantics. --- solidarity.
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Communism's Public Sphere explores the political role of cultural spaces in the Eastern Bloc. Under communist regimes that banned free speech, political discussions shifted to spaces of art: theaters, galleries, concert halls, and youth clubs. Kyrill Kunakhovich shows how these venues turned into sites of dialogue and contestation. While officials used them to spread the communist message, artists and audiences often flouted state policy and championed alternative visions. Cultural spaces therefore came to function as a public sphere, or a rare outlet for discussing public affairs. Focusing on Krakow in Poland and Leipzig in East Germany, Communism's Public Sphere sheds new light on state-society interactions in the Eastern Bloc.
Social evolution. --- Communism and culture. --- Culture and communism --- Culture --- Cultural evolution --- Cultural transformation --- Culture, Evolution of --- Evolution --- Social change --- Germany (East) --- Cultural policy. --- art and socialist regimes, artistic expression under communism, socialist culture, cold war propaganda, culture in the Eastern Bloc, communist public sphere, Dissident art in Eastern Europe. --- Communism and culture --- History --- Politics and culture --- Poland
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"The ruling communist parties of the postwar Soviet Bloc possessed nearly unprecedented power to shape every level of society; perhaps in part because of this, they have been routinely depicted as monolithic, austere, and even opaque institutions. Communist Parties Revisited takes a markedly different approach, investigating everyday life within basic organizations to illuminate the inner workings of Eastern Bloc parties. Ranging across national and transnational contexts, the contributions assembled here reconstruct the rituals of party meetings, functionaries' informal practices, intra-party power struggles, and the social production of ideology to give a detailed account of state socialist policymaking on a micro-historical scale"--
Communism --- History. --- Europe, Eastern --- Communist countries --- Social conditions --- Politics and government --- civic. --- communist parties. --- eastern bloc countries. --- engaging. --- european history. --- everyday life. --- history. --- ideology. --- inner workings. --- marx. --- monolithic government. --- opaque institutions. --- political parties. --- political process. --- political science. --- political. --- politics. --- postwar europe. --- revolutionaries. --- russia. --- russian history. --- social issues. --- social problems. --- socialism communism. --- socialism. --- society. --- sociocultural approach. --- soviet bloc. --- transnational contexts. --- unprecedented power.
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A viable system of international trade requires the active support of both the United States and the European Community, the world's largest trading partners and, consequently, the primary forces shaping the post-World War II international trading regime. In recent years, however, a series of disagreements have threatened the consensus supporting that regime. Differences have arisen over the relation of trade policy to balance-of-trade deficits, the terms of and actual compliance with the current General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, and the proper agenda and procedures to be adopted in future multilateral trade negotiations. These differences, if left unresolved, will further weaken an already strained system. Issues in US-EC Trade Relations presents the results of a conference organized by the NBER and the Centre for European Policy Studies. In it, North American and European trade specialists offer theoretical, empirical, and historical analyses of some of the major issues on which American and Community officials disagree and also formulate realistic policies for settling present disputes. Contributors consider such topics as the legal aspects of trade between the two regions, agricultural policy, different ways the United States and members of the European Community use embargoes to attempt to induce foreign countries to change particular political actions, the growing trend toward protectionism and responses to this policy, international trade in services, and trade policy in oligopolistic environments. In most cases, each general subject is approached from both an American and a European perspective.
United States --- European Economic Community countries --- Foreign economic relations --- international, trade, finance, economics, politics, diplomacy, europe, policy, deficits, tariffs, agriculture, embargo, protectionism, european economic community, gatt litigation, competition, steel crisis, telecommunications, banking, game theory, nonfiction, reference, west germany, soviet union, eastern bloc, textiles, reciprocity, new zealand, jamaica, japan, equity.
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Countless studies have assessed the dramatic reforms of Mikhail Gorbachev, but their analysis of the impact on European communism has focused overwhelmingly on the Soviet Union and Eastern bloc nations. This ambitious collection takes a much broader view, reconstructing and evaluating the historical trajectories of glasnost and perestroika on both sides of the Iron Curtain. Moving beyond domestic politics and foreign relations narrowly defined, the research gathered here constitutes a transnational survey of these reforms’ collective impact, showing how they were variably received and implemented, and how they shaped the prospects for “proletarian internationalism” in diverse political contexts.
Communism --- Communist parties --- Perestroĭka --- History --- History. --- Soviet Union --- Communist countries --- Europe, Western --- Politics and government --- Politics and government. --- collective impact. --- demise of communism. --- domestic policies. --- dramatic reforms. --- eastern bloc. --- eastern europe. --- end of ussr. --- european communism. --- european communist party. --- european economics. --- glasnost. --- international policy. --- iron curtain. --- mikhail gorbachev. --- perestroika. --- postwar history. --- proletarian internationalism. --- soviet union. --- transnational survey. --- western europe.
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In this new collection of essays, Adam Michnik-one of Europe's leading dissidents-traces the post-cold-war transformation of Eastern Europe. He writes again in opposition, this time to post-communist elites and European Union bureaucrats. Composed of history, memoir, and political critique, In Search of Lost Meaning shines a spotlight on the changes in Poland and the Eastern Bloc in the post-1989 years. Michnik asks what mistakes were made and what we can learn from climactic events in Poland's past, in its literature, and the histories of Central and Eastern Europe. He calls attention to pivotal moments in which central figures like Lech Walesa and political movements like Solidarity came into being, how these movements attempted to uproot the past, and how subsequent events have ultimately challenged Poland's enduring ethical legacy of morality and liberalism. Reflecting on the most recent efforts to grapple with Poland's Jewish history and residual guilt, this profoundly important book throws light not only on recent events, but also on the thinking of one of their most important protagonists.
Social ethics. --- Social ethics --- Social change --- Poland --- Europe, Eastern --- Europe, Central --- Politics and government --- activism. --- anti semitism. --- central europe. --- cold war. --- communism. --- dissident. --- eastern bloc. --- eastern europe. --- europe. --- european union. --- genocide. --- guilt. --- history. --- holocaust. --- jewish history. --- lech walesa. --- liberalism. --- memoir. --- modern history. --- morality. --- nonfiction. --- poland. --- polish jews. --- polish literature. --- political action. --- political movements. --- politics. --- post cold war. --- rebellion. --- red scare. --- russia. --- social justice. --- solidarity. --- ussr. --- war.
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The first in-depth account of the historic diplomatic agreement that served as a blueprint for ending the Cold WarThe Helsinki Final Act was a watershed of the Cold War. Signed by thirty-five European and North American leaders at a summit in Finland in the summer of 1975, the agreement presented a vision for peace based on common principles and cooperation across the Iron Curtain. The Final Act is the first in-depth account of the diplomatic saga that produced this historic agreement. Drawing on research in eight countries and multiple languages, this gripping book explains the Final Act's emergence from the parallel crises of the Soviet bloc and the West during the 1960s, the strategies of the major players, and the conflicting designs for international order that animated the negotiations.Helsinki had originally been a Soviet idea. But after nearly three years of grinding negotiations, the Final Act reflected liberal democratic ideals more than communist ones. It rejected the Brezhnev Doctrine, provided for German reunification, endorsed human rights as a core principle of international security, committed countries to greater transparency in economic and military affairs, and promoted the freer movement of people and information across borders. Instead of restoring the legitimacy of the Soviet bloc, Helsinki established principles that undermined it.The definitive history of the origins and legacy of this important agreement, The Final Act shows how it served as a blueprint for ending the Cold War, and how, when that conflict finally came to a close, the great powers established a new international order based on Helsinki's enduring principles.
Cold War --- History. --- Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe --- Activism. --- Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn. --- Allies of World War II. --- Anatoly. --- Andrei Gromyko. --- Andrei Sakharov. --- Brezhnev Doctrine. --- Capitalism. --- Capitalist state. --- Central Committee. --- Citizenship. --- Cold War. --- Comecon. --- Communism. --- Communist propaganda. --- Communist state. --- Containment. --- Criticism. --- Czechoslovakia. --- De facto. --- Dictatorship. --- Disarmament. --- Dissident. --- Domestic policy. --- East Germany. --- Eastern Bloc. --- Eastern Europe. --- Edward Gierek. --- Erich Honecker. --- Europe. --- European Economic Community. --- European integration. --- Federal republic. --- Foreign policy. --- Fredrik Logevall. --- Georges Pompidou. --- German reunification. --- Grand strategy. --- Great power. --- Hans-Dietrich Genscher. --- Henry Kissinger. --- Ideology. --- Imperialism. --- Interdependence. --- International law. --- International relations. --- International security. --- Jay Winter. --- John Lewis Gaddis. --- Leninism. --- Leonid Brezhnev. --- Marxism–Leninism. --- Mikhail Gorbachev. --- Mikhail Suslov. --- Molly Worthen. --- Moral high ground. --- NATO. --- National security. --- Nikita Khrushchev. --- Non-interventionism. --- Nuclear warfare. --- Obstacle. --- Ostpolitik. --- Peaceful coexistence. --- Politburo. --- Politician. --- Politics. --- Prague Spring. --- Precedent. --- Princeton University Press. --- Proletarian internationalism. --- Racism. --- Raymond Aron. --- Revanchism. --- Richard Nixon. --- Robert Bothwell. --- Romanians. --- Russians. --- Self-determination. --- Sino-Soviet split. --- Skepticism. --- Social democracy. --- Socialist state. --- Sovereignty. --- Soviet Union. --- Soviet Union–United States relations. --- Soviet people. --- Stalinism. --- Treaty. --- United States Department of State. --- Urho Kekkonen. --- Walter Ulbricht. --- Warsaw Pact. --- West Berlin. --- West Germany. --- Western Europe. --- Western world. --- Westphalian sovereignty. --- Willy Brandt. --- World history.
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