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The modern understanding of metal plasticity and fracturing began about 100 years ago, with pioneering work; first, on crack-induced fracturing by Griffith and, second, with the invention of dislocation-enhanced crystal plasticity by Taylor, Orowan and Polanyi. The modern counterparts are fracture mechanics, as invented by Irwin, and dislocation mechanics, as initiated in pioneering work by Cottrell. No less important was the breakthrough development of optical characterization of sectioned polycrystalline metal microstructures started by Sorby in the late 19th century and leading eventually to modern optical, x-ray and electron microscopy methods for assessments of crystal fracture surfaces, via fractography, and particularly of x-ray and electron microscopy techniques applied to quantitative characterizations of internal dislocation behaviors. A major current effort is to match computational simulations of metal deformation/fracturing behaviors with experimental measurements made over extended ranges of microstructures and over varying external conditions of stress-state, temperature and loading rate. The relation of such simulations to the development of constitutive equations for a hoped-for predictive description of material deformation/fracturing behaviors is an active topic of research. The present collection of articles provides a broad sampling of research accomplishments on the two subjects.

dislocation mechanics --- yield strength --- grain size --- thermal activation --- strain rate --- impact tests --- brittleness transition --- fracturing --- crack size --- fracture mechanics --- Hall-Petch equation --- Griffith equation --- size effect --- mechanical strength --- pearlitic steels --- suspension bridge cables --- dislocation microstructure --- fractal analysis --- plasticity --- representative volume element --- dislocation structure --- dislocation correlations --- dislocation avalanches --- nanotwin --- nanograin --- Au–Cu alloy --- micro-compression --- Cu-Zr --- ECAP --- deformation --- quasi-stationary --- subgrains --- grains --- coarsening --- Cu–Zr --- ultrafine-grained material --- dynamic recovery --- transient --- load change tests --- Charpy impact test --- GMAW --- additive manufacturing --- secondary cracks --- anisotropy --- linear flow splitting --- crystal plasticity --- DAMASK --- texture --- EBSD --- crack tip dislocations --- TEM --- grain rotation --- fatigue --- dislocation configurations --- residual stress --- indentation --- serration --- temperature --- dislocation --- artificial aging --- solid solution --- loading curvature --- aluminum alloy --- holistic approach --- dislocation group dynamics --- dynamic factor --- dislocation pile-up --- yield stress --- dislocation creep --- fatigue crack growth rate

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The papers collected in this special issue clearly reflect the modern research trends in materials science. These fields of specific attention are high-Mn TWIP steels, high-Cr heat resistant steels, aluminum alloys, ultrafine grained materials including those developed by severe plastic deformation, and high-entropy alloys. The major portion of the collected papers is focused on the mechanisms of microstructure evolution and the mechanical properties of metallic materials subjected to various thermo-mechanical, deformation or heat treatments. Another large portion of the studies is aimed on the elaboration of alloying design of advanced steels and alloys. The changes in phase content, transformation and particle precipitation and their effect on the properties are also broadly presented in this collection, including the microstructure/property changes caused by irradiation.

n/a --- microstructure --- high-pressure torsion --- electron backscattered diffraction --- grain boundary engineering --- strengthening mechanism --- precipitation --- recrystallization --- bimodal ferrite steel --- transmission electron microscopy (TEM) --- hot compression --- metal–matrix composite --- columnar grain --- shape memory alloy --- hardness --- structural steel plate --- dynamic recovery --- nonmetallic inclusions --- SEM --- Cu-Al-Mn --- ferritic steel --- strain rate --- strengthening --- elastocaloric effect --- Mg–Sm–Zn–Zr --- dynamic recrystallization --- growth rate --- corrosion resistance --- lead-free solder --- high-Mn TWIP steel --- Sn-8.0Sb-3.0Ag --- SDSS --- measuring temperature --- texture --- martensitic steels --- dynamic precipitation --- nanoindentation --- Al-Fe-Si-Zr system --- low-temperature --- orientation relationship --- M23C6 --- PWHT --- grain refinement --- force peak --- aging --- cycle time --- amorphization --- Al metal matrix composites --- aluminum alloys --- in situ tensile testing --- microstructure evolution --- Cu-Cr-Zr --- irradiation --- EBSD --- welded rotor --- ?-phase --- high-entropy alloys --- creep --- martensitic expansion --- super duplex stainless steel --- mechanical properties --- high-Mn steel --- ion irradiation --- austenitic 304 stainless steels --- impact toughness --- cold rolling --- ultrafine-grained microstructure --- press hardening --- mechanical property --- recovery --- annealing --- deformation twinning --- post-weld heat treatment --- rare earth control --- abnormal grain growth --- electron microscopy --- sub-merged arc welding --- M6C --- RAFM steels --- microstructure analysis --- electrical resistivity --- twinning --- Sb solder --- work hardening --- microhardness --- hot stamping --- weld metal --- electrical conductivity --- solder microstructure --- annealing twins --- metal-matrix composite --- Mg-Sm-Zn-Zr