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This book discusses the design and performance analysis of SDRAM controllers that cater to both real-time and best-effort applications, i.e. mixed-time-criticality memory controllers. The authors describe the state of the art, and then focus on an architecture template for reconfigurable memory controllers that addresses effectively the quickly evolving set of SDRAM standards, in terms of worst-case timing and power analysis, as well as implementation. A prototype implementation of the controller in SystemC and synthesizable VHDL for an FPGA development board are used as a proof of concept of the architecture template.

Electrical Engineering --- Electrical & Computer Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Embedded computer systems --- Dynamic random access memory. --- Programmable controllers. --- Programming. --- Controllers, Programmable --- DRAM (Dynamic random access memory) --- Electronic controllers --- Automatic control --- Random access memory --- Semiconductor storage devices --- Systems engineering. --- Computer science. --- Electronics. --- Circuits and Systems. --- Processor Architectures. --- Electronics and Microelectronics, Instrumentation. --- Electrical engineering --- Physical sciences --- Informatics --- Science --- Engineering systems --- System engineering --- Engineering --- Industrial engineering --- System analysis --- Design and construction --- Electronic circuits. --- Microprocessors. --- Microelectronics. --- Microminiature electronic equipment --- Microminiaturization (Electronics) --- Electronics --- Microtechnology --- Semiconductors --- Miniature electronic equipment --- Minicomputers --- Electron-tube circuits --- Electric circuits --- Electron tubes

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This book covers the design of next generation microprocessors in deep submicron CMOS technologies. The chapters in Design of High Performance Microprocessor Circuits were written by some of the world's leading technologists, designers, and researchers. All levels of system abstraction are covered, but the emphasis rests squarely on circuit design. Examples are drawn from processors designed at AMD, Digital/Compaq, IBM, Intel, MIPS, Mitsubishi, and Motorola. Each topic of this invaluable reference stands alone so the chapters can be read in any order. The following topics are covered in depth:. Architectural constraints of CMOS VLSI design. Technology scaling, low-power devices, SOI, and process variations. Contemporary design styles including a survey of logic families, robust dynamic circuits, asynchronous logic, self-timed pipelines, and fast arithmetic units. Latches, clocks and clock distribution, phase-locked and delay-locked loops. Register file, cache memory, and embedded DRAM design. High-speed signaling techniques and I/O design. ESD, electromigration, and hot-carrier reliability. CAD tools, including timing verification and the analysis of power distribution schemes. Test and testability Design of High-Performance Microprocessor Circuits assumes a basic knowledge of digital circuit design and device operation, and covers a broad range of circuit styles and VLSI design techniques. Packed with practical know-how, it is an indispensable reference for practicing circuit designers, architects, system designers, CAD tool developers, process technologists, and researchers. It is also an essential text for VLSI design courses.

Microprocessors --- Logic circuits. --- Design and construction. --- Logic circuits --- 681.31 --- CISC complex instruction set computers --- CMOS complementary metal oxide semiconductor --- DRAM dynamic random access memory --- embedded systemen --- microprocessoren --- ontwerpen --- VLSI very large scale integration --- 621.3'7 --- Circuits, Logic --- Computers --- Digital electronics --- Electronic circuits --- Interface circuits --- Switching circuits --- Switching theory --- 621.3'7 Electrical engineering--?'7 --- Electrical engineering--?'7 --- Design and construction --- Computerarchitectuur. Informaticahardware --- Circuits --- Microprocessors - Design and construction

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In this book, we aim to address the ever-advancing progress in microelectronic device scaling. Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) devices continue to endure miniaturization, irrespective of the seeming physical limitations, helped by advancing fabrication techniques. We observe that miniaturization does not always refer to the latest technology node for digital transistors. Rather, by applying novel materials and device geometries, a significant reduction in the size of microelectronic devices for a broad set of applications can be achieved. The achievements made in the scaling of devices for applications beyond digital logic (e.g., high power, optoelectronics, and sensors) are taking the forefront in microelectronic miniaturization. Furthermore, all these achievements are assisted by improvements in the simulation and modeling of the involved materials and device structures. In particular, process and device technology computer-aided design (TCAD) has become indispensable in the design cycle of novel devices and technologies. It is our sincere hope that the results provided in this Special Issue prove useful to scientists and engineers who find themselves at the forefront of this rapidly evolving and broadening field. Now, more than ever, it is essential to look for solutions to find the next disrupting technologies which will allow for transistor miniaturization well beyond silicon’s physical limits and the current state-of-the-art. This requires a broad attack, including studies of novel and innovative designs as well as emerging materials which are becoming more application-specific than ever before.

Research & information: general --- Mathematics & science --- FinFETs --- CMOS --- device processing --- integrated circuits --- silicon carbide (SiC) metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) --- solid state circuit breaker (SSCB) --- prototype --- circuit design --- GaN --- HEMT --- high gate --- multi-recessed buffer --- power density --- power-added efficiency --- 4H-SiC --- MESFET --- IMRD structure --- power added efficiency --- 1200 V SiC MOSFET --- body diode --- surge reliability --- silvaco simulation --- floating gate transistor --- control gate --- CMOS device --- active noise control --- vacuum channel --- mean free path --- vertical air-channel diode --- vertical transistor --- field emission --- particle trajectory model --- F-N plot --- space-charge-limited currents --- 4H-SiC MESFET --- simulation --- power added efficiency (PAE) --- new device --- three-input transistor --- T-channel --- compact circuit style --- CMOS compatible technology --- avalanche photodiode --- SPICE model --- bandwidth --- high responsivity --- silicon photodiode --- AlGaN/GaN HEMTs --- thermal simulation --- transient channel temperature --- pulse width --- gate structures --- band-to-band tunnelling (BTBT) --- tunnelling field-effect transistor (TFET) --- germanium-around-source gate-all-around TFET (GAS GAA TFET) --- average subthreshold swing --- direct source-to-drain tunneling --- transport effective mass --- confinement effective mass --- multi-subband ensemble Monte Carlo --- non-equilibrium Green's function --- DGSOI --- FinFET --- core-insulator --- gate-all-around --- field effect transistor --- GAA --- nanowire --- one-transistor dynamic random-access memory (1T-DRAM) --- polysilicon --- grain boundary --- electron trapping --- flexible transistors --- polymers --- metal oxides --- nanocomposites --- dielectrics --- active layers --- nanotransistor --- quantum transport --- Landauer-Büttiker formalism --- R-matrix method --- nanoscale --- mosfet --- quantum current --- surface transfer doping --- 2D hole gas (2DHG) --- diamond --- MoO3 --- V2O5 --- MOSFET --- reliability --- random telegraph noise --- oxide defects --- SiO2 --- split-gate trench power MOSFET --- multiple epitaxial layers --- specific on-resistance --- device reliability --- nanoscale transistor --- bias temperature instabilities (BTI) --- defects --- single-defect spectroscopy --- non-radiative multiphonon (NMP) model --- time-dependent defect spectroscopy --- FinFETs --- CMOS --- device processing --- integrated circuits --- silicon carbide (SiC) metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) --- solid state circuit breaker (SSCB) --- prototype --- circuit design --- GaN --- HEMT --- high gate --- multi-recessed buffer --- power density --- power-added efficiency --- 4H-SiC --- MESFET --- IMRD structure --- power added efficiency --- 1200 V SiC MOSFET --- body diode --- surge reliability --- silvaco simulation --- floating gate transistor --- control gate --- CMOS device --- active noise control --- vacuum channel --- mean free path --- vertical air-channel diode --- vertical transistor --- field emission --- particle trajectory model --- F-N plot --- space-charge-limited currents --- 4H-SiC MESFET --- simulation --- power added efficiency (PAE) --- new device --- three-input transistor --- T-channel --- compact circuit style --- CMOS compatible technology --- avalanche photodiode --- SPICE model --- bandwidth --- high responsivity --- silicon photodiode --- AlGaN/GaN HEMTs --- thermal simulation --- transient channel temperature --- pulse width --- gate structures --- band-to-band tunnelling (BTBT) --- tunnelling field-effect transistor (TFET) --- germanium-around-source gate-all-around TFET (GAS GAA TFET) --- average subthreshold swing --- direct source-to-drain tunneling --- transport effective mass --- confinement effective mass --- multi-subband ensemble Monte Carlo --- non-equilibrium Green's function --- DGSOI --- FinFET --- core-insulator --- gate-all-around --- field effect transistor --- GAA --- nanowire --- one-transistor dynamic random-access memory (1T-DRAM) --- polysilicon --- grain boundary --- electron trapping --- flexible transistors --- polymers --- metal oxides --- nanocomposites --- dielectrics --- active layers --- nanotransistor --- quantum transport --- Landauer-Büttiker formalism --- R-matrix method --- nanoscale --- mosfet --- quantum current --- surface transfer doping --- 2D hole gas (2DHG) --- diamond --- MoO3 --- V2O5 --- MOSFET --- reliability --- random telegraph noise --- oxide defects --- SiO2 --- split-gate trench power MOSFET --- multiple epitaxial layers --- specific on-resistance --- device reliability --- nanoscale transistor --- bias temperature instabilities (BTI) --- defects --- single-defect spectroscopy --- non-radiative multiphonon (NMP) model --- time-dependent defect spectroscopy

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• Reference Manager
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In this book, we aim to address the ever-advancing progress in microelectronic device scaling. Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) devices continue to endure miniaturization, irrespective of the seeming physical limitations, helped by advancing fabrication techniques. We observe that miniaturization does not always refer to the latest technology node for digital transistors. Rather, by applying novel materials and device geometries, a significant reduction in the size of microelectronic devices for a broad set of applications can be achieved. The achievements made in the scaling of devices for applications beyond digital logic (e.g., high power, optoelectronics, and sensors) are taking the forefront in microelectronic miniaturization. Furthermore, all these achievements are assisted by improvements in the simulation and modeling of the involved materials and device structures. In particular, process and device technology computer-aided design (TCAD) has become indispensable in the design cycle of novel devices and technologies. It is our sincere hope that the results provided in this Special Issue prove useful to scientists and engineers who find themselves at the forefront of this rapidly evolving and broadening field. Now, more than ever, it is essential to look for solutions to find the next disrupting technologies which will allow for transistor miniaturization well beyond silicon’s physical limits and the current state-of-the-art. This requires a broad attack, including studies of novel and innovative designs as well as emerging materials which are becoming more application-specific than ever before.

FinFETs --- CMOS --- device processing --- integrated circuits --- silicon carbide (SiC) metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) --- solid state circuit breaker (SSCB) --- prototype --- circuit design --- GaN --- HEMT --- high gate --- multi-recessed buffer --- power density --- power-added efficiency --- 4H-SiC --- MESFET --- IMRD structure --- power added efficiency --- 1200 V SiC MOSFET --- body diode --- surge reliability --- silvaco simulation --- floating gate transistor --- control gate --- CMOS device --- active noise control --- vacuum channel --- mean free path --- vertical air-channel diode --- vertical transistor --- field emission --- particle trajectory model --- F–N plot --- space-charge-limited currents --- 4H-SiC MESFET --- simulation --- power added efficiency (PAE) --- new device --- three-input transistor --- T-channel --- compact circuit style --- CMOS compatible technology --- avalanche photodiode --- SPICE model --- bandwidth --- high responsivity --- silicon photodiode --- AlGaN/GaN HEMTs --- thermal simulation --- transient channel temperature --- pulse width --- gate structures --- band-to-band tunnelling (BTBT) --- tunnelling field-effect transistor (TFET) --- germanium-around-source gate-all-around TFET (GAS GAA TFET) --- average subthreshold swing --- direct source-to-drain tunneling --- transport effective mass --- confinement effective mass --- multi-subband ensemble Monte Carlo --- non-equilibrium Green’s function --- DGSOI --- FinFET --- core-insulator --- gate-all-around --- field effect transistor --- GAA --- nanowire --- one-transistor dynamic random-access memory (1T-DRAM) --- polysilicon --- grain boundary --- electron trapping --- flexible transistors --- polymers --- metal oxides --- nanocomposites --- dielectrics --- active layers --- nanotransistor --- quantum transport --- Landauer–Büttiker formalism --- R-matrix method --- nanoscale --- mosfet --- quantum current --- surface transfer doping --- 2D hole gas (2DHG) --- diamond --- MoO3 --- V2O5 --- MOSFET --- reliability --- random telegraph noise --- oxide defects --- SiO2 --- split-gate trench power MOSFET --- multiple epitaxial layers --- specific on-resistance --- device reliability --- nanoscale transistor --- bias temperature instabilities (BTI) --- defects --- single-defect spectroscopy --- non-radiative multiphonon (NMP) model --- time-dependent defect spectroscopy --- n/a --- F-N plot --- non-equilibrium Green's function --- Landauer-Büttiker formalism