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Dissertation
The application of dual-fuel technology in inland waterway tankers
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Year: 2012 Publisher: Liège Université de Liège (ULiège)

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Abstract

According to the environmental organization – OCEANA, the global shipping industry is the 6th largest producer of greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore it is necessary to reduce the contribution of shipping to global emission. The main goal of this thesis is to review the application of environmentally friendly (“green”) engine technology with minimum environmental impacts and high energy efficiency in inland waterway tankers based on inland navigation regulation for the European river Rhine. The nature of inland shipping, which passes through or close to major population centers, makes Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) – a clean fuel with lean burn combustion characteristics and low level of exhaust emissions an attractive way to reduce harmful local emissions. In the first two chapters, the thesis provides an introduction into the European inland shipping sector, describing its main classification rules, technical and operational requirements which are necessary to comply with in developing and building the new “green” inland vessel. 

In the following chapter, the state-of-the-art in inland vessel design is explained and analyzed with focus on two types of double-hull inland waterway tankers: oil/chemical tanker and gas tanker. In chapter four, different types of fuel such as Marine Diesel Oil (MDO), Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) and the combination of MDO and LNG (dual-fuel technology) in one engine are described. Chapter five mainly describes and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of different engine types: traditional marine diesel, gas and dual-fuel engines. Chapter six discusses and analyzes different types of propulsion configuration. These preliminary steps are necessary to evaluate the most favorable main engine type and propulsion configuration. 

The most favorable option is the dual-fuel engine concept with a compact propulsion configuration. This combination is the best alternative mainly due to its fuel flexibility and it allows naval architects to find the most optimal general arrangement. The efforts in chapter seven focus on reviewing the application of dual-fuel technology in inland chemical tankers of waterway class IV driven by compact hybrid-azipod propulsion system.


Book
Internal Combustion Engines Improving Performance, Fuel Economy and Emissions
Authors: ---
Year: 2020 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

This Special Issue, consisting of 14 papers, presents the latest findings concerning both numerical and experimental investigations. Their aim is to achieve a reduction in pollutant emissions, as well as an improvement in fuel economy and performance, for internal combustion engines. This will provide readers with a comprehensive, unbiased, and scientifically sound overview of the most recent research and technological developments in this field. More specific topics include: 3D CFD detailed analysis of the fuel injection, combustion and exhaust aftertreatments processes, 1D and 0D, semi-empirical, neural network-based control-oriented models, experimental analysis and the optimization of both conventional and innovative combustion processes.

Keywords

History of engineering & technology --- homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) --- exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) --- dual-fuel --- dimethyl ether (DME) --- exhaust emission --- co-combustion --- dual fuel --- combustion stability --- coefficient of variation of IMEP --- probability density of IMEP --- 0D model --- predictive model --- tumble --- turbulent intensity --- spark-ignition engine --- engine geometry --- AdBlue® injection --- large eddy simulation --- Eulerian–Lagrangian approach --- thermal decomposition --- wall–film formation --- conversion efficiency --- hybrid electric vehicle --- real driving emissions --- fuel consumption --- vehicle performance --- electric supercharger --- Lambda-1 engine --- 48 V Mild Hybrid --- electrically assisted turbocharger --- variable geometry turbocharger-exhaust gas recirculation --- oxygen concentration --- active disturbance rejection control --- model-based --- control --- diesel engine --- ANN --- physics-based model --- semi-empirical model --- CNG --- diesel fuel --- dual fuel engine --- rate of heat release --- ignition delay --- burn duration --- exhaust gas emission --- camless --- electromagnetic variable valve train --- magnetorheological buffer --- soft landing --- solenoid injectors --- indirect-acting piezoelectric injectors --- direct-acting piezoelectric injectors --- engine-out emissions --- combustion noise --- diesel engines --- pollutant emission reduction --- mixing process --- advanced injection strategy --- varying injection rate --- engine torque estimation --- GDI engines --- extended state observer --- online performance --- torque --- nitrogen oxide emissions --- model-based control --- engines --- numerical simulation --- pollutant emissions prediction --- computational fluid dynamics --- homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) --- exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) --- dual-fuel --- dimethyl ether (DME) --- exhaust emission --- co-combustion --- dual fuel --- combustion stability --- coefficient of variation of IMEP --- probability density of IMEP --- 0D model --- predictive model --- tumble --- turbulent intensity --- spark-ignition engine --- engine geometry --- AdBlue® injection --- large eddy simulation --- Eulerian–Lagrangian approach --- thermal decomposition --- wall–film formation --- conversion efficiency --- hybrid electric vehicle --- real driving emissions --- fuel consumption --- vehicle performance --- electric supercharger --- Lambda-1 engine --- 48 V Mild Hybrid --- electrically assisted turbocharger --- variable geometry turbocharger-exhaust gas recirculation --- oxygen concentration --- active disturbance rejection control --- model-based --- control --- diesel engine --- ANN --- physics-based model --- semi-empirical model --- CNG --- diesel fuel --- dual fuel engine --- rate of heat release --- ignition delay --- burn duration --- exhaust gas emission --- camless --- electromagnetic variable valve train --- magnetorheological buffer --- soft landing --- solenoid injectors --- indirect-acting piezoelectric injectors --- direct-acting piezoelectric injectors --- engine-out emissions --- combustion noise --- diesel engines --- pollutant emission reduction --- mixing process --- advanced injection strategy --- varying injection rate --- engine torque estimation --- GDI engines --- extended state observer --- online performance --- torque --- nitrogen oxide emissions --- model-based control --- engines --- numerical simulation --- pollutant emissions prediction --- computational fluid dynamics


Book
Production of Biofuels and Numerical Modeling of Chemical Combustion Systems
Authors: ---
Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

Biofuels have recently attracted a lot of attention, mainly as alternative fuels for applications in energy generation and transportation. The utilization of biofuels in such controlled combustion processes has the great advantage of not depleting the limited resources of fossil fuels while leading to emissions of greenhouse gases and smoke particles similar to those of fossil fuels. On the other hand, a vast amount of biofuels are subjected to combustion in small-scale processes, such as for heating and cooking in residential dwellings, as well as in agricultural operations, such as crop residue removal and land clearing. In addition, large amounts of biomass are consumed annually during forest and savanna fires in many parts of the world. These types of burning processes are typically uncontrolled and unregulated. Consequently, the emissions from these processes may be larger compared to industrial-type operations. Aside from direct effects on human health, especially due to a sizeable fraction of the smoke emissions remaining inside residential homes, the smoke particles and gases released from uncontrolled biofuel combustion impose significant effects on the regional and global climate. Estimates have shown the majority of carbonaceous airborne particulate matter to be derived from the combustion of biofuels and biomass. “Production of Biofuels and Numerical Modelling of Chemical Combustion Systems” comprehensively overviews and includes in-depth technical research papers addressing recent progress in biofuel production and combustion processes. To be specific, this book contains sixteen high-quality studies (fifteen research papers and one review paper) addressing techniques and methods for bioenergy and biofuel production as well as challenges in the broad area of process modelling and control in combustion processes.

Keywords

microalgae --- hydrothermal liquefaction --- pretreatment --- low O and N biocrude --- biodiesel --- esterification --- free fatty acids --- glycerol --- waste cooking oil --- Computational Fluid Dynamics --- two-stroke --- dual-fuel engine --- simulation --- pre-combustion chamber --- internal combustion engine --- particulate matter emissions --- biomorphic silicon carbide --- vegetal waste --- diesel particulate filter --- biocrude --- metal-oxide catalyst --- bioethanol --- dilute acid pretreatment --- enzymatic hydrolysis --- olive stones --- Pachysolen tannophilus --- response surface methodology --- compression ignition --- direct injection --- cryogenic gas --- diesel engines --- dual fuel engines --- natural gas --- greenhouse gas emissions --- particulate matter --- carotenoids --- extremophiles --- microalgal biotechnology --- eucalyptus kraft lignin --- tree leaf --- pellet --- additive --- biofuel --- circular economy --- piston bowl --- alternative fuel --- vanes --- emulsified biofuel --- combustion --- gasification --- olive --- olive oils --- olive-pruning debris --- olive pomaces --- pyrolysis --- biogas --- environmental impact --- life cycle assessment --- olive pomace --- sustainability --- TGA --- hemicellulose --- cellulose --- lignin --- pseudocomponent kinetic model --- biomass --- culture --- scale-up --- Phaeodactylum tricornutum --- burning characteristics --- fatty acid methyl ester --- added water content --- fuel structure --- distillation temperature --- layered double hydroxide --- toluene steam reforming --- tar --- Ni-based catalyst --- hydrotalcite --- hydrogen production --- n/a


Book
Production of Biofuels and Numerical Modeling of Chemical Combustion Systems
Authors: ---
Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

Biofuels have recently attracted a lot of attention, mainly as alternative fuels for applications in energy generation and transportation. The utilization of biofuels in such controlled combustion processes has the great advantage of not depleting the limited resources of fossil fuels while leading to emissions of greenhouse gases and smoke particles similar to those of fossil fuels. On the other hand, a vast amount of biofuels are subjected to combustion in small-scale processes, such as for heating and cooking in residential dwellings, as well as in agricultural operations, such as crop residue removal and land clearing. In addition, large amounts of biomass are consumed annually during forest and savanna fires in many parts of the world. These types of burning processes are typically uncontrolled and unregulated. Consequently, the emissions from these processes may be larger compared to industrial-type operations. Aside from direct effects on human health, especially due to a sizeable fraction of the smoke emissions remaining inside residential homes, the smoke particles and gases released from uncontrolled biofuel combustion impose significant effects on the regional and global climate. Estimates have shown the majority of carbonaceous airborne particulate matter to be derived from the combustion of biofuels and biomass. “Production of Biofuels and Numerical Modelling of Chemical Combustion Systems” comprehensively overviews and includes in-depth technical research papers addressing recent progress in biofuel production and combustion processes. To be specific, this book contains sixteen high-quality studies (fifteen research papers and one review paper) addressing techniques and methods for bioenergy and biofuel production as well as challenges in the broad area of process modelling and control in combustion processes.

Keywords

Research & information: general --- Technology: general issues --- microalgae --- hydrothermal liquefaction --- pretreatment --- low O and N biocrude --- biodiesel --- esterification --- free fatty acids --- glycerol --- waste cooking oil --- Computational Fluid Dynamics --- two-stroke --- dual-fuel engine --- simulation --- pre-combustion chamber --- internal combustion engine --- particulate matter emissions --- biomorphic silicon carbide --- vegetal waste --- diesel particulate filter --- biocrude --- metal-oxide catalyst --- bioethanol --- dilute acid pretreatment --- enzymatic hydrolysis --- olive stones --- Pachysolen tannophilus --- response surface methodology --- compression ignition --- direct injection --- cryogenic gas --- diesel engines --- dual fuel engines --- natural gas --- greenhouse gas emissions --- particulate matter --- carotenoids --- extremophiles --- microalgal biotechnology --- eucalyptus kraft lignin --- tree leaf --- pellet --- additive --- biofuel --- circular economy --- piston bowl --- alternative fuel --- vanes --- emulsified biofuel --- combustion --- gasification --- olive --- olive oils --- olive-pruning debris --- olive pomaces --- pyrolysis --- biogas --- environmental impact --- life cycle assessment --- olive pomace --- sustainability --- TGA --- hemicellulose --- cellulose --- lignin --- pseudocomponent kinetic model --- biomass --- culture --- scale-up --- Phaeodactylum tricornutum --- burning characteristics --- fatty acid methyl ester --- added water content --- fuel structure --- distillation temperature --- layered double hydroxide --- toluene steam reforming --- tar --- Ni-based catalyst --- hydrotalcite --- hydrogen production --- microalgae --- hydrothermal liquefaction --- pretreatment --- low O and N biocrude --- biodiesel --- esterification --- free fatty acids --- glycerol --- waste cooking oil --- Computational Fluid Dynamics --- two-stroke --- dual-fuel engine --- simulation --- pre-combustion chamber --- internal combustion engine --- particulate matter emissions --- biomorphic silicon carbide --- vegetal waste --- diesel particulate filter --- biocrude --- metal-oxide catalyst --- bioethanol --- dilute acid pretreatment --- enzymatic hydrolysis --- olive stones --- Pachysolen tannophilus --- response surface methodology --- compression ignition --- direct injection --- cryogenic gas --- diesel engines --- dual fuel engines --- natural gas --- greenhouse gas emissions --- particulate matter --- carotenoids --- extremophiles --- microalgal biotechnology --- eucalyptus kraft lignin --- tree leaf --- pellet --- additive --- biofuel --- circular economy --- piston bowl --- alternative fuel --- vanes --- emulsified biofuel --- combustion --- gasification --- olive --- olive oils --- olive-pruning debris --- olive pomaces --- pyrolysis --- biogas --- environmental impact --- life cycle assessment --- olive pomace --- sustainability --- TGA --- hemicellulose --- cellulose --- lignin --- pseudocomponent kinetic model --- biomass --- culture --- scale-up --- Phaeodactylum tricornutum --- burning characteristics --- fatty acid methyl ester --- added water content --- fuel structure --- distillation temperature --- layered double hydroxide --- toluene steam reforming --- tar --- Ni-based catalyst --- hydrotalcite --- hydrogen production


Book
Internal Combustion Engines Improving Performance, Fuel Economy and Emissions
Authors: ---
Year: 2020 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

Loading...
Export citation

Choose an application

Bookmark

Abstract

This Special Issue, consisting of 14 papers, presents the latest findings concerning both numerical and experimental investigations. Their aim is to achieve a reduction in pollutant emissions, as well as an improvement in fuel economy and performance, for internal combustion engines. This will provide readers with a comprehensive, unbiased, and scientifically sound overview of the most recent research and technological developments in this field. More specific topics include: 3D CFD detailed analysis of the fuel injection, combustion and exhaust aftertreatments processes, 1D and 0D, semi-empirical, neural network-based control-oriented models, experimental analysis and the optimization of both conventional and innovative combustion processes.

Keywords

History of engineering & technology --- homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) --- exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) --- dual-fuel --- dimethyl ether (DME) --- exhaust emission --- co-combustion --- dual fuel --- combustion stability --- coefficient of variation of IMEP --- probability density of IMEP --- 0D model --- predictive model --- tumble --- turbulent intensity --- spark-ignition engine --- engine geometry --- AdBlue® injection --- large eddy simulation --- Eulerian–Lagrangian approach --- thermal decomposition --- wall–film formation --- conversion efficiency --- hybrid electric vehicle --- real driving emissions --- fuel consumption --- vehicle performance --- electric supercharger --- Lambda-1 engine --- 48 V Mild Hybrid --- electrically assisted turbocharger --- variable geometry turbocharger-exhaust gas recirculation --- oxygen concentration --- active disturbance rejection control --- model-based --- control --- diesel engine --- ANN --- physics-based model --- semi-empirical model --- CNG --- diesel fuel --- dual fuel engine --- rate of heat release --- ignition delay --- burn duration --- exhaust gas emission --- camless --- electromagnetic variable valve train --- magnetorheological buffer --- soft landing --- solenoid injectors --- indirect-acting piezoelectric injectors --- direct-acting piezoelectric injectors --- engine-out emissions --- combustion noise --- diesel engines --- pollutant emission reduction --- mixing process --- advanced injection strategy --- varying injection rate --- engine torque estimation --- GDI engines --- extended state observer --- online performance --- torque --- nitrogen oxide emissions --- model-based control --- engines --- numerical simulation --- pollutant emissions prediction --- computational fluid dynamics


Book
Internal Combustion Engines Improving Performance, Fuel Economy and Emissions
Authors: ---
Year: 2020 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

Loading...
Export citation

Choose an application

Bookmark

Abstract

This Special Issue, consisting of 14 papers, presents the latest findings concerning both numerical and experimental investigations. Their aim is to achieve a reduction in pollutant emissions, as well as an improvement in fuel economy and performance, for internal combustion engines. This will provide readers with a comprehensive, unbiased, and scientifically sound overview of the most recent research and technological developments in this field. More specific topics include: 3D CFD detailed analysis of the fuel injection, combustion and exhaust aftertreatments processes, 1D and 0D, semi-empirical, neural network-based control-oriented models, experimental analysis and the optimization of both conventional and innovative combustion processes.

Keywords

homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) --- exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) --- dual-fuel --- dimethyl ether (DME) --- exhaust emission --- co-combustion --- dual fuel --- combustion stability --- coefficient of variation of IMEP --- probability density of IMEP --- 0D model --- predictive model --- tumble --- turbulent intensity --- spark-ignition engine --- engine geometry --- AdBlue® injection --- large eddy simulation --- Eulerian–Lagrangian approach --- thermal decomposition --- wall–film formation --- conversion efficiency --- hybrid electric vehicle --- real driving emissions --- fuel consumption --- vehicle performance --- electric supercharger --- Lambda-1 engine --- 48 V Mild Hybrid --- electrically assisted turbocharger --- variable geometry turbocharger-exhaust gas recirculation --- oxygen concentration --- active disturbance rejection control --- model-based --- control --- diesel engine --- ANN --- physics-based model --- semi-empirical model --- CNG --- diesel fuel --- dual fuel engine --- rate of heat release --- ignition delay --- burn duration --- exhaust gas emission --- camless --- electromagnetic variable valve train --- magnetorheological buffer --- soft landing --- solenoid injectors --- indirect-acting piezoelectric injectors --- direct-acting piezoelectric injectors --- engine-out emissions --- combustion noise --- diesel engines --- pollutant emission reduction --- mixing process --- advanced injection strategy --- varying injection rate --- engine torque estimation --- GDI engines --- extended state observer --- online performance --- torque --- nitrogen oxide emissions --- model-based control --- engines --- numerical simulation --- pollutant emissions prediction --- computational fluid dynamics

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