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Born out of crisis a century ago, the Federal Reserve has become the most powerful macroeconomic policymaker and financial regulator in the world. The Myth of Independence traces the Fed's transformation from a weak, secretive, and decentralized institution in 1913 to a remarkably transparent central bank a century later. Offering a unique account of Congress's role in steering this evolution, Sarah Binder and Mark Spindel explore the Fed's past, present, and future and challenge the myth of its independence.Binder and Spindel argue that recurring cycles of crisis, blame, and reform propelled lawmakers to create and revamp the powers and governance of the Fed at critical junctures, including the Panic of 1907, the Great Depression, the postwar Treasury-Fed Accord, the inflationary episode of the 1970s, and the recent financial crisis. Marshaling archival sources, interviews, and statistical analyses, the authors pinpoint political and economic dynamics that shaped interactions between the legislature and the Fed, and that have generated a far stronger central bank than anticipated at its founding. The Fed today retains its unique federal style, diluting the ability of lawmakers and the president to completely centralize control of monetary policy.In the long wake of the financial crisis, with economic prospects decidedly subpar, partisan rivals in Congress seem poised to continue battling over the Fed's statutory mandates and the powers given to achieve them. Examining the interdependent relationship between America's Congress and its central bank, The Myth of Independence presents critical insights about the future of monetary and fiscal policies that drive the nation's economy.

United States. --- United States --- Politics and government. --- 1951 Accord. --- Accountability. --- Adobe. --- Amendment. --- Annual report. --- Appointee. --- Audit. --- Balance sheet. --- Bank Holding Company Act. --- Bank run. --- Bank. --- Behalf. --- Ben Bernanke. --- Board of directors. --- Board of governors. --- Bond market. --- Bureau of Labor Statistics. --- Cambridge University Press. --- Central bank. --- Chair of the Federal Reserve. --- Commercial bank. --- Consideration. --- Craig Torres. --- Creditor. --- Criticism. --- Currency. --- Debt. --- Deflation. --- Discount window. --- District Bank. --- Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act. --- Dual mandate. --- Dummy variable (statistics). --- Economic growth. --- Economic interventionism. --- Economic policy. --- Economic power. --- Economic recovery. --- Economics. --- Economist. --- Economy of the United States. --- Economy. --- Employment. --- Expense. --- Federal Open Market Committee. --- Federal Reserve Bank. --- Federal Reserve Board of Governors. --- Financial crisis of 2007–08. --- Financial crisis. --- Financial services. --- Fiscal policy. --- Full employment. --- Governance. --- Government Accountability Office. --- Government Security. --- Government bond. --- Government debt. --- Great Recession. --- Ideology. --- Inflation targeting. --- Inflation. --- Institution. --- Interest rate. --- Investor. --- Legislation. --- Legislator. --- Legislature. --- Lehman Brothers. --- Lender of last resort. --- Monetary authority. --- Monetary policy. --- Money supply. --- Money. --- Open market operation. --- Policy. --- Politician. --- Politics. --- Provision (accounting). --- Provision (contracting). --- Quantitative easing. --- Recession. --- Republican Congress. --- Requirement. --- Reserve requirement. --- Slowdown. --- Southern Democrats. --- Stagflation. --- Statute. --- Stock market. --- Supply (economics). --- Tax. --- The New York Times. --- The Wall Street Journal. --- Tight Monetary Policy. --- Trade-off. --- Unemployment. --- United States Department of the Treasury. --- United States Treasury security. --- Voting. --- World War II.

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Het uitoefenen van een lokaal politiek mandaat vraagt heel wat inzet van de betrokkenen. Het is dan ook terecht dat er werk wordt gemaakt van een goed financieel en sociaal statuut voor de lokale verkozenen. Het statuut van de lokale mandataris zit echter ook vrij complex in elkaar. Er moet met veel verschillende aspecten rekening gehouden worden. Daarom besteden we grote zorg aan het actualiseren van deze content. Komen aan bod in deze zeventiende editie: de bezoldiging en vergoedingen van mandatarissen (incl. sociaal en fiscaal statuut), de mandatenlijsten en vermogensaangiften, het politiek verlof, de cumulatie van politieke mandaten, de pensioenregeling, de eretitels, de tuchtregeling en de onderscheidingstekens en ambtskledij. [Tekst van de website van de uitgever]

cumulatie van ambten --- status van de verkozen persoon --- mandaat --- bijkomend voordeel --- pensioenregeling --- politiek verlof --- 423.4 Gemeenten. Bestuur --- congé politique --- dopust za politično udejstvovanje --- leje për veprimtari politike --- virkavapaus poliittiseen toimintaan --- szabadságolás politikai tevékenység folytatása céljából --- permiso por actividad política --- congedo politico --- tjenestefrihed til politisk arbejde --- leave for political activities --- puhkus poliitiliseks tegevuseks --- Beurlaubung wegen politischer Betätigung --- одсуство ради политичке делатности --- politinės veiklos atostogos --- liv għal attivitajiet politiċi --- dopust za političko djelovanje --- licença para atividade política --- ledighet för politisk verksamhet --- άδεια για πολιτικούς λόγους --- отпуск за политически дейности --- saoire le haghaidh gníomhaíochtaí polaitiúla --- urlop na działalność polityczną --- politické prázdniny --- atvaļinājums politiskai darbībai --- concediu pentru activități politice --- отсуство поради политички активности --- concediu politic --- licença para actividade política --- политички одмор --- képviselőjelöltek és képviselők fizetés nélküli szabadsága --- eläkejärjestelmä --- pensionsordning --- regime pensionistico --- program emerytalny --- Altersversorgungssystem --- пензиони систем --- skema e pensioneve --- pensionssystem --- scéim pinsin --- nyugdíjrendszer --- pensiju shēma --- régime de retraite --- důchodový plán --- mirovinski sustav --- pension scheme --- skema ta’ pensjoni --- συνταξιοδοτικό σύστημα --- pokojninski načrt --- пенсионна схема --- dôchodkový plán --- plano de pensões --- plan de pensiones --- senatvės pensijų sistema --- пензиски систем --- sistem de pensii --- pensionisüsteem --- mirovina --- assicurazione per la vecchiaia --- occupational pension --- skema tal-pensjonijiet --- subsidio de vejez --- foglalkozási nyugdíj --- piano pensionistico --- dávkový plán --- ouderdomspensioen --- vecuma pensija --- pension --- magánnyugdíj --- schéma dôchodkového zabezpečenia --- σχέδιο συνταξιοδότησης --- régime de pension --- allocation vieillesse --- συνταξιοδότηση --- penzijní pojištění --- darbavietas pensija --- Rentenversicherung --- retraite --- väljateenitud pension --- vanaduspension --- seguro de vejez --- Altersruhegeld --- σύνταξη γήρατος --- alderdomspension --- Ruhegehaltsregelung --- pensionikindlustus --- alderdomsydelse --- senatvės pensija --- Altersversicherung --- Ruhegehalt --- mokslininko pensija --- State pension --- pjan pensjonali --- eläke --- пенсионнен план --- pensione di anzianità --- pensijų sistema --- emerytura --- työeläke --- пенсия за старост --- pensionsförsäkring --- regime de pensões --- старосна пензија --- pension i moshës --- pensione sociale --- důchodový program --- amžiaus pensija --- ouderdomsuitkering --- pensão de reforma --- starosna mirovina --- senatvės draudimo sistema --- pinsean scoir --- ametipension --- kansaneläke --- sochar scoir --- vanhuuseläke --- dôchodok --- starobný dôchodok --- vanaduskindlustus --- valstybinė pensija --- assegno di vecchiaia --- pension profesional --- profesinė pensija --- sistem pokojninskega zavarovanja --- nyugdíjprogram --- pinsean gairme --- subsídio de velhice --- pensione di vecchiaia --- pensionsplan --- pensión de vejez --- pension de vieillesse --- pension plan --- penzijní plán --- државна пензија --- pinsean ceirde --- pensiju plāns --- old age pension --- pensión de jubilación --- důchodové pojištění --- důchod --- öregségi nyugdíj --- Ruhegeld --- retirement pension --- seguro de velhice --- åldersförsäkring --- ασφάλεια γήρατος --- pensão de velhice --- állami nyugdíj --- folkepension --- pension de retraite --- prijevremena starosna mirovina --- riiklik pension --- pirmojo laipsnio valstybinė pensija --- plan de pensii --- pensioniskeem --- assurance vieillesse --- alderdomsforsikring --- pension shtetëror --- pensione per raggiunti limiti d'età --- štátny dôchodok --- επίδομα γήρατος --- pensie de bătrânețe --- ouderdomsverzekering --- dôchodok zo zamestnania --- indennità di vecchiaia --- pensie --- valsts pensija --- świadczenia dodatkowe --- zusätzliche Gegenleistung --- sochar imeallach --- lisäetu --- naturální mzda --- vantagem acessória --- допълнителна изгода --- complemento retributivo --- természetbeni juttatás --- papildatvieglojumi --- дополнителни бенефиции --- fringe benefit --- përfitim shtesë --- personalegode --- pogodnosti --- papildoma išmoka --- avantage accessoire --- πρόσθετες απολαβές --- löneförmån --- nepeňažná odmena --- erisoodustus --- додатне погодности --- drepturi bănești suplimentare salariului --- benefiċċji minn impjieg jew kariga --- remuneración en especie --- dodatne ugodnosti --- përfitime në natyrë --- atlīdzība praktiskas palīdzības veidā --- avantage en nature --- supplemento retributivo --- prestazione in natura --- бенефиции во натура --- naturaförmån --- zusätzliche Leistung des Arbeitgebers --- beneficiu nepecuniar la salariu --- frynsegode --- плата во натура --- natūrinė paskata --- nem pénzbeli juttatás --- supplemento retributivo in natura --- primitak u naravi --- beneficio no pecuniario --- mitterahaline hüvitis --- надоместоци во натура --- odměna v naturáliích --- privilégios acessórios --- απολαβές εις είδος --- luontoisedut --- naturálna odmena --- naturalindtægt --- benefits in kind --- pabalsts graudā --- voordeel in natura --- plaća u naravi --- papildomas atlygis --- außertarifliche Vergütung --- Sachbezüge --- virka, johon valitaan vaalilla --- mandato elettivo --- izborna funkcija --- vēlēts amats --- αιρετό αξίωμα --- mandato eletivo --- renkamosios pareigos --- избирателен мандат --- valitav ametikoht --- mandat elettorali --- volilni mandat --- elective office --- volený mandát --- mandat --- mandato electoral --- mandat i zgjedhur --- képviselői mandátum --- изборна функција --- mandat électif --- mandat przedstawicielski --- poslanecký mandát --- oifig thofa --- mandat electoral --- Wahlmandat --- mandato locale --- Gobierno dimisionario --- riiklik mandaat --- predstavniški mandat --- scheidender Abgeordneter --- оставка на избран претставник --- ametiaeg --- parlementair mandaat --- demisionējis kabinets --- membro demissionário --- pārstāvības mandāts --- mandat na lokalni ravni --- terminarea mandatului electoral --- termine del mandato elettivo --- konec funkčního období --- parlamentný mandát --- resignation of an elected representative --- mandato local --- demisionējis deputāts --- demissionair kabinet --- területi mandátum --- υπό παραίτηση υπουργικό συμβούλιο --- obligātais mandāts --- kadencja --- képviselői tevékenység --- afgående regering --- депутат в оставка --- nationalt mandat --- député démissionnaire --- ievēlētas amatpersonas demisija --- membro dimissionario --- mandat wyborczy --- local mandate --- обавезујући мандат --- koniec voleného mandátu --- мандат на представител на местната власт --- wygaśnięcie mandatu przedstawicielskiego --- mandats varighed --- képviselő lemondása --- kabinet në ikje --- iztek volilnega mandata --- durée du mandat --- mandato parlamentario --- távozó kormány --- δημοτικό αξίωμα --- atsistatydinęs narys --- mandat local --- odstupující člen --- parlamenta mandāts --- anëtar në ikje --- lokaal mandaat --- kabinett li jirriżenja --- edustajanpaikka kansanedustuslaitoksessa --- obligatorisk mandat --- lokalt mandat --- zrzeczenie się mandatu --- mandát v parlamentu --- оставка на лице, избрано чрез гласуване --- odstupující poslanec --- freies Mandat --- outgoing government --- išrinktojo atstovo atsistatydinimas --- národní mandát --- mandat national --- eroava edustaja --- διάρκεια της θητείας --- mandat lokalny --- продължителност на мандата --- Ablauf des Wahlmandats --- démission d'un élu --- mandato nacional --- membru li jirriżenja --- задължителен мандат --- εθνικό αξίωμα --- durata mandatului --- parlamentarni mandat --- fin del mandato electivo --- compulsory mandate --- repræsentativt mandat --- влада во заминување --- αντιπροσωπευτική εντολή --- mandat rappreżentattiv --- mandato imperativo --- Mandatsdauer --- mandat vendor --- задолжителен мандат --- governo dimissionario --- reprezentatívny mandát --- vázaný mandát --- místní mandát --- term of office --- durata del mandato --- представителен мандат --- deputat demisionar --- leköszönő kormány --- poslanec v odstopu --- edustajanpaikka parlamentissa --- eroava jäsen --- membru demisionar --- mandat național --- período del mandato --- šalies mandatas --- βουλευτικό αξίωμα --- edustajan eroaminen --- lokales Mandat --- saadiku tagasiastumine --- deputato dimissionario --- organ v odstopu --- atsistatydinusi vyriausybė --- mandat reprezentativ --- радиографија --- tagasiastuv liige --- gabinete demissionário --- trajanje mandata --- mandato parlamentare --- anëtar që ka hequr dorë --- képviselői megbízatás --- būtinieji įgaliojimai --- mandāta termiņa beigas --- national mandate --- παραιτηθέν μέλος --- mandat kombëtar --- влада у оставци --- rząd zdymisjonowany --- demissionair lid --- einde van de ambtstermijn --- távozó képviselő --- mandat krajowy --- volebné obdobie --- pašvaldību mandāts --- volební období --- mandat lokali --- член в оставка --- atstovavimo mandatas --- dimisión de un cargo electivo --- кабинет в оставка --- duur van het mandaat --- pakollinen toimikausi --- parlaments udløb --- národný mandát --- avgående ledamot --- volební mandát --- nationellt mandat --- mandato rappresentativo --- membre démissionnaire --- funkční období --- demisia unui deputat --- leköszönő képviselő --- helyi mandátum --- tagasiastuv saadik --- мандат --- guvern demisionar --- zastupitelský mandát --- a képviselői mandátum lejárta --- parlamentaro mandatas --- parliamentary mandate --- mandat përfaqësues --- dorëheqja e një përfaqësuesi të zgjedhur --- vietinis mandatas --- odstupujúci kabinet --- član v odstopu --- tagasiastuv valitsus --- demisia voleného zástupcu --- nario atsistatydinimas --- край на избирателния мандат --- resigning member --- mandat parlamentari --- afgående parlamentsmedlem --- representatief mandaat --- mandato nazionale --- члан владе у оставци --- βουλευτική εντολή --- fritt mandat --- indirektes Mandat --- gebundenes Mandat --- mandátumvizsgálat --- ametiaja lõppemine --- član u ostavci --- kohalik mandaat --- mandat obligatoire --- edustajanpaikka paikallishallinnossa --- deputat li jirriżenja --- miembro dimisionario --- παραίτηση αιρετού --- mandat i detyrueshëm --- mandat nazzjonali --- bundet mandat --- pilnvaru laiks --- toimikauden päättyminen --- obvezujući mandat --- nationales Mandat --- atsistatydinęs ministrų kabinetas --- Parlamentsmandat --- országos mandátum --- mandat parlementaire --- scheidendes Mitglied --- mandat në detyrë --- aftreden van een gekozen vertegenwoordiger --- локална функција --- odstupujúci poslanec --- kohustuslik mandaat --- cabinet démissionnaire --- diputado dimisionario --- odstupujúci člen --- termo do mandato eletivo --- mandato representativo --- qeveri në ikje --- gabinetto dimissionario --- nationaal mandaat --- odstupující kabinet --- vlada u odlasku --- imperativni mandat --- parlamentní mandát --- mandatperiod --- deputado demissionário --- Rücktrtitt eines Abgeordneten --- mandato vincolante --- toimikausi --- tmiem mandat elettorali --- outgoing cabinet --- mandat na nacionalni ravni --- парламентарен мандат --- avgående kabinett --- државна функција --- mandato autonómico --- duración del mandato --- трајање мандата --- demise voleného zástupce --- edustuksellinen toimikausi --- lokálny mandát --- Dauer des Mandats --- υπό παραίτηση βουλευτής --- renkamųjų pareigų kadencijos pabaiga --- kötött mandátum --- представничка функција --- ametist lahkuv saadik --- zastupnički mandat --- επιτακτική εντολή --- dimissioni di un membro eletto --- mandat parlamentarny --- scheidendes Kabinett --- członek zrzekający się mandatu --- mandat représentatif --- repräsentatives Mandat --- odstop poslanca --- оставка изабраног представника --- outgoing member --- mandat obligatoriu --- duração do mandato --- közvetlen mandátum --- poseł zrzekający się mandatu --- demisionējis loceklis --- скупштинска функција --- szabad mandátum --- parlamentarisk mandat --- mandat poselski --- mandat parlamentar --- национален мандат --- fin du mandat électif --- trvanie mandátu --- riksdagsmandat --- tul tal-mandat --- representative mandate --- imperatívny mandát --- esindusmandaat --- mandat obbligatorju --- parlamendimandaat --- eroava kabinetti --- kadencija --- verplicht mandaat --- demissão de um eleito --- Abgeordnetenrechte --- valitud isiku staatus --- статут на народния представител --- den valgtes status --- képviselői jogállás --- status tal-persuna eletta --- status of the person elected --- status izabrane osobe --- status dell'eletto --- statutul aleșilor --- statut de l'élu --- status parlamentarzysty --- išrinktojo asmens statusas --- estatuto do eleito --- καθεστώς του αιρετού άρχοντα --- stádas an duine a thoghtar --- ievēlētās personas statuss --- postavení volených zástupců --- статус на избраниот претставник --- status i personit të zgjedhur --- статус изабраног представника --- kansanedustajan asema --- štatút zvolenej osoby --- parlamentarikers ställning --- poslanski status --- estatus del elegido --- Abgeordnetenstatus --- права на избраните претставници --- parlamentarikers rättsliga ställning --- statut volených zástupců --- права на пратениците --- práva volených zástupců --- práva poslance --- status volených zástupců --- práva senátora --- választott képviselők jogállása --- verfassungsrechtlicher Status des Abgeordneten --- multiple office holding --- usean viran hoitaminen --- mitmel ametikohal olemine --- acumulação de mandatos --- kumulation af mandater --- cumul de mandats --- obnašanje nekoliko dužnosti --- akkumulazzjoni ta' mandati --- mandatkumulation --- συγκέντρωση αξιωμάτων --- daugiapareigystė --- обављање више функција --- количество мандати --- acumulación de mandatos --- amatu savienošana --- mandátumok halmozása --- cumul de mandate --- kumulácia mandátov --- Mandatshäufung --- акумулирање мандати --- kumulace mandátů --- mbajtje e disa posteve --- opravljanje več funkcij --- cumulo di mandati --- seilbh iloifigí --- kumulacja mandatów --- неспојливост на мандати --- doppio mandato --- double mandat --- mandat dublu --- dual mandate --- mandat i dyfishtë --- többes mandátum --- dvipareigystė --- dvojitý mandát --- dvojí mandát --- διπλό αξίωμα --- topeltmandaat --- duplo mandato --- Doppelmandat --- doble mandato --- kettős mandátum --- dubbel mandaat --- kumuliranje dužnosti --- спојливост на мандати --- kahden viran hoitaminen --- 423.4 Gemeenten. Bestuur. --- Public administration --- Flanders