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Approximately 40% of lung cancer patients will develop central nervous system (CNS) metastases during the course of their disease. Most of these are brain metastases, but up to 10% will develop leptomeningeal metastases. Known risk factors for CNS metastases development are small cell lung cancer (SCLC), adenocarcinoma histology, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutant or anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearranged lung cancer, advanced nodal status, tumor stage and younger age. CNS metastases can have a negative impact on quality of life (QoL) and overall survival (OS). The proportion of lung cancer patients diagnosed with CNS metastases has increased over the years due to increased use of brain imaging as part of initial cancer staging, advances in imaging techniques and better systemic disease control. Post contrast gadolinium enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (gd-MRI) is preferred, however when this is contra-indicated a contrast enhanced computed tomography (CE-CT) is mentioned as an alternative option. When CNS metastases are diagnosed, local treatment options consist of radiotherapy (stereotactic or whole brain) and surgery. Local treatment can be complicated by symptomatic radiation necrosis for which no high level evidence based treatment exists. Moreover, differential diagnosis with metastasis progression is difficult. Systemic treatment options have expanded over the last years. Until recently, chemotherapy was the only treatment option with a poor penetration in the CNS. Angiogenesis inhibitors are promising in the treatment of primary CNS tumors as well as radiation necrosis but clinical trials of anti-angiogenic agents in NSCLC have largely excluded patients with CNS metastases. Furthermore, research has also focused on methods to prevent development of CNS disease, for example with prophylactic cranial irradiation. Recently, checkpoint inhibitors have become available for NSCLC patients, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have improved prognosis significantly in those with a druggable driver mutation. Newer TKIs are often designed to have better CNS penetration compared to first-generation TKIs. Despite advances in treatment options CNS metastases remain a problem in lung cancer and cause morbidity and mortality. This Research Topic provides an extensive resource of articles describing advances in CNS metastases management in lung cancer patients, from prevention to diagnosis and treatment.

lung cancer --- driver mutations --- treatment --- brain metastases --- leptomeningeal metastases --- cranial radiation --- prediction --- diagnosis

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Approximately 40% of lung cancer patients will develop central nervous system (CNS) metastases during the course of their disease. Most of these are brain metastases, but up to 10% will develop leptomeningeal metastases. Known risk factors for CNS metastases development are small cell lung cancer (SCLC), adenocarcinoma histology, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutant or anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearranged lung cancer, advanced nodal status, tumor stage and younger age. CNS metastases can have a negative impact on quality of life (QoL) and overall survival (OS). The proportion of lung cancer patients diagnosed with CNS metastases has increased over the years due to increased use of brain imaging as part of initial cancer staging, advances in imaging techniques and better systemic disease control. Post contrast gadolinium enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (gd-MRI) is preferred, however when this is contra-indicated a contrast enhanced computed tomography (CE-CT) is mentioned as an alternative option. When CNS metastases are diagnosed, local treatment options consist of radiotherapy (stereotactic or whole brain) and surgery. Local treatment can be complicated by symptomatic radiation necrosis for which no high level evidence based treatment exists. Moreover, differential diagnosis with metastasis progression is difficult. Systemic treatment options have expanded over the last years. Until recently, chemotherapy was the only treatment option with a poor penetration in the CNS. Angiogenesis inhibitors are promising in the treatment of primary CNS tumors as well as radiation necrosis but clinical trials of anti-angiogenic agents in NSCLC have largely excluded patients with CNS metastases. Furthermore, research has also focused on methods to prevent development of CNS disease, for example with prophylactic cranial irradiation. Recently, checkpoint inhibitors have become available for NSCLC patients, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have improved prognosis significantly in those with a druggable driver mutation. Newer TKIs are often designed to have better CNS penetration compared to first-generation TKIs. Despite advances in treatment options CNS metastases remain a problem in lung cancer and cause morbidity and mortality. This Research Topic provides an extensive resource of articles describing advances in CNS metastases management in lung cancer patients, from prevention to diagnosis and treatment.

lung cancer --- driver mutations --- treatment --- brain metastases --- leptomeningeal metastases --- cranial radiation --- prediction --- diagnosis

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This book includes 17 papers published in the Special Issue/Article Collection “New Insights in the Genetics and Genomics of adrenocortical tumors and pheochromocytomas” including an editorial, 10 research papers and six review articles. Adrenal tumors represent a hot topic in contemporary endocrine oncology. Significant advancements in the genetics of genomics of these tumors have been made in recent years, and these articles give a useful and comprehensive overview of these issues. Questions regarding molecular pathogenesis, diagnosis (biomarkers) and even treatment are discussed in the papers written by international leaders of the field. Manuscripts are focused on three main topics: i. primary aldosteronism (the most common cause of secondary endocrine hypertension), ii. adrenocortical cancer and iii. pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma, which are the tumors with the highest heritability in humans. The book is edited by Prof. Peter Igaz (Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University).

Medicine --- pheochromocytoma --- paraganglioma --- genetics --- non-coding RNA --- malignancy --- biomarker --- treatment --- adaptive metabolism --- adrenal gland --- conn adenoma --- fatty acid metabolism --- ferroptosis --- hyperaldosteronism --- metabolic reprogramming --- β-oxidation --- PPARα --- tumor microenvironment --- Next Generation Sequencing --- hereditary cancer --- endocrine tumor syndrome --- KCNJ5 somatic mutation --- pulse wave velocity --- aldosterone-producing adenoma --- adrenalectomy --- propensity score matching --- arterial stiffness --- pheochromocytomas --- paragangliomas --- mutations --- susceptibility genes --- driver mutations --- hereditary --- germline --- somatic --- environment --- variants --- tumor suppressor genes --- metastatic --- RNAseq --- next generation sequencing --- adrenocortical carcinoma --- in silico analysis --- machine learning --- bioinformatic clustering --- biomarker prediction --- aldosterone producing adenoma --- ATP2B3 --- K416-F418delinsN mutation --- primary aldosteronism --- PPGL --- telomeres --- TERT --- ATRX --- NOP10 --- prognostic biomarker --- ALT --- phaeochromocytoma --- cancer --- mitochondrial complex II --- zebrafish --- therapy --- drug discovery --- redox balance pathway --- Vitamin C --- mitotane --- H295 strains --- microRNA --- aldosterone --- circulating --- adrenocortical --- transcriptomics --- epigenetics --- metabolomics --- epidemiology --- genetic analysis --- mortality --- surveillance --- TP53 R337H --- genetic testing --- adrenocortical tumor --- neonatal screening --- screening --- adenoma --- adrenal --- tissue --- artificial intelligence --- neural network

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Medical centers are widely recognized as vital components of the healthcare system. However, academic medical centers are differentiated from their community counterparts by their mission, which typically focuses on clinical care, education, and research. Nonetheless, community clinics/hospitals fill a critical need and play a complementary role serving as the primary sites for health care in most communities. Furthermore, it is now increasingly recognized that in addition to physicians, physician-scientists, and other healthcare-related professionals, basic research scientists also contribute significantly to the emerging inter- and cross-disciplinary, team-oriented culture of translational science. Therefore, approaches that combine the knowledge, skills, experience, expertise, and visions of clinicians in academic medical centers and their affiliated community centers and hospitals, together with basic research scientists, are critical in shaping the emerging culture of translational research so that patients from the urban as well as suburban settings can avail the benefits of the latest developments in science and medicine. ‘Integrating Clinical and Translational Research Networks—Building Team Medicine’ is an embodiment of this ethos at the City of Hope National Medical Center in Duarte, California. It includes a series of papers authored by teams of leading clinicians, basic research scientists, and translational researchers. The authors discuss how engaging and collaborating with community-based practices, where the majority of older patients with cancer receive their care, can ensure that these patients receive the highest-quality, evidence-based care. Based on our collective experience at City of Hope, we would like to stress that the success of academic-community collaborative programs not only depends on the goodwill and vision of the participants but also on the medical administration, academic leadership, and policymakers who define the principles and rules by which cooperation within the health care industry occurs. We trust that our experience embodied in this singular compendium will serve as a ‘Rosetta Stone’ for other institutions and practitioners.

Medicine --- renal cell carcinoma --- team medicine --- translational research --- community practice --- clinical trials --- geriatric oncology --- older adults --- cancer clinical trials --- recruitment --- community --- team science --- bladder cancer --- urothelial carcinoma --- COVID-19 --- team-based medicine --- colorectal cancer --- precisian medicine --- academic and community oncology --- cancer center --- lung cancer --- lung cancer screening --- low-dose CT scans --- cancer prevention --- smoking cessation --- tobacco control --- national guidelines for screening and prevention --- pharmaceutical aids to smoking cessation --- non-small cell lung cancer --- driver mutations --- testing rates --- receptor tyrosine kinases --- actionable mutations --- next-generation sequencing --- fast-and-frugal trees --- personalized medicine --- minorities --- ethnicity --- race --- breast cancer --- research --- HER2-directed therapy --- community oncology --- academic cancer center --- precision medicine --- cancer genetics --- cancer genomics --- small cell lung cancer --- immunotherapy --- epithelial ovarian cancer --- frontline treatment --- surgical debulking --- adjuvant chemotherapy --- maintenance therapy --- PARP inhibitor --- genetics counseling --- clinical research --- oropharyngeal cancer --- concurrent chemoradiation therapy --- human papillomavirus --- feeding tube dependency --- value-based care --- value-based cancer care --- oncology pathways --- Early Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) --- team-based care --- oncology medical home --- integrated cancer care --- supportive care pathways --- surgical pathways --- cancer care plans