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This book provides reviews and primary research articles that discuss the replication, repair, maintenance, and structures of plant organelle genomes. Rearrangements of these genomes are common and provide a way to distinguish closely related plant species. Some articles in the book discuss recent advances in identifying specific proteins and potential mechanisms involved in DNA replication, recombination, and repair in plant mitochondria and chloroplasts.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- DNA replication --- recombination-dependent replication (RDR) --- plant mitochondrial DNA --- chloroplast DNA --- DNA repair --- divergent inverted repeats --- short-globose cacti --- novel gene rearrangements --- pseudogenization --- sunflower --- cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) --- mitochondrial genome --- reorganizations --- next generation sequencing (NGS) --- evolution --- replisome --- recombination-dependent replication --- Lilium --- phylogenomics --- plastome --- molecular markers --- gene tree --- species tree --- chloroplast --- mitochondrion --- genome stability --- homologous recombination repair --- repeated sequence --- Physcomitrella patens --- mitochondria --- double-strand break repair --- uracil-N-glycosylase --- Piperales --- Hydnoraceae --- Hydnora --- Prosopanche --- parasitic plants --- holoparasite --- plastid genome --- organelles --- plastid phylogenetics --- DNA recombination --- plant organelle genome structure --- DNA replication --- recombination-dependent replication (RDR) --- plant mitochondrial DNA --- chloroplast DNA --- DNA repair --- divergent inverted repeats --- short-globose cacti --- novel gene rearrangements --- pseudogenization --- sunflower --- cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) --- mitochondrial genome --- reorganizations --- next generation sequencing (NGS) --- evolution --- replisome --- recombination-dependent replication --- Lilium --- phylogenomics --- plastome --- molecular markers --- gene tree --- species tree --- chloroplast --- mitochondrion --- genome stability --- homologous recombination repair --- repeated sequence --- Physcomitrella patens --- mitochondria --- double-strand break repair --- uracil-N-glycosylase --- Piperales --- Hydnoraceae --- Hydnora --- Prosopanche --- parasitic plants --- holoparasite --- plastid genome --- organelles --- plastid phylogenetics --- DNA recombination --- plant organelle genome structure

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This Special Issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (IJMS) is dedicated to the mechanisms mediated at the molecular and cellular levels in response to adverse genomic perturbations and DNA replication stress. The relevant proteins and processes play paramount roles in nucleic acid transactions to maintain genomic stability and cellular homeostasis. A total of 18 articles are presented which encompass a broad range of highly relevant topics in genome biology. These include replication fork dynamics, DNA repair processes, DNA damage signaling and cell cycle control, cancer biology, epigenetics, cellular senescence, neurodegeneration, and aging. As Guest Editor for this IJMS Special Issue, I am very pleased to offer this collection of riveting articles centered on the theme of DNA replication stress. The blend of articles builds upon a theme that DNA damage has profound consequences for genomic stability and cellular homeostasis that affect tissue function, disease, cancer, and aging at multiple levels and through unique mechanisms. I thank the authors for their excellent contributions, which provide new insight into this fascinating and highly relevant area of genome biology.

Werner Syndrome --- n/a --- A549 cells --- epigenetic --- neurodegeneration --- Genome integrity --- adaptation --- cellular senescence --- genome instability --- Werner Syndrome Protein --- lipofuscin --- cell cycle checkpoints --- exonuclease 1 --- template-switching --- energy metabolism --- mutation frequency --- DNA replication --- fork regression --- motor neuron disease --- Microsatellites --- Alzheimer’s disease --- chromatin remodeler --- repair of DNA damage --- AP site analogue --- mutagens --- replication timing --- Thermococcus eurythermalis --- nucleolar stress --- gene expression --- mutations spectra --- origin firing --- Fanconi Anemia --- superfamily 2 ATPase --- DNA translocation --- DNA repair --- SSB signaling --- homologous recombination --- common fragile sites --- 8-chloro-adenosine --- replication --- genome stability --- mutagenicity --- fork reversal --- multiple sclerosis --- non-B DNA --- protein stability --- heterogeneity --- ubiquitin --- SenTraGorTM (GL13) --- replication restart --- EdU --- ?-arrestin --- NER --- aging --- SSB end resection --- oxidative stress --- ATR --- dormant origins --- R loops --- DNA damage response --- Difficult-to-Replicate Sequences --- DNA double-strand repair --- endonuclease IV --- ALS --- double strand break repair --- premature aging --- replication stress --- EXO1 --- POL? --- translesion synthesis --- strand displacements --- G2-arrest --- DNA replication pattern --- SSB repair --- genome integrity --- G protein-coupled receptor kinase interacting protein 2 (GIT2) --- MMR --- replicative stress --- senolytics --- spacer --- interactome --- ATR-Chk1 DDR pathway --- C9orf72 --- replication fork restart --- translesion DNA synthesis --- DNA damage --- mismatch repair --- DNA replication stress --- DNA helicase --- Polymerase kappa --- DNA fiber assay --- H1299 cells --- TLS --- APE2 --- ageing --- cell death --- chromosome --- TopBP1 --- barley --- clock proteins --- post-translational modification --- 8-oxoG --- S phase --- ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) --- G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) --- Polymerase eta --- cancer --- G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK) --- helicase --- genomic instability --- Parkinson’s disease --- nucleotide excision repair --- SupF --- Alzheimer's disease --- Parkinson's disease