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Rationale: Classification of pigs based on the degree of resistance they display in a so-called "backtest" seems, to a certain extent, predictive for their coping strategy. Objective: The present study examined whether, as found in rodents, the behavioral response to apomorphine of pigs relates to individual coping characteristics. Methods: During the suckling period pigs were subjected to the backtest. In this test, each pig is restrained on its back for I min and the resistance (i.e. number of escape attempts) is scored. Pigs classified as low-resisting (LR, n=10) or high-resisting (HR, n=10) were selected. At 17-18 weeks of age they received a saline and an apomorphine injection (0.2 mg/kg SC) on 2 consecutive days in a balanced design. Behavior was recorded until 120 min after injection. Results: Apomorphine increased locomotion in all pigs and reduced standing, standing alert and defecating. In addition, apomorphine induced the occurrence of some peculiar activities, rarely seen in saline-treated pigs, which seemed to represent either a transition between different postures or a conflict between hind- and forelimb activities. Apomorphine-treated LR pigs performed significantly more of these activities than HR pigs, However, snout contact with the floor, an oral stereotypy, was significantly increased in apomorphine-treated HR pigs, but not in apomorphine-treated LR pigs. Conclusions: Tn conclusion, the response to apomorphine or pigs relates to their behavioral response, high-resisting (HR) versus low-resisting (LR), in the backtest. The contrasts in behavioral response to apomorphine suggest a difference in the dopaminergic system between HR and LR pigs

Activity. --- Age. --- Apomorphine. --- Backtest. --- Behavior. --- Behavioral strategies. --- Classification. --- Conflict. --- Contact. --- Coping characteristics. --- Coping strategies. --- Coping strategy. --- Coping style. --- Coping. --- D-amphetamine. --- Design. --- Dopamine. --- Dopaminergic system. --- Escape. --- Floor. --- Human. --- Immobility. --- Individual-differences. --- Locomotion. --- Method. --- Mice. --- Nucleus-accumbens. --- Oral stereotypies. --- Pig. --- Pigs. --- Posture. --- Resistance. --- Response. --- Responses. --- Rodent. --- Rodents. --- Search. --- Standing. --- Stereotyped behavior. --- Stereotypies. --- Stereotypy. --- Strategies. --- Strategy. --- System. --- Test. --- Time. --- Tool. --- Wistar rats.

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Sexuality is considered as a great human value related to happiness and satisfaction, but unfortunately, when affecting mental disorders, they tend to be associated with second level human functions. Nevertheless, sexual dysfunction often accompanies psychiatric disorder, intensely influencing compliance, quality of life and human relationships. Sexuality could be influenced either by a mental disorder itself, difficulties to get and maintain couple relationships or by the use of psychotropic treatments. Treatment-related adverse events are unfortunately under-recognized by clinicians, scarcely spontaneously communicated by patients, and rarely investigated in clinical trials. The most frequent psychotropic compounds that could deteriorate sexuality and quality of life include antidepressants, antipsychotics and mood regulators. There are important differences between them related to some variations in mechanisms of action including serotonin, dopamine and prolactin levels. Little is known about the relevance of sexuality and its dysfunctions in chronic and frequent mental and neurological disorders, such as psychosis, mood disorders, anxiety, phobias, eating disorders, alcohol or drug dependencies, epilepsy and childhood pathology. Poor sexual life, low satisfaction and more frequent risky sex behavior than in the general population are associated with severe mental diseases. There is a need for increasing research in this field, including epidemiological, psychological, neurophysiological, neuroanatomical and genetic variables related to sexual life to get a better understanding of the implicated mechanisms. To increase the sensibility of clinicians, the identification and management of sexual disturbances after the onset of any mental disorder should be highlighted. This would avoid unnecessary suffering and deterioration of quality of life.

Humanities --- Social interaction --- online pornography --- addiction --- cybersex --- internet --- compulsive sexual behavior --- hypersexuality --- dopaminergic system --- paroxetine --- agomelatine --- immunohistochemical study --- sexual dysfunction --- male rats --- sexual addiction --- sexual compulsivity --- phenomenology --- comorbidities --- opioid-related disorders --- methadone --- adverse effects --- erectile dysfunction --- medication adherence --- erotic stimulus processing --- serotonin --- noradrenaline --- dopamine --- fMRI --- healthy --- human --- sexual communication anxiety --- sexual perfectionism --- parent-child communication --- risky sexual behavior --- child sexual abuse --- female perpetrator --- mother-child incest --- gender stereotypes --- social taboo --- transgender --- anxiety --- depression --- social loneliness --- romantic loneliness --- autism --- sexual satisfaction --- Asperger syndrome --- sexual desire --- lubrication --- sexual intercourse --- sexual excitation --- sexual inhibition --- post-traumatic stress disorder --- veterans --- predictors --- sexuality --- mental health --- mental disorder --- hidradenitis suppurativa --- sexual abstinence --- partner status --- prison inmates --- eye tracking --- non-consensual image sharing --- intimate images --- objectification --- objectifying gaze --- rape myth acceptance --- sexting --- desvenlafaxine --- antidepressant --- treatment --- prsexdq-salsex questionnaire --- switching strategy --- female sexual dysfunction --- hormonal contraceptive --- libido --- desire --- sex life --- orgasm --- vaginal ring --- depot medroxyprogesterone acetate --- pornography --- delayed ejaculation --- NeMUP --- child sexual offending --- pedophilia --- SCID --- peyronie’s disease --- penile induration --- patient satisfaction --- research --- online pornography --- addiction --- cybersex --- internet --- compulsive sexual behavior --- hypersexuality --- dopaminergic system --- paroxetine --- agomelatine --- immunohistochemical study --- sexual dysfunction --- male rats --- sexual addiction --- sexual compulsivity --- phenomenology --- comorbidities --- opioid-related disorders --- methadone --- adverse effects --- erectile dysfunction --- medication adherence --- erotic stimulus processing --- serotonin --- noradrenaline --- dopamine --- fMRI --- healthy --- human --- sexual communication anxiety --- sexual perfectionism --- parent-child communication --- risky sexual behavior --- child sexual abuse --- female perpetrator --- mother-child incest --- gender stereotypes --- social taboo --- transgender --- anxiety --- depression --- social loneliness --- romantic loneliness --- autism --- sexual satisfaction --- Asperger syndrome --- sexual desire --- lubrication --- sexual intercourse --- sexual excitation --- sexual inhibition --- post-traumatic stress disorder --- veterans --- predictors --- sexuality --- mental health --- mental disorder --- hidradenitis suppurativa --- sexual abstinence --- partner status --- prison inmates --- eye tracking --- non-consensual image sharing --- intimate images --- objectification --- objectifying gaze --- rape myth acceptance --- sexting --- desvenlafaxine --- antidepressant --- treatment --- prsexdq-salsex questionnaire --- switching strategy --- female sexual dysfunction --- hormonal contraceptive --- libido --- desire --- sex life --- orgasm --- vaginal ring --- depot medroxyprogesterone acetate --- pornography --- delayed ejaculation --- NeMUP --- child sexual offending --- pedophilia --- SCID --- peyronie’s disease --- penile induration --- patient satisfaction --- research

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Sexuality is considered as a great human value related to happiness and satisfaction, but unfortunately, when affecting mental disorders, they tend to be associated with second level human functions. Nevertheless, sexual dysfunction often accompanies psychiatric disorder, intensely influencing compliance, quality of life and human relationships. Sexuality could be influenced either by a mental disorder itself, difficulties to get and maintain couple relationships or by the use of psychotropic treatments. Treatment-related adverse events are unfortunately under-recognized by clinicians, scarcely spontaneously communicated by patients, and rarely investigated in clinical trials. The most frequent psychotropic compounds that could deteriorate sexuality and quality of life include antidepressants, antipsychotics and mood regulators. There are important differences between them related to some variations in mechanisms of action including serotonin, dopamine and prolactin levels. Little is known about the relevance of sexuality and its dysfunctions in chronic and frequent mental and neurological disorders, such as psychosis, mood disorders, anxiety, phobias, eating disorders, alcohol or drug dependencies, epilepsy and childhood pathology. Poor sexual life, low satisfaction and more frequent risky sex behavior than in the general population are associated with severe mental diseases. There is a need for increasing research in this field, including epidemiological, psychological, neurophysiological, neuroanatomical and genetic variables related to sexual life to get a better understanding of the implicated mechanisms. To increase the sensibility of clinicians, the identification and management of sexual disturbances after the onset of any mental disorder should be highlighted. This would avoid unnecessary suffering and deterioration of quality of life.

Humanities --- Social interaction --- online pornography --- addiction --- cybersex --- internet --- compulsive sexual behavior --- hypersexuality --- dopaminergic system --- paroxetine --- agomelatine --- immunohistochemical study --- sexual dysfunction --- male rats --- sexual addiction --- sexual compulsivity --- phenomenology --- comorbidities --- opioid-related disorders --- methadone --- adverse effects --- erectile dysfunction --- medication adherence --- erotic stimulus processing --- serotonin --- noradrenaline --- dopamine --- fMRI --- healthy --- human --- sexual communication anxiety --- sexual perfectionism --- parent-child communication --- risky sexual behavior --- child sexual abuse --- female perpetrator --- mother-child incest --- gender stereotypes --- social taboo --- transgender --- anxiety --- depression --- social loneliness --- romantic loneliness --- autism --- sexual satisfaction --- Asperger syndrome --- sexual desire --- lubrication --- sexual intercourse --- sexual excitation --- sexual inhibition --- post-traumatic stress disorder --- veterans --- predictors --- sexuality --- mental health --- mental disorder --- hidradenitis suppurativa --- sexual abstinence --- partner status --- prison inmates --- eye tracking --- non-consensual image sharing --- intimate images --- objectification --- objectifying gaze --- rape myth acceptance --- sexting --- desvenlafaxine --- antidepressant --- treatment --- prsexdq-salsex questionnaire --- switching strategy --- female sexual dysfunction --- hormonal contraceptive --- libido --- desire --- sex life --- orgasm --- vaginal ring --- depot medroxyprogesterone acetate --- pornography --- delayed ejaculation --- NeMUP --- child sexual offending --- pedophilia --- SCID --- peyronie’s disease --- penile induration --- patient satisfaction --- research

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This book includes articles written by over 80 specialists from many countries that demonstrate the biological functions of ultrasonic vocalizations and how they are used in studies of vocal expression of emotional states and in numerous animal models of neuropsychiatric diseases and disorders. Results of investigations of emissions of ultrasonic vocalizations are useful in studies of emotional disturbances, affective disorders, autism spectrum disorders, addiction, developmental abnormalities, and many other pathologies.

ultrasonic vocalization --- maternal immune activation --- autism --- communication --- rat --- sex differences --- social play --- rats --- anxiety --- observational fear learning --- USV --- maternal separation --- pup --- vasopressin antagonists --- righting reflex --- negative geotaxis --- ACTH --- corticosterone --- Brattleboro rat --- larynx --- female --- male --- 50-khz ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) --- individual differences --- chronic variable stress (CVS) --- dopamine --- nucleus accumbens --- microdialysis --- evolution of vocalization --- 22 kHz calls --- 50 kHz calls --- infant isolation calls --- emotional arousal --- mesolimbic dopaminergic system --- mesolimbic cholinergic system --- hedonia --- ultrasonic vocalizations --- cognitive development --- respiration --- brain oscillations --- Cav1.2 --- calcium --- animal model --- rough-and-tumble play --- social approach --- playback --- social contact call --- alarm call --- social buffering --- distress --- emotional contagion --- fear contagion --- aversive state --- automated scoring --- addiction --- mental health --- machine learning --- drug discovery --- drug development --- Parkinson’s disease --- alpha-synuclein --- 6-OHDA --- Pink1 --- DJ1 --- exercise --- pharmacology --- pathology --- hypervigilance --- hyperreactivity --- exaggerated reactivity --- generalization --- PTSD --- depression --- heart rate --- Wistar --- 22-kHz calls --- 50-kHz calls --- affect --- aversion --- NOR --- reward --- working memory --- Y maze --- opioids --- fentanyl --- self-administration --- play --- food --- dam–pup interaction --- ethanol --- pup isolation --- rat pup --- 50 kHz vocalizations --- 22 kHz vocalizations --- amphetamine --- chemogenetics --- clozapine-n-oxide --- UMAP --- males --- females --- vocalizations --- fear extinction --- pain --- n/a --- Parkinson's disease --- dam-pup interaction