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Book
The Bacterial Cell: Coupling between Growth, Nucleoid Replication, Cell Division, and Shape, Volume 2
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Year: 2019 Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact


Dissertation
Etude de l'interaction du domaine AMIN de l'amidase AmiC avec le peptidoglycane
Authors: --- --- --- ---
Year: 2018 Publisher: Liège Université de Liège (ULiège)

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Ce mémoire de fin d’étude s’est intéressé à l’amidase AmiC qui est une hydrolase participant à la dégradation du peptidoglycane septal lors de la division d’E. coli. Plus précisément, ce mémoire s’interroge sur le domaine AMIN de cette amidase. Ce domaine a été identifié pour être indispensable à la localisation d’AmiC au site de division. De plus, in vitro, le domaine AMIN interagit avec le peptidoglycane. Cette observation permet d’envisager que, par l’interaction avec le peptidoglycane, le domaine AMIN permet la localisation d’AmiC au site de division. Cependant, les résidus responsables de l’interaction ne sont pas connus. 
Lors d’une première étude d’interaction du domaine AMIN avec le peptidoglycane, les résidus impliqués dans cette interaction ont été identifiés et vérifiés par modélisation. Ces derniers ainsi que les résidus conservés des deux feuillets beta ont été modifiés par mutagenèse dirigée. 
Dès lors, la première partie de ce mémoire était de finaliser une construction permettant la production de la protéine de fusion AMIN-sfGFP pour visualiser la localisation du domaine AMIN in vivo au microscope à fluorescence. Après l’obtention de la construction contenant le domaine AMIN sauvage et vérification de l’expression de celle-ci, les domaines AMIN mutés sont également introduits dans ce plasmide. En tout, 21 constructions sont obtenues. Elles doivent très prochainement permettre de déterminer la localisation, par microscopie à fluorescence, des mutants dans la bactérie en comparaison avec la protéine sauvage. 
La deuxième partie de ce mémoire a été de mettre au point les conditions de production de la protéine AmiC en milieu minimum, de la purifier et de cliver l’étiquette polyhistidine en vue de la préparation de la protéine marquée au 15N pour une étude par RMN de l’interaction d’AmiC avec le peptidoglycane. AmiC contient une étiquette polyhistidine qui ne doit plus être présente dans les échantillons. Dès lors, la protéase TEV, reconnaissant le site de clivage situé après la queue polyhistidine d’AmiC, est fraîchement produite et permet d’obtenir un meilleur rendement d’AmiC sans la queue polyhistidine. Le fait de produire AmiC en milieu minimum induit la surexpression de l’anhydrase carbonique qui se lie à la colonne de nickel et contamine les échantillons. L’utilisation d’une échangeuse de cation a permis d’éliminer l’anhydrase carbonique des échantillons. Lors du passage d’AmiC (dont l’étiquette polyhistidine a été clivée par la TEV) sur une colonne de nickel, une concentration de 25 mM en imidazole a été nécessaire pour récolter plus facilement AmiC. L’optimisation finale de la purification d’AmiC non marquée consistait à la produire dans 2 litres de milieu minimum et de purifier l’échantillon sur une colonne de nickel. Ensuite de passer les échantillons contenant His6-AmiC sur une colonne échangeuse de cation pour éliminer l’anhydrase carbonique et de terminer par un deuxième passage sur une colonne de nickel en présence de 25 mM d’imidazole après clivage avec de la TEV fraiche, afin de récolter AmiC pur et sans étiquette polyhistidine. Une production d’AmiC dans 2 litres de milieu minimum marqué au 15N a été également réalisée et est en attente de purification. Le peptidoglycane est, quant à lui, produit et purifié à une concentration de 500 mg/mL (2 ml au total) et doit être solubilisé pour l’étude en RMN.


Dissertation
Étude des protéines du divisome chez Escherichia coli
Authors: --- --- --- ---
Year: 2021 Publisher: Liège Université de Liège (ULiège)

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Dans le cadre de la division cellulaire, de nombreuse protéines rentrent en jeu, notamment au sein du divisome. La protéine FtsK en fait partie et possède une activité ADN translocase au niveau de sa partie C-terminale cytoplasmique bien caractérisée. À l'inverse, la partie N-terminale membranaire de cette protéine joue un rôle important dans la division cellulaire chez E. coli et d’autres bactéries mais cette dernière reste encore très peu caractérisée de même que ses interactions directes avec les autres protéines du divisome. Dans ce travail nous avons réussi à produire et à analyser la forme FtsK (M1-T210) ainsi que la forme FtsK (M1-D641). Les résultats ont permis de confirmer que même sans la partie cytoplasmique connue pour former un hexamère, les formes plus courtes de FtsK sont capables de former des multimères. De plus, l’étude des interactions directes entre la partie membranaire de FtsK et les autres protéines étudiées (FtsBLQ, FtsW-PBP3 et PBP1b) montre une tendance à l’interaction entre FtsK et le complexe FtsBLQ (plus marquée avec le complexe FtsBL qu’avec FtsQ), une interaction relativement claire a été observée avec le complexe FtsW-PBP3 mais aucune interaction significative avec PBP1b dans ces conditions expérimentales.


Book
The Bacterial Cell: Coupling between Growth, Nucleoid Replication, Cell Division and Shape
Authors: --- ---
Year: 2016 Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

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Bacterial Physiology was inaugurated as a discipline by the seminal research of Maaløe, Schaechter and Kjeldgaard published in 1958. Their work clarified the relationship between cell composition and growth rate and led to unravel the temporal coupling between chromosome replication and the subsequent cell division by Helmstetter et al. a decade later. Now, after half a century this field has become a major research direction that attracts interest of many scientists from different disciplines. The outstanding question how the most basic cellular processes - mass growth, chromosome replication and cell division - are inter-coordinated in both space and time is still unresolved at the molecular level. Several particularly pertinent questions that are intensively studied follow: (a) what is the primary signal to place the Z-ring precisely between the two replicating and segregating nucleoids? (b) Is this coupling related to the structure and position of the nucleoid itself? (c) How does a bacterium determine and maintain its shape and dimensions? Possible answers include gene expression-based mechanisms, self-organization of protein assemblies and physical principles such as micro-phase separations by excluded volume interactions, diffusion ratchets and membrane stress or curvature. The relationships between biochemical reactions and physical forces are yet to be conceived and discovered. This e-book discusses the above mentioned and related questions. The book also serves as an important depository for state-of-the-art technologies, methods, theoretical simulations and innovative ideas and hypotheses for future testing. Integrating the information gained from various angles will likely help decipher how a relatively simple cell such as a bacterium incorporates its multitude of pathways and processes into a highly efficient self-organized system. The knowledge may be helpful in the ambition to artificially reconstruct a simple living system and to develop new antibacterial drugs.


Book
The Bacterial Cell: Coupling between Growth, Nucleoid Replication, Cell Division and Shape
Authors: --- ---
Year: 2016 Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

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Bookmark

Abstract

Bacterial Physiology was inaugurated as a discipline by the seminal research of Maaløe, Schaechter and Kjeldgaard published in 1958. Their work clarified the relationship between cell composition and growth rate and led to unravel the temporal coupling between chromosome replication and the subsequent cell division by Helmstetter et al. a decade later. Now, after half a century this field has become a major research direction that attracts interest of many scientists from different disciplines. The outstanding question how the most basic cellular processes - mass growth, chromosome replication and cell division - are inter-coordinated in both space and time is still unresolved at the molecular level. Several particularly pertinent questions that are intensively studied follow: (a) what is the primary signal to place the Z-ring precisely between the two replicating and segregating nucleoids? (b) Is this coupling related to the structure and position of the nucleoid itself? (c) How does a bacterium determine and maintain its shape and dimensions? Possible answers include gene expression-based mechanisms, self-organization of protein assemblies and physical principles such as micro-phase separations by excluded volume interactions, diffusion ratchets and membrane stress or curvature. The relationships between biochemical reactions and physical forces are yet to be conceived and discovered. This e-book discusses the above mentioned and related questions. The book also serves as an important depository for state-of-the-art technologies, methods, theoretical simulations and innovative ideas and hypotheses for future testing. Integrating the information gained from various angles will likely help decipher how a relatively simple cell such as a bacterium incorporates its multitude of pathways and processes into a highly efficient self-organized system. The knowledge may be helpful in the ambition to artificially reconstruct a simple living system and to develop new antibacterial drugs.


Book
The Bacterial Cell: Coupling between Growth, Nucleoid Replication, Cell Division and Shape
Authors: --- ---
Year: 2016 Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Loading...
Export citation

Choose an application

Bookmark

Abstract

Bacterial Physiology was inaugurated as a discipline by the seminal research of Maaløe, Schaechter and Kjeldgaard published in 1958. Their work clarified the relationship between cell composition and growth rate and led to unravel the temporal coupling between chromosome replication and the subsequent cell division by Helmstetter et al. a decade later. Now, after half a century this field has become a major research direction that attracts interest of many scientists from different disciplines. The outstanding question how the most basic cellular processes - mass growth, chromosome replication and cell division - are inter-coordinated in both space and time is still unresolved at the molecular level. Several particularly pertinent questions that are intensively studied follow: (a) what is the primary signal to place the Z-ring precisely between the two replicating and segregating nucleoids? (b) Is this coupling related to the structure and position of the nucleoid itself? (c) How does a bacterium determine and maintain its shape and dimensions? Possible answers include gene expression-based mechanisms, self-organization of protein assemblies and physical principles such as micro-phase separations by excluded volume interactions, diffusion ratchets and membrane stress or curvature. The relationships between biochemical reactions and physical forces are yet to be conceived and discovered. This e-book discusses the above mentioned and related questions. The book also serves as an important depository for state-of-the-art technologies, methods, theoretical simulations and innovative ideas and hypotheses for future testing. Integrating the information gained from various angles will likely help decipher how a relatively simple cell such as a bacterium incorporates its multitude of pathways and processes into a highly efficient self-organized system. The knowledge may be helpful in the ambition to artificially reconstruct a simple living system and to develop new antibacterial drugs.


Book
The Bacterial Cell: Coupling between Growth, Nucleoid Replication, Cell Division, and Shape, Volume 2
Authors: --- --- ---
Year: 2019 Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Loading...
Export citation

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Bookmark

Abstract

This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact


Book
The Bacterial Cell: Coupling between Growth, Nucleoid Replication, Cell Division, and Shape, Volume 2
Authors: --- --- ---
Year: 2019 Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Loading...
Export citation

Choose an application

Bookmark

Abstract

This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

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