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Continuous cost reduction of photovoltaic (PV) systems and the rise of power auctions resulted in the establishment of PV power not only as a green energy source but also as a cost-effective solution to the electricity generation market. Various commercial solutions for grid-connected PV systems are available at any power level, ranging from multi-megawatt utility-scale solar farms to sub-kilowatt residential PV installations. Compared to utility-scale systems, the feasibility of small-scale residential PV installations is still limited by existing technologies that have not yet properly address issues like operation in weak grids, opaque and partial shading, etc. New market drivers such as warranty improvement to match the PV module lifespan, operation voltage range extension for application flexibility, and embedded energy storage for load shifting have again put small-scale PV systems in the spotlight. This Special Issue collects the latest developments in the field of power electronic converter topologies, control, design, and optimization for better energy yield, power conversion efficiency, reliability, and longer lifetime of the small-scale PV systems. This Special Issue will serve as a reference and update for academics, researchers, and practicing engineers to inspire new research and developments that pave the way for next-generation PV systems for residential and small commercial applications.

History of engineering & technology --- three-phase rectifier --- PFC --- switch-mode rectifier --- ZVS --- ZCS --- single stage micro-inverter --- burst control --- variable frequency control --- maximum power-point tracking --- grid-connected photovoltaic systems --- cascade multilevel converters --- multistring converters --- T-type converters --- power clipping --- ESS sizing --- grid-tied PV plant --- cascaded H-bridge --- photovoltaic inverter --- module level --- switching modulation strategy --- energy yield --- photovoltaic (PV) --- virtual synchronous generator (VSG) --- frequency response (FR) --- power reserve control (PRC) --- active power up-regulation --- dual inverter --- open-end winding transformer --- photovoltaic application --- filter --- DC–AC converters --- efficiency --- neutral-point-clamped inverter --- PV applications --- PV inverters --- PV systems --- quasi-z-source --- two-level inverter --- three-level inverter --- converter topologies --- partial shading --- photovoltaic (PV) arrays --- multiple maximas --- mismatch --- differential power processing (DPP) --- series-parallel (SP) --- total-cross-tied (TCT) --- bridge-linked (BL) --- center-cross-tied (CCT) --- quasi-Z-source inverter --- double-frequency ripple --- ripple vector cancellation --- shoot-through duty cycle --- modulation --- DC microgrid --- DC electric spring --- distributed cooperative control --- adaptive droop control --- consensus algorithm --- Electric spring --- hierarchical control --- coordinated control --- power decoupling control --- droop control --- microgrid --- microinverter --- variable dc-link voltage --- photovoltaic --- solar energy --- renewable energy --- residential systems --- PV generators --- active power --- reactive power --- Renewable energy --- grid codes --- capability curves --- transformerless inverter --- full bridge inverter --- leakage current --- NPC topology --- full-bridge inverter --- PV microinverters --- single-stage --- buck-boost --- tapped inductor --- modular multilevel converter --- photovoltaic power system --- grid integration --- control system --- distributed renewable energy source --- energy storage --- 1500 V photovoltaic (PV) --- reliability --- cost-oriented design --- DC–DC converter --- series resonance converter --- wide range converter --- bidirectional switch --- conversion efficiency

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Buildings account for more than one-third of the global final energy consumption and CO2 emissions. The building sector offers a significant potential in the transition towards the decarbonisation of societies. To achieve this goal, different concepts and implementations of Net-Zero/Positive Energy Buildings and Districts (NZPEBD) have emerged in the last years and are still in progress. This book is the collection of the articles published in the Special Issue “Net-Zero/Positive Energy Buildings and Districts” of the Buildings journal. This reprint includes 17 research articles covering different aspects of Net-Zero/Positive Energy Buildings and Districts planning, technologies, economics, building design and retrofitting, citizen engagement, and collection of energy data.

energy storage --- hydrogen --- power-to-gas --- reversible solid oxide cell --- optimization --- mixed integer linear programming --- MILP --- microgrid --- PV --- peer to peer --- self-consumption --- energy community --- local market --- PVT --- water-based PVT --- techno-economic analysis --- digital mapping --- seasonal thermal energy storage --- waste incineration --- district heating --- waste heat --- energy retrofit --- heat pump --- CO2 emissions --- building stock --- PED --- energy flexibility --- socioeconomic analysis --- regions --- regulation --- renewable energy --- urban environment --- climatic zones --- gaussian mixture model --- Expectation-Maximization --- urban building energy modeling --- data acquisition --- building optimisation design --- Saharan --- cool climate --- genetic algorithm --- low energy buildings --- spatial --- temporal --- energy use --- smart city --- net‐ and nearly‐zero‐energy buildings --- positive energy communities and districts --- renewable energy integration --- energy flexibility in buildings and communities --- simulation and optimization methods --- practical experience from demo sites --- buildings --- construction --- efficient homes --- energy efficiency --- GHG emissions --- homes --- net-zero energy (NZE) --- NZE building technology --- positive energy districts --- citizen --- cities --- participation --- citizen engagement --- stakeholder engagement --- urban energy transition --- bi-directional grid --- urban photovoltaic systems --- energy communities --- agent based modelling --- techno-economic modelling --- market design --- distributed renewable energy --- characterization --- review --- text mining --- nearly zero-energy building --- container building --- building design --- energy simulation --- climate study --- plus energy buildings --- plus energy districts --- energy sharing --- energy trading --- clean energy package --- n/a

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Continuous cost reduction of photovoltaic (PV) systems and the rise of power auctions resulted in the establishment of PV power not only as a green energy source but also as a cost-effective solution to the electricity generation market. Various commercial solutions for grid-connected PV systems are available at any power level, ranging from multi-megawatt utility-scale solar farms to sub-kilowatt residential PV installations. Compared to utility-scale systems, the feasibility of small-scale residential PV installations is still limited by existing technologies that have not yet properly address issues like operation in weak grids, opaque and partial shading, etc. New market drivers such as warranty improvement to match the PV module lifespan, operation voltage range extension for application flexibility, and embedded energy storage for load shifting have again put small-scale PV systems in the spotlight. This Special Issue collects the latest developments in the field of power electronic converter topologies, control, design, and optimization for better energy yield, power conversion efficiency, reliability, and longer lifetime of the small-scale PV systems. This Special Issue will serve as a reference and update for academics, researchers, and practicing engineers to inspire new research and developments that pave the way for next-generation PV systems for residential and small commercial applications.

History of engineering & technology --- three-phase rectifier --- PFC --- switch-mode rectifier --- ZVS --- ZCS --- single stage micro-inverter --- burst control --- variable frequency control --- maximum power-point tracking --- grid-connected photovoltaic systems --- cascade multilevel converters --- multistring converters --- T-type converters --- power clipping --- ESS sizing --- grid-tied PV plant --- cascaded H-bridge --- photovoltaic inverter --- module level --- switching modulation strategy --- energy yield --- photovoltaic (PV) --- virtual synchronous generator (VSG) --- frequency response (FR) --- power reserve control (PRC) --- active power up-regulation --- dual inverter --- open-end winding transformer --- photovoltaic application --- filter --- DC–AC converters --- efficiency --- neutral-point-clamped inverter --- PV applications --- PV inverters --- PV systems --- quasi-z-source --- two-level inverter --- three-level inverter --- converter topologies --- partial shading --- photovoltaic (PV) arrays --- multiple maximas --- mismatch --- differential power processing (DPP) --- series-parallel (SP) --- total-cross-tied (TCT) --- bridge-linked (BL) --- center-cross-tied (CCT) --- quasi-Z-source inverter --- double-frequency ripple --- ripple vector cancellation --- shoot-through duty cycle --- modulation --- DC microgrid --- DC electric spring --- distributed cooperative control --- adaptive droop control --- consensus algorithm --- Electric spring --- hierarchical control --- coordinated control --- power decoupling control --- droop control --- microgrid --- microinverter --- variable dc-link voltage --- photovoltaic --- solar energy --- renewable energy --- residential systems --- PV generators --- active power --- reactive power --- Renewable energy --- grid codes --- capability curves --- transformerless inverter --- full bridge inverter --- leakage current --- NPC topology --- full-bridge inverter --- PV microinverters --- single-stage --- buck-boost --- tapped inductor --- modular multilevel converter --- photovoltaic power system --- grid integration --- control system --- distributed renewable energy source --- energy storage --- 1500 V photovoltaic (PV) --- reliability --- cost-oriented design --- DC–DC converter --- series resonance converter --- wide range converter --- bidirectional switch --- conversion efficiency --- three-phase rectifier --- PFC --- switch-mode rectifier --- ZVS --- ZCS --- single stage micro-inverter --- burst control --- variable frequency control --- maximum power-point tracking --- grid-connected photovoltaic systems --- cascade multilevel converters --- multistring converters --- T-type converters --- power clipping --- ESS sizing --- grid-tied PV plant --- cascaded H-bridge --- photovoltaic inverter --- module level --- switching modulation strategy --- energy yield --- photovoltaic (PV) --- virtual synchronous generator (VSG) --- frequency response (FR) --- power reserve control (PRC) --- active power up-regulation --- dual inverter --- open-end winding transformer --- photovoltaic application --- filter --- DC–AC converters --- efficiency --- neutral-point-clamped inverter --- PV applications --- PV inverters --- PV systems --- quasi-z-source --- two-level inverter --- three-level inverter --- converter topologies --- partial shading --- photovoltaic (PV) arrays --- multiple maximas --- mismatch --- differential power processing (DPP) --- series-parallel (SP) --- total-cross-tied (TCT) --- bridge-linked (BL) --- center-cross-tied (CCT) --- quasi-Z-source inverter --- double-frequency ripple --- ripple vector cancellation --- shoot-through duty cycle --- modulation --- DC microgrid --- DC electric spring --- distributed cooperative control --- adaptive droop control --- consensus algorithm --- Electric spring --- hierarchical control --- coordinated control --- power decoupling control --- droop control --- microgrid --- microinverter --- variable dc-link voltage --- photovoltaic --- solar energy --- renewable energy --- residential systems --- PV generators --- active power --- reactive power --- Renewable energy --- grid codes --- capability curves --- transformerless inverter --- full bridge inverter --- leakage current --- NPC topology --- full-bridge inverter --- PV microinverters --- single-stage --- buck-boost --- tapped inductor --- modular multilevel converter --- photovoltaic power system --- grid integration --- control system --- distributed renewable energy source --- energy storage --- 1500 V photovoltaic (PV) --- reliability --- cost-oriented design --- DC–DC converter --- series resonance converter --- wide range converter --- bidirectional switch --- conversion efficiency