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manipulation --- psychologie --- le mentalisme --- la PNL --- sympathie --- authorité --- imitation --- conformisme sociale --- dissimulation --- séduire --- techniques de manipulation

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le droit français des religion --- le droit français --- des signes religieux dans l'espace public --- la loi de 1905 --- la dissimulation du visage --- le Conseil constitutionnel --- l'Eglise catholique --- doctrine de la foi --- droit canonique --- James Madison --- liberté religieuse --- laïcité --- Allemagne --- France --- l'Islam --- droit fiscal --- droits étrangers --- droit privé --- droit local des cultes

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"Larvatus prodeo," announced René Descartes at the beginning of the seventeenth century: "I come forward, masked." Deliberately disguising or silencing their most intimate thoughts and emotions, many early modern Europeans besides Descartes-princes, courtiers, aristocrats and commoners alike-chose to practice the shadowy art of dissimulation. For men and women who could not risk revealing their inner lives to those around them, this art of incommunicativity was crucial, both personally and politically. Many writers and intellectuals sought to explain, expose, justify, or condemn the emergence of this new culture of secrecy, and from Naples to the Netherlands controversy swirled for two centuries around the powers and limits of dissimulation, whether in affairs of state or affairs of the heart. This beautifully written work crisscrosses Europe, with a special focus on Italy, to explore attitudes toward the art of dissimulation in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Discussing many canonical and lesser-known works, Jon R. Snyder examines the treatment of dissimulation in early modern treatises and writings on the court, civility, moral philosophy, political theory, and in the visual arts.

Secrecy --- Truthfulness and falsehood --- Interpersonal communication --- Social aspects --- History. --- Italy --- Europe --- Social life and customs --- Social life and customs. --- 16th century. --- 17th century. --- affairs. --- aristocracy. --- canonical writing. --- commoners. --- communication. --- controversy. --- court writings. --- culture of secrecy. --- disguise. --- dishonesty. --- dissimulation. --- early modern europe. --- europe. --- inner lives. --- italy. --- masking emotions. --- modern history. --- moral philosophy. --- naples. --- netherlands. --- philosophers. --- political silence. --- political theory. --- private lives. --- rene descartes. --- secrecy. --- secret thoughts. --- textbooks. --- treatises. --- visual arts. --- writers and intellectuals.

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The 'Alawis, or Alawites, are a prominent religious minority in northern Syria, Lebanon, and southern Turkey, best known today for enjoying disproportionate political power in war-torn Syria. In this book, Stefan Winter offers a complete history of the community, from the birth of the 'Alawi (Nusayri) sect in the tenth century to just after World War I, the establishment of the French mandate over Syria, and the early years of the Turkish republic. Winter draws on a wealth of Ottoman archival records and other sources to show that the 'Alawis were not historically persecuted as is often claimed, but rather were a fundamental part of Syrian and Turkish provincial society.Winter argues that far from being excluded on the basis of their religion, the 'Alawis were in fact fully integrated into the provincial administrative order. Profiting from the economic development of the coastal highlands, particularly in the Ottoman period, they fostered a new class of local notables and tribal leaders, participated in the modernizing educational, political, and military reforms of the nineteenth century, and expanded their area of settlement beyond its traditional mountain borders to emerge from centuries of Sunni imperial rule as a bona fide sectarian community. Using an impressive array of primary materials spanning nearly ten centuries, A History of the 'Alawis provides a crucial new narrative about the development of 'Alawi society.

Nosairians --- History. --- Abdülhamid II. --- Abdülhamid regime. --- Alawites. --- Bayt al-Shillif. --- France. --- Islamic provincial history. --- Latakia. --- Mamluk state. --- Middle Eastern society. --- Nusayris. --- Ottoman Empire. --- Ottoman rule. --- Ottomans. --- Shamsins. --- Shiʻism religious leadership. --- Syria. --- Syrian society. --- Tanzimat. --- Turkey. --- Turkish society. --- brigandage. --- colonialism. --- confessional groups. --- dissimulation. --- education policy. --- emigration. --- exceptionalism. --- landed gentry. --- metanarratives. --- nineteenth century. --- nomenclaturism. --- political power. --- provincial administration. --- religious minority. --- social engineering. --- tax revenues. --- tobacco farming. --- western Syria. --- ʻAlawi community. --- ʻAlawi families. --- ʻAlawi history. --- ʻAlawi nobility. --- ʻAlawi orthodoxy. --- ʻAlawi society. --- ʻAlawis. --- ʻAlawism.

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"The entire town is disguised," declared a French tourist of eighteenth-century Venice. And, indeed, maskers of all ranks-nobles, clergy, imposters, seducers, con men-could be found mixing at every level of Venetian society. Even a pious nun donned a mask and male attire for her liaison with the libertine Casanova. In Venice Incognito, James H. Johnson offers a spirited analysis of masking in this carnival-loving city. He draws on a wealth of material to explore the world view of maskers, both during and outside of carnival, and reconstructs their logic: covering the face in public was a uniquely Venetian response to one of the most rigid class hierarchies in European history. This vivid account goes beyond common views that masking was about forgetting the past and minding the muse of pleasure to offer fresh insight into the historical construction of identity.

Masks --- Costume --- Carnival --- History. --- Venice (Italy) --- Bneci (Italy) --- Mleci (Italy) --- Mleti (Italy) --- Venecia (Italy) --- Venezia (Italy) --- Venedig (Italy) --- Venetik (Italy) --- Venetsii︠a︡ (Italy) --- Velence (Italy) --- Benetia (Italy) --- Venetia (Italy) --- Wenecja (Italy) --- Venise (Italy) --- Fenice (Italy) --- Benetke (Italy) --- Vinegia (Italy) --- Burano (Italy) --- Murano (Italy) --- Venice (Lombardo-Venetian Kingdom) --- Social life and customs. --- History --- Venet︠s︡ii︠a︡ (Italy) --- actors. --- anonymity. --- aristocrats. --- arlecchino. --- carnival. --- casanova. --- class hierarchies. --- class. --- commedia dell arte. --- cultural history. --- disguise. --- dissimulation. --- european history. --- fashion. --- gambling. --- goldoni. --- history. --- honor. --- identity. --- incognito. --- italy. --- masked theater. --- maskers. --- masking. --- masks. --- masquerade. --- material culture. --- morality. --- nonfiction. --- performance. --- pleasure. --- rank. --- reputation. --- secrets. --- social history. --- society. --- status. --- theater history. --- unmasking. --- venetian society. --- venice.