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The first new edition of Clinical Management of Binocular Vision in five years has been updated—across all chapters—with new guidelines and protocols based on the latest research in the field. You’ll learn how to perform current, clinically accurate assessments, diagnoses, and therapies for a wide range of conditions. Each disorder is tackled in detail, touching on common symptoms, instrumentation, available treatment options, and more.
Ocular Motility Disorders --- Vision, Binocular --- Vision Disparity --- Accommodation, Ocular --- Binocular Vision --- Visual Disparity --- Binocular Disparity --- Fixation Disparity --- Ocular Disparity --- Parallax, Ocular --- Retinal Disparity --- Binocular Disparities --- Disparities, Binocular --- Disparities, Fixation --- Disparities, Ocular --- Disparities, Retinal --- Disparities, Vision --- Disparities, Visual --- Disparity, Binocular --- Disparity, Fixation --- Disparity, Ocular --- Disparity, Retinal --- Disparity, Vision --- Disparity, Visual --- Fixation Disparities --- Ocular Disparities --- Ocular Parallax --- Retinal Disparities --- Vision Disparities --- Visual Disparities --- Accommodation, Lens --- Ocular Accommodation --- Ocular Distance Accommodation --- Accommodation, Ocular Distance --- Distance Accommodation, Ocular --- Lens Accommodation --- Ocular Distance Accommodations --- therapy --- E-books
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The Antarctic shelf and the fauna living on it have been moulded by millions of years of extreme seasonality, extreme isolation, extreme cold and recurrent glacial periods. Iphimediidae is a family of amphipods well-represented on the Antarctic shelf with at least 13 genera and 46 species. Recent molecular studies have shown that these are monophyletic and are in fact for the most part species complexes. Iphimediidae present a large diversity in mouthpart morphologies. Their mandibles are marked by the positioning of the incisor along the median line enabling it to cut in a frontal plane like scissors. This might have been one of the major reasons for their ecological success. Conversely, the basis of the maxilliped seems to conserve its general morphology across taxa. Using a time calibrated phylogeny of the family from a recent study, isotopic data as a proxy for the trophic niche and geomorphometric data of the mandible and the maxilliped’s basis from 50 putative species of Iphimediidae, this study set out to (i) explore the mouthparts’ morphological diversity, (ii) study the relation between morphology and trophic ecology and (iii) analyse the evolution of the morphological traits along the phylogeny. For (i), measures of phylogenetic signal are significant but low for both mouthparts indicating variability among related species. The phylomorphospaces indicates that different clades present different modes of diversification. It also indicates that many species cluster in a limited region of morphospace. For (ii), using a MANOVA in a penalized likelihood framework to test if isotopic data could explain morphology no significant results were obtained suggesting a one-to-many situation in mandibles and a many-to-one for the maxilliped’s basis. For (iii), fitting models of trait evolution to our data, we find that the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck is the best fitting model where morphology is driven by selection towards an optimum. A study of disparity through time finds that disparity is higher than expected under a stochastic model. The high diversification within subclades is likely due to recurrent extinction and allopatric speciation events due to icesheet advance and isolation of species in refugia.
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health literacy --- public health --- health services research --- health equity --- health disparity
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This basic text covers the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of the most prevalent vision disorders in a clinical optometrist's or ophthalmologist's practice. Coverage includes the most common non-strabismic binocular vision disorders, including accommodative and eye movement disorders as well as amblyopia. Coverage of each diagnostic category includes background information, symptoms, case analysis, and management options. Case studies appear at the end of each chapter. This edition includes three new chapters on primary care of binocular vision, accommodative and eye movement disorders; myopia control; and binocular vision problems associated with refractive surgery. The thoroughly revised chapters on vision therapy procedures and instrumentation describe the latest equipment and computer software. The chapters on advanced diagnostic and management issues have been updated with the latest research.
Accommodation, Ocular. --- Binocular vision disorders. --- Ocular Motility Disorders --- Vision Disparity. --- Vision, Binocular. --- Therapy.
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Women in chemistry --- Women chemists --- Research --- Research --- Equity --- Dissolving disparity --- Catalyzing change --- ACS
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Colombia ha enfrentado una historia de violencia y desigualdad, con líderes asesinados, masacres y abusos perpetrados por grupos paramilitares, guerrillas y fuerzas estatales. Un ejemplo reciente son las manifestaciones del paro nacional a finales de abril de 2021, surgidas por el aumento de impuestos de productos esenciales y que fueron marcadas por la brutal represión policial. La violencia y despojo de tierras han sido experiencias cotidianas en la vida de muchos colombianos, particularmente en las zonas rurales y empobrecidas. En este libro, Eduardo Restrepo argumenta que la desigualdad y violencia en Colombia están arraigadas en un orden moral jerarquizado que produce existencias »dispensables«, marcadas por el desprecio y la indiferencia. Aunque el análisis se centra en ese país, sugiere que esta dinámica también puede ser relevante en otros países de América Latina. Restrepo aboga por la importancia de un compromiso ético-político en la elaboración de narrativas más comprensivas sobre los problemas sociales y las luchas por el cambio.
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An der Grundsicherung wird viel Kritik geübt, insbesondere an »Hartz IV«. Die Beiträger*innen zeigen Perspektiven auf, wie die Grundsicherung weitergedacht werden kann: Zum einen bedeutet dies, bisherige Grundsicherungsleistungen zu analysieren, zu kritisieren und fortzuentwickeln - auch über den Rahmen des Sozialgesetzbuches hinaus. Zum anderen gilt es, sicherzustellen, welche Infrastrukturen und Angebote über Einkommenstransfers hinaus für eine Grundversorgung der Bevölkerung und eine inklusive Gesellschaft notwendig sind.
SOCIAL SCIENCE / Social Classes & Economic Disparity. --- Inclusion. --- Political Sociology. --- Politics. --- Social Inequality. --- Sociology of Work and Industry. --- Sociology. --- Welfare State.
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With Hope in the Dark, Rebecca Solnit makes a radical case for hope as a commitment to act in a world whose future remains uncertain and unknowable. Drawing on her decades of activism and a wide reading of environmental, cultural, and political history, Solnit argued that radicals have a long, neglected history of transformative victories, that the positive consequences of our acts are not always immediately seen, directly knowable, or even measurable, and that pessimism and despair rest on an unwarranted confidence about what is going to happen next.
Hope. --- POLITICAL SCIENCE --- SOCIAL SCIENCE --- Social action. --- Social change. --- History & Theory. --- Political Freedom. --- Feminism & Feminist Theory. --- Social Classes & Economic Disparity.
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This paper explores the relationship between key economic and institutional attributes of Tunisian governorates and their ability to attract foreign direct investment inflows. A dynamic generalized method of moments and spatial autoregressive approaches are used to estimate a model of regional foreign direct investment over the recent period. The results provide evidence of regional interdependence of foreign direct investment that appears to be highly clustered along the coastal areas. An increase/decrease of foreign direct investment inflows to a given region creates an incentive/disincentive for other foreign direct investment inflows to the same regions as well as nearby ones. These agglomeration forces are relatively strong in Tunisia in the presence of vertical foreign direct investment. Further, the results indicate that a relatively developed market size, an increase of regional development areas, as well as robust governance practices and infrastructure are positive determinants of regional foreign direct investment inflows. Finally, the paper shows that although some of the determinants exhibit spillover effects on nearby regions, the direct effect on the region represents the bulk of the influence over foreign direct investment inflows.
Agglomeration Economies --- Foreign Direct Investment --- Governance --- Infrastructure --- International Economics and Trade --- Market Size --- Regional Disparity --- Spatial Analysis --- Spillover Effect
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Phenotypic variation within populations are essential for biological evolution. Indeed, phenotypic variation can serve as the raw products upon which natural selection acts. Accordingly, we might question if the level of morphological variation (i.e.disparity) might vary over the ontogeny of one species. Here, I test the hypothetical variation of body shape disparity level between post-larval and adult stages in coral reef fishes. Landmark-based geometric morphometrics methods were used to quantify body shapevariation during ontogeny for four species from Moorea Island (French Polynesia) : the surgeonfishes Acanthurus triostegus and Ctenochaetus striatus, the damselfish Chromis viridis, and the cardinalfish Pristiapogon exostigma. First, post-larvae and adults significantly differ in their body shape, and these variations were discussed in a ecomorphological context. Except C.viridis, all the species showed a higher level of morphological disparity at adult stage than at larval stage. This could be explained by a hyper-specialization of C.viridis in the adult stage for habitat use while the other species can use more habitats in the adult stage than in the post-larval stage.
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