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Demographics of who has, and doesn't have, money. Includes exclusive discretionary income figures.

Income distribution --- Wealth --- Income --- Discretionary income --- Household surveys --- United States --- Economic conditions

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Income --- Income distribution --- Discretionary income --- Poverty --- Destitution --- Wealth --- Basic needs --- Begging --- Poor --- Subsistence economy --- Cost and standard of living

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The majority of economists, would admit that money is powerful and that changes in money will impact the economy, to some extent and most of the time. Monetary theory analyzes and determines how changes in the supply of money affect the economy. The collection of policies that use monetary tools is known as monetary policy. The main monetary authority of a country is its central bank. In the United States it is called the Federal Reserve Bank System (Fed), which is a federation of 12 Federal Reserve Banks. The Fed is responsible for initiating printing of money, monitoring the interest rate, and controlling the supply of money in the economy. Monetary authorities are shielded from executive branch interference by serving 14- year terms. This allows them to act without worrying about political fallout or fear of losing their jobs. The ability to work and function independently from political pressure has been used to claim that the supply of money is exogenous. However, the Fed acts in response to changes in the economy. It constantly monitors the economy and tries to determine the most appropriate interest rate and money supply; therefore, it is acting endogenously. The claim that the Fed's actions are endogenous does not mean that it is immune to errors, political orientations, or has full knowledge of exact amount of money necessary at every moment. Collecting and analyzing data takes time. Using monetary policy to achieve specific objectives, such as a reduction in unemployment and inflation, is even more complicated than determining the correct level of the money supply, or the most appropriate interest rate.

Monetary policy. --- monetary theory --- monetary policy --- IS --- LM --- quantity theory --- Keynes --- fiscal policy --- effectiveness of money --- discretionary policies

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Winner of the 2010 Pacific Sociological Association Distinguished Contribution to Scholarship AwardA lesbian couple rears a child together and, after the biological mother dies, the surviving partner loses custody to the child’s estranged biological father. Four days later, in a different court, judges rule on the side of the partner, because they feel the child relied on the woman as a “psychological parent.” What accounts for this inconsistency regarding gay and lesbian adoption and custody cases, and why has family law failed to address them in a comprehensive manner?In Courting Change, Kimberly D. Richman zeros in on the nebulous realm of family law, one of the most indeterminate and discretionary areas of American law. She focuses on judicial decisions—both the outcomes and the rationales—and what they say about family, rights, sexual orientation, and who qualifies as a parent. Richman challenges prevailing notions that gay and lesbian parents and families are hurt by laws’ indeterminacy, arguing that, because family law is so loosely defined, it allows for the flexibility needed to respond to—and even facilitate — changes in how we conceive of family, parenting, and the role of sexual orientation in family law.Drawing on every recorded judicial decision in gay and lesbian adoption and custody cases over the last fifty years, and on interviews with parents, lawyers, and judges, Richman demonstrates how parental and sexual identities are formed and interpreted in law, and how gay and lesbian parents can harness indeterminacy to transform family law.

Gay parents --- Homosexual parents --- Parents --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- American. --- Kimberly. --- Richman. --- areas. --- discretionary. --- family. --- indeterminate. --- law. --- most. --- nebulous. --- realm. --- zeros.

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Explores and explains the economic status of Americans in the aftermath of the Great Recession.

Discretionary income -- United States -- Statistics. --- Household surveys -- United States. --- Income -- United States -- Statistics. --- Income distribution -- United States -- Statistics. --- United States -- Economic conditions -- 1971-1981 -- Statistics. --- United States -- Economic conditions -- 1981-2001 -- Statistics. --- Income --- Income distribution --- Discretionary income --- Household surveys --- United States --- Economic conditions