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This book explores the enabling technology in optical fiber communications. It focuses on the state-of-the-art advances from fundamental theories, devices, and subsystems to networking applications as well as future perspectives of optical fiber communications. The topics cover include integrated photonics, fiber optics, fiber and free-space optical communications, and optical networking.

Research & information: general --- spectral shaping --- photonic crystal fiber cascade --- zero-dispersion frequencies spacing --- supercontinuum generation --- virtual network embedding --- converged optical networks --- network slicing --- machine learning --- software-defined network --- optical waveguide --- silicon photonics --- silicon nitride --- optical polarization --- bipolar --- optical code division multiple access --- electro-optical modulator --- free-space optics communication --- FiWi access network --- energy efficiency --- power over fiber --- TWDM-PON --- delay analysis --- frequency modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) --- light detection and ranging (LiDAR) --- instantaneous frequency --- coherent optical spectrum analyzer (COSA) --- time-frequency curve --- microstructured optical fiber --- optical fiber sensors --- refractive index sensor --- surface plasmon resonance --- optical fiber communication --- electrical dispersion compensation --- multi-channel digital backpropagation --- equalization-enhanced phase noise --- achievable information rates --- elastic optical network --- invalid spectrum rate --- advanced reservation --- defragmentation --- blocking probability --- spectrum alignment rate --- VCSEL --- neural network-based equalization --- Volterra series-based equalization --- lanthanum-aluminum silicate glass --- polarization-maintaining fiber --- fiber Bragg grating --- Sagnac interferometer --- fluorinated polyimide film --- humidity hysteresis --- optical frequency domain reflectometry --- position deviation compensation --- sub-millimeter spatial resolution --- analysis --- FPGA --- GPON --- MongoDB --- storing --- fiber optics communications --- optical security and encryption --- phase fluctuations --- Elastic Optical Network --- space division multiplexing --- routing --- coherent optical communication --- offset-quadrature amplitude modulation-based filter-bank multicarrier (FBMC/OQAM) --- blind phase noise compensation --- inter-carrier-interference (ICI) --- discrete cosine transform (DCT) --- Brillouin --- ultrafast --- distributed sensing --- pump pulse array --- resolution enhancement --- SNR --- spectral shaping --- photonic crystal fiber cascade --- zero-dispersion frequencies spacing --- supercontinuum generation --- virtual network embedding --- converged optical networks --- network slicing --- machine learning --- software-defined network --- optical waveguide --- silicon photonics --- silicon nitride --- optical polarization --- bipolar --- optical code division multiple access --- electro-optical modulator --- free-space optics communication --- FiWi access network --- energy efficiency --- power over fiber --- TWDM-PON --- delay analysis --- frequency modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) --- light detection and ranging (LiDAR) --- instantaneous frequency --- coherent optical spectrum analyzer (COSA) --- time-frequency curve --- microstructured optical fiber --- optical fiber sensors --- refractive index sensor --- surface plasmon resonance --- optical fiber communication --- electrical dispersion compensation --- multi-channel digital backpropagation --- equalization-enhanced phase noise --- achievable information rates --- elastic optical network --- invalid spectrum rate --- advanced reservation --- defragmentation --- blocking probability --- spectrum alignment rate --- VCSEL --- neural network-based equalization --- Volterra series-based equalization --- lanthanum-aluminum silicate glass --- polarization-maintaining fiber --- fiber Bragg grating --- Sagnac interferometer --- fluorinated polyimide film --- humidity hysteresis --- optical frequency domain reflectometry --- position deviation compensation --- sub-millimeter spatial resolution --- analysis --- FPGA --- GPON --- MongoDB --- storing --- fiber optics communications --- optical security and encryption --- phase fluctuations --- Elastic Optical Network --- space division multiplexing --- routing --- coherent optical communication --- offset-quadrature amplitude modulation-based filter-bank multicarrier (FBMC/OQAM) --- blind phase noise compensation --- inter-carrier-interference (ICI) --- discrete cosine transform (DCT) --- Brillouin --- ultrafast --- distributed sensing --- pump pulse array --- resolution enhancement --- SNR

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Image analysis is a fundamental task for extracting information from images acquired across a range of different devices. Since reliable quantitative results are requested, image analysis requires highly sophisticated numerical and analytical methods—particularly for applications in medicine, security, and remote sensing, where the results of the processing may consist of vitally important data. The contributions to this book provide a good overview of the most important demands and solutions concerning this research area. In particular, the reader will find image analysis applied for feature extraction, encryption and decryption of data, color segmentation, and in the support new technologies. In all the contributions, entropy plays a pivotal role.

keyframes --- time-delay --- whale optimization algorithm --- multilevel thresholding --- multi-exposure image fusion --- additive manufacturing --- patch structure decomposition --- ultra-sound images --- 3D scanning --- Arimoto entropy --- contrast enhancement --- spatial filling factor --- depth maps --- image processing --- 3D prints --- differential evolution --- field of experts --- normalized divergence measure --- image privacy --- multiscale top-hat transform --- q-exponential --- texture information entropy --- diffusion --- hybrid algorithm --- Weibull statistics --- adaptive selection --- nonextensive entropy --- computer aided diagnostics --- fatty liver --- random forest --- DNA encoding --- low contrast --- entropy --- Minkowski island --- fuzzy entropy --- free-form deformations --- person re-identification --- chaotic system --- DNA computing --- pavement --- information entropy --- discrete entropy --- Tsallis statistics --- video skimming --- prime-indexed primes --- natural scene statistics (NSS) --- Hénon map --- q-sigmoid --- image entropy --- Shannon entropy --- macrotexture --- Shannon’s entropy --- binary image --- multi-feature fusion --- image analysis --- uncertainty assessment --- non-rigid registration --- hash layer --- Cantor set --- dynamic filtering --- deep neural network --- security analysis --- multiple-image encryption --- Hamming distance --- blind image quality assessment (BIQA) --- q-Gaussian --- remote sensing --- decay trend --- chaotic cryptography --- chaotic strategy --- cross-entropy loss --- random insertion --- metabolic syndrome --- sign languages --- generalized entropies --- relevance feedback --- image retrieval --- two-dimensional chaotic economic map --- cryptanalysis --- infrared images --- 3D Latin cube --- SHA-256 hash value --- gradient distributions --- structural entropy --- discrete cosine transform (DCT) --- chaotic map --- hepatic steatosis --- machine vision --- electromagnetic field optimization --- security --- image segmentation --- quantization loss --- colonoscopy --- video summarization --- permutation --- Kapur’s entropy --- surface quality assessment --- permutation-diffusion --- Ramanujan primes --- Rényi entropies --- chosen-plaintext attack --- image encryption --- dynamic index --- color image segmentation --- ultrasound --- Otsu method --- sigmoid --- reconstruction --- image information entropy --- 3-D digital imaging --- positron emission tomography --- medical imaging

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This book explores the enabling technology in optical fiber communications. It focuses on the state-of-the-art advances from fundamental theories, devices, and subsystems to networking applications as well as future perspectives of optical fiber communications. The topics cover include integrated photonics, fiber optics, fiber and free-space optical communications, and optical networking.

spectral shaping --- photonic crystal fiber cascade --- zero-dispersion frequencies spacing --- supercontinuum generation --- virtual network embedding --- converged optical networks --- network slicing --- machine learning --- software-defined network --- optical waveguide --- silicon photonics --- silicon nitride --- optical polarization --- bipolar --- optical code division multiple access --- electro-optical modulator --- free-space optics communication --- FiWi access network --- energy efficiency --- power over fiber --- TWDM-PON --- delay analysis --- frequency modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) --- light detection and ranging (LiDAR) --- instantaneous frequency --- coherent optical spectrum analyzer (COSA) --- time-frequency curve --- microstructured optical fiber --- optical fiber sensors --- refractive index sensor --- surface plasmon resonance --- optical fiber communication --- electrical dispersion compensation --- multi-channel digital backpropagation --- equalization-enhanced phase noise --- achievable information rates --- elastic optical network --- invalid spectrum rate --- advanced reservation --- defragmentation --- blocking probability --- spectrum alignment rate --- VCSEL --- neural network-based equalization --- Volterra series-based equalization --- lanthanum-aluminum silicate glass --- polarization-maintaining fiber --- fiber Bragg grating --- Sagnac interferometer --- fluorinated polyimide film --- humidity hysteresis --- optical frequency domain reflectometry --- position deviation compensation --- sub-millimeter spatial resolution --- analysis --- FPGA --- GPON --- MongoDB --- storing --- fiber optics communications --- optical security and encryption --- phase fluctuations --- Elastic Optical Network --- space division multiplexing --- routing --- coherent optical communication --- offset-quadrature amplitude modulation-based filter-bank multicarrier (FBMC/OQAM) --- blind phase noise compensation --- inter-carrier-interference (ICI) --- discrete cosine transform (DCT) --- Brillouin --- ultrafast --- distributed sensing --- pump pulse array --- resolution enhancement --- SNR --- n/a

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Radar-related technology is mainly processed within the time and frequency domains but, at the same time, is a multi-dimensional integrated system including a spatial domain for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves. As a result of the enormous technological advancements of the pioneers actively discussed in this book, research and development in multi-dimensional undeveloped areas is expected to continue. This book contains state-of-the-art work that should guide your research.

History of engineering & technology --- inverse synthetic aperture ladar (ISAL) --- maneuvering target --- integral cubic phase function (ICPF) --- fractional Fourier transform (FRFT) --- non-uniform fast Fourier transform (NUFFT) --- CLEAN technique --- simultaneous polarimetric radar --- constant modulus sequences --- correlation properties --- doppler tolerance --- saliency preprocessing LLC --- saliency detection --- image processing --- scene classification --- antenna array --- automatic guided vehicle --- DoA/DoD estimation --- MIMO radar --- direct position determination --- Doppler --- Doppler rate --- maximum likelihood estimator --- coherent pulse trains --- single moving sensor --- Cramer–Rao lower bound --- bistatic MIMO radar --- DOD/DOA estimation --- mutual coupling --- off-grid sparse problem --- unmanned aerial vehicle --- clustering methods --- man-made targets --- synthetic aperture radar (SAR) --- inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) --- polarimetric decomposition --- Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) --- microwave imaging --- constitutive parameters --- conductivity --- permittivity --- tomography --- RF MEMS --- switch --- analytical approach --- low control voltage --- high switching speed --- high reliability --- radar echo cancellation --- frequency shifting modulation --- interrupted sampling --- radar jamming --- deception jamming --- remote sensing --- SAR --- radon transform --- speckle noise filtering --- maritime traffic monitoring --- wake detection and analysis --- synthetic aperture radar --- differential SAR tomography --- squinted SAR --- 3-D deformation --- 2-D PPS --- maneuvering target detection --- coherent integration --- motion parameter estimation --- second-order phase difference (SoPD) --- time-frequency analysis --- image fusion --- sparse representation --- hyperbolic tangent function --- guided filter --- narrowband interference separation --- block sparse Bayesian learning --- sensing matrix optimization --- block coherence measure --- bistatic inverse synthetic aperture radar --- linear geometry distortion --- prior information --- least square error --- lunar penetrating radar --- local correlation --- SNR --- K-L transform --- seislet transform --- generative adversarial nets --- through-wall radar imaging --- multipath ghost suppression --- generator and discriminator --- ultrahigh resolution --- spaceborne --- curved orbit --- series reversion --- singular value decomposition (SVD) --- deramping-based approach --- crosshole ground penetrating radar (GPR) --- Bayesian inversion --- Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) --- forward model --- modeling error --- discrete cosine transform (DCT) --- through-wall imaging --- contrast target detection --- clutter reduction --- entropy thresholding --- low-rank approximation --- S-transformation --- ISAR --- micro-Doppler --- synchrosqueezing --- PBR (passive bistatic radar) --- clutter suppression --- non-uniform grid --- dilation morphology --- passive bistatic radar --- phased array radar --- parameter estimation --- aircraft surveillance --- GPR --- seasonal permafrost --- electromagnetic wave attribute --- relative water content --- marine radar --- wind direction retrieval --- small wind streak --- local gradient method --- adaptive reduced method --- energy spectrum method --- metamaterial absorber --- double negative --- dual-band --- FMCW radio altimeter --- methodological error --- critical height --- altitude measurement accuracy --- height pulses --- ultra-wide frequency deviation --- sparse recovery --- wideband noise interference --- dechirping --- subspace extraction --- denoising detection --- orthogonal matching pursuit --- pulse radar --- rotating target --- micro-motion feature extraction --- interrupted transmitting and receiving (ITR) --- dual-polarized radar --- DOA estimation --- atomic norm --- comprehensive SAR --- multiparametric SAR observation --- discrete scatterer model --- n/a --- Cramer-Rao lower bound

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• Reference Manager
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Radar-related technology is mainly processed within the time and frequency domains but, at the same time, is a multi-dimensional integrated system including a spatial domain for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves. As a result of the enormous technological advancements of the pioneers actively discussed in this book, research and development in multi-dimensional undeveloped areas is expected to continue. This book contains state-of-the-art work that should guide your research.

History of engineering & technology --- inverse synthetic aperture ladar (ISAL) --- maneuvering target --- integral cubic phase function (ICPF) --- fractional Fourier transform (FRFT) --- non-uniform fast Fourier transform (NUFFT) --- CLEAN technique --- simultaneous polarimetric radar --- constant modulus sequences --- correlation properties --- doppler tolerance --- saliency preprocessing LLC --- saliency detection --- image processing --- scene classification --- antenna array --- automatic guided vehicle --- DoA/DoD estimation --- MIMO radar --- direct position determination --- Doppler --- Doppler rate --- maximum likelihood estimator --- coherent pulse trains --- single moving sensor --- Cramer-Rao lower bound --- bistatic MIMO radar --- DOD/DOA estimation --- mutual coupling --- off-grid sparse problem --- unmanned aerial vehicle --- clustering methods --- man-made targets --- synthetic aperture radar (SAR) --- inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) --- polarimetric decomposition --- Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) --- microwave imaging --- constitutive parameters --- conductivity --- permittivity --- tomography --- RF MEMS --- switch --- analytical approach --- low control voltage --- high switching speed --- high reliability --- radar echo cancellation --- frequency shifting modulation --- interrupted sampling --- radar jamming --- deception jamming --- remote sensing --- SAR --- radon transform --- speckle noise filtering --- maritime traffic monitoring --- wake detection and analysis --- synthetic aperture radar --- differential SAR tomography --- squinted SAR --- 3-D deformation --- 2-D PPS --- maneuvering target detection --- coherent integration --- motion parameter estimation --- second-order phase difference (SoPD) --- time-frequency analysis --- image fusion --- sparse representation --- hyperbolic tangent function --- guided filter --- narrowband interference separation --- block sparse Bayesian learning --- sensing matrix optimization --- block coherence measure --- bistatic inverse synthetic aperture radar --- linear geometry distortion --- prior information --- least square error --- lunar penetrating radar --- local correlation --- SNR --- K-L transform --- seislet transform --- generative adversarial nets --- through-wall radar imaging --- multipath ghost suppression --- generator and discriminator --- ultrahigh resolution --- spaceborne --- curved orbit --- series reversion --- singular value decomposition (SVD) --- deramping-based approach --- crosshole ground penetrating radar (GPR) --- Bayesian inversion --- Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) --- forward model --- modeling error --- discrete cosine transform (DCT) --- through-wall imaging --- contrast target detection --- clutter reduction --- entropy thresholding --- low-rank approximation --- S-transformation --- ISAR --- micro-Doppler --- synchrosqueezing --- PBR (passive bistatic radar) --- clutter suppression --- non-uniform grid --- dilation morphology --- passive bistatic radar --- phased array radar --- parameter estimation --- aircraft surveillance --- GPR --- seasonal permafrost --- electromagnetic wave attribute --- relative water content --- marine radar --- wind direction retrieval --- small wind streak --- local gradient method --- adaptive reduced method --- energy spectrum method --- metamaterial absorber --- double negative --- dual-band --- FMCW radio altimeter --- methodological error --- critical height --- altitude measurement accuracy --- height pulses --- ultra-wide frequency deviation --- sparse recovery --- wideband noise interference --- dechirping --- subspace extraction --- denoising detection --- orthogonal matching pursuit --- pulse radar --- rotating target --- micro-motion feature extraction --- interrupted transmitting and receiving (ITR) --- dual-polarized radar --- DOA estimation --- atomic norm --- comprehensive SAR --- multiparametric SAR observation --- discrete scatterer model --- inverse synthetic aperture ladar (ISAL) --- maneuvering target --- integral cubic phase function (ICPF) --- fractional Fourier transform (FRFT) --- non-uniform fast Fourier transform (NUFFT) --- CLEAN technique --- simultaneous polarimetric radar --- constant modulus sequences --- correlation properties --- doppler tolerance --- saliency preprocessing LLC --- saliency detection --- image processing --- scene classification --- antenna array --- automatic guided vehicle --- DoA/DoD estimation --- MIMO radar --- direct position determination --- Doppler --- Doppler rate --- maximum likelihood estimator --- coherent pulse trains --- single moving sensor --- Cramer-Rao lower bound --- bistatic MIMO radar --- DOD/DOA estimation --- mutual coupling --- off-grid sparse problem --- unmanned aerial vehicle --- clustering methods --- man-made targets --- synthetic aperture radar (SAR) --- inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) --- polarimetric decomposition --- Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) --- microwave imaging --- constitutive parameters --- conductivity --- permittivity --- tomography --- RF MEMS --- switch --- analytical approach --- low control voltage --- high switching speed --- high reliability --- radar echo cancellation --- frequency shifting modulation --- interrupted sampling --- radar jamming --- deception jamming --- remote sensing --- SAR --- radon transform --- speckle noise filtering --- maritime traffic monitoring --- wake detection and analysis --- synthetic aperture radar --- differential SAR tomography --- squinted SAR --- 3-D deformation --- 2-D PPS --- maneuvering target detection --- coherent integration --- motion parameter estimation --- second-order phase difference (SoPD) --- time-frequency analysis --- image fusion --- sparse representation --- hyperbolic tangent function --- guided filter --- narrowband interference separation --- block sparse Bayesian learning --- sensing matrix optimization --- block coherence measure --- bistatic inverse synthetic aperture radar --- linear geometry distortion --- prior information --- least square error --- lunar penetrating radar --- local correlation --- SNR --- K-L transform --- seislet transform --- generative adversarial nets --- through-wall radar imaging --- multipath ghost suppression --- generator and discriminator --- ultrahigh resolution --- spaceborne --- curved orbit --- series reversion --- singular value decomposition (SVD) --- deramping-based approach --- crosshole ground penetrating radar (GPR) --- Bayesian inversion --- Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) --- forward model --- modeling error --- discrete cosine transform (DCT) --- through-wall imaging --- contrast target detection --- clutter reduction --- entropy thresholding --- low-rank approximation --- S-transformation --- ISAR --- micro-Doppler --- synchrosqueezing --- PBR (passive bistatic radar) --- clutter suppression --- non-uniform grid --- dilation morphology --- passive bistatic radar --- phased array radar --- parameter estimation --- aircraft surveillance --- GPR --- seasonal permafrost --- electromagnetic wave attribute --- relative water content --- marine radar --- wind direction retrieval --- small wind streak --- local gradient method --- adaptive reduced method --- energy spectrum method --- metamaterial absorber --- double negative --- dual-band --- FMCW radio altimeter --- methodological error --- critical height --- altitude measurement accuracy --- height pulses --- ultra-wide frequency deviation --- sparse recovery --- wideband noise interference --- dechirping --- subspace extraction --- denoising detection --- orthogonal matching pursuit --- pulse radar --- rotating target --- micro-motion feature extraction --- interrupted transmitting and receiving (ITR) --- dual-polarized radar --- DOA estimation --- atomic norm --- comprehensive SAR --- multiparametric SAR observation --- discrete scatterer model