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This Special Issue contains review articles focusing on several lymphoma entities included in the current WHO classification. The aim of the book is to guide the readers in understanding the evolution of lymphoma classification. The clinicopathological entities described in this issue have been analyzed through the molecular mechanisms involved in their pathogenesis.

Medicine --- lymphomas in PLWH --- KSHV/HHV8 --- EBV --- lymphoma classification --- management --- cART --- HLX --- HOXB9 --- NFIB --- PBX1 --- STAT3 --- TLX2 --- autoimmune hemolytic anemia --- cold agglutinin --- B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder --- lymphomagenesis --- methylation --- histone modification --- indolent --- T-cell --- NK-cell --- lymphoproliferative disorder --- gastrointestinal tract --- genetics --- cell of origin --- T follicular helper cells --- TFH lymphoma --- angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma --- follicular T-cell lymphoma --- peripheral T-cell lymphoma of T-follicular helper immunophenotype --- peripheral T-cell lymphoma --- primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma --- primary cutaneous marginal zone B-cell lymphoma --- primary cutaneous follicle centre lymphoma --- primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, leg-type --- primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified --- intravascular B-cell lymphoma --- EBV+ mucocutaneous ulcer --- Burkitt lymphoma --- epidemiology --- Plasmodium falciparum --- Epstein Barr virus --- registry studies --- multimodal cancer --- non-Hodgkin lymphoma --- HIV/AIDS --- follicular lymphoma --- in situ follicular neoplasia --- FL transformation --- FL in young patients --- diffuse large B-cell lymphoma NOS --- high grade B-cell lymphoma --- lymphoma --- gene expression profiling --- tumor microenvironment --- diagnostics --- centrocytic lymphoma --- intermediate lymphocytic lymphoma --- Jaffe --- mantle cell lymphoma --- mantle zone lymphoma --- cyclin D1 --- lymphomas --- people living with HIV --- tumor prevention in people living with HIV --- KSHV --- BCL2 rearrangement --- genetic alterations --- histological transformation --- targeted therapies --- transformed follicular lymphoma --- lymphoproliferative neoplasms of uncertain biological significance --- monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis --- “in situ” follicular neoplasia --- “in situ” mantle cell neoplasia --- atypical germinal centers --- large B-cell lymphoma with IRF4 rearrangement --- “in situ” high-grade B lymphomas --- Hodgkin lymphoma

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This reprint contains 11 chapters on a wide range of subjects related to the impacts of different types of epidemics on our ability to practice personalized medicine. Together, these chapters provide a broad overview with many different examples of epidemics. The personalization of medicine is present both despite and because of epidemics. Many more examples are possible, but this reprint offers a primary overview emphasizing the widely spread relevance of the topic.

diabetes mellitus --- cluster analyses --- risk factors --- micro- and macrovascular disease --- hyperuricemia --- sex --- renal progression --- chronic kidney disease --- disability --- children --- oral health --- caries --- dental treatment --- personalized medicine --- precision medicine --- Covid-19 --- SARS CoV2 --- epidemiology --- host genetics --- viral genome --- early diagnosis --- type 1 diabetes mellitus --- COVID-19 --- epidemics --- diabetic ketoacidosis --- hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus comorbidity --- IgG --- N-glycosylation --- biomarkers --- tongue pressure --- aging --- community --- elderly --- tuberculosis --- pulmonary function --- respiratory symptoms --- quality of life --- hepatitis C virus --- diffuse large B-cell lymphoma --- survival --- fibrosis --- performance status --- liver toxicity --- abdominal adiposity --- adolescents --- blood pressure --- obesity --- Jordan --- boys --- lung cancer screening --- smoking --- willingness to screen --- education --- n/a

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There are various malignant tumors in the head and neck area, including oral cavity, pharynx, sinonasal cavity, and salivary glands. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common cancer among head and neck cancers. In salivary glands, there are many types of malignancies that can develop, such as malignant lymphoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and mesenchymal tumors. In a clinical setting, imaging, such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), is very important in terms of the prediction of the histological type and the evaluation of the extent of invasion of adjacent structures. In basic research, there are few animal models in head and neck malignancies. In this Special Issue, we broadly discuss the basic and clinical research in head and neck malignancies.

Medicine --- BDNF --- Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor --- navigation --- spatial processing --- trauma --- trauma processing --- Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder --- PSTD --- allocentric --- hippocampus --- sinonasal tract --- malignant tumor --- CT --- MRI --- neuropsychiatric presentation of encephalitis --- paraneoplastic encephalitis --- autoimmune encephalitis --- infectious encephalitis --- diffuse large B-cell lymphoma --- canaloplasty --- non-perforating surgical procedures --- corticosteroid-induced glaucoma --- Schlemm’s canal --- neck mass --- diffusion-weighted MRI --- apparent diffusion coefficient --- procalcitonin --- bacterial meningitis --- viral meningitis --- antibiotic therapy --- biomarker --- differential diagnosis --- human papillomavirus --- human cancer --- head and neck --- reduction therapy --- head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) --- neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) --- myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) --- aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) --- prognosis --- prodigiosin --- doxorubicin --- priming --- influx --- autophagy --- cervical --- cellulitis --- abscess --- deep neck infection --- diabetes mellitus --- MAP1LC3B --- SQSTM1 --- subsites --- tumorigenesis --- oral cancer --- Nox4 --- oral tongue cancer --- squamous cell carcinoma --- surgery --- head and neck squamous cell carcinoma --- HPV --- 11q13 --- gene amplification --- immunohistochemistry --- head and neck cancer --- radiotherapy --- neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio --- survival --- ZFAND4 --- ANUBL1 --- oral squamous cell carcinoma --- nucleotide excision repair --- genetic polymorphism --- concurrent chemoradiotherapy --- HNSCC --- MIF --- 4-IPP --- metabolism --- annexin A9 --- annexin A10 --- differentiation grade --- NGS --- BDNF --- Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor --- navigation --- spatial processing --- trauma --- trauma processing --- Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder --- PSTD --- allocentric --- hippocampus --- sinonasal tract --- malignant tumor --- CT --- MRI --- neuropsychiatric presentation of encephalitis --- paraneoplastic encephalitis --- autoimmune encephalitis --- infectious encephalitis --- diffuse large B-cell lymphoma --- canaloplasty --- non-perforating surgical procedures --- corticosteroid-induced glaucoma --- Schlemm’s canal --- neck mass --- diffusion-weighted MRI --- apparent diffusion coefficient --- procalcitonin --- bacterial meningitis --- viral meningitis --- antibiotic therapy --- biomarker --- differential diagnosis --- human papillomavirus --- human cancer --- head and neck --- reduction therapy --- head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) --- neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) --- myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) --- aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) --- prognosis --- prodigiosin --- doxorubicin --- priming --- influx --- autophagy --- cervical --- cellulitis --- abscess --- deep neck infection --- diabetes mellitus --- MAP1LC3B --- SQSTM1 --- subsites --- tumorigenesis --- oral cancer --- Nox4 --- oral tongue cancer --- squamous cell carcinoma --- surgery --- head and neck squamous cell carcinoma --- HPV --- 11q13 --- gene amplification --- immunohistochemistry --- head and neck cancer --- radiotherapy --- neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio --- survival --- ZFAND4 --- ANUBL1 --- oral squamous cell carcinoma --- nucleotide excision repair --- genetic polymorphism --- concurrent chemoradiotherapy --- HNSCC --- MIF --- 4-IPP --- metabolism --- annexin A9 --- annexin A10 --- differentiation grade --- NGS

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Medicine. --- positron emission tomography --- head and neck neoplasms --- neovascularization --- pathologic --- PET/CT --- urothelial carcinoma --- bladder cancer --- upper tract urothelial carcinoma --- survival --- PET --- PSMA --- prostate --- DCFPyL --- DCFBC --- PSMA-1007 --- ovarian cancer --- relapse --- SUVmax --- targeted therapy --- prognosis --- soft tissue sarcoma (STS) --- pazopanib --- dynamic 18F-FDG PET/CT --- SUV --- two-tissue compartment model --- magnetic resonance imaging --- machine learning --- diffusion --- perfusion --- texture analysis --- squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck --- diffusion-weighted imaging --- malignant pleural mesothelioma --- pleural dissemination --- empyema --- pleural effusion --- mCRPC --- SPECT/CT --- Computer-assisted diagnosis --- XOFIGO --- Therapy response assessment --- circulating miRNAs --- breast cancer --- imaging parameters --- PET/MRI --- biomarkers --- triple negative breast cancer --- VCAM-1 --- SPECT imaging --- sdAbs --- Hounsfield unit --- computed tomography --- adipose tissue --- precision oncology --- FDG-PET/CT --- PERCIST --- metastatic breast cancer --- prostate cancer --- 18F-FACBC --- recurrence --- meta-analysis --- review --- meningioma --- somatostatin receptor --- neuroimaging --- radionuclide therapy --- breast --- imaging --- marker --- radiomics --- Yin Yang 1 --- PDAC --- Mesothelin --- noninvasive imaging --- receptor status --- molecular imaging --- nuclear medicine --- guidelines --- overutilization --- epistemology --- consensus --- mantle cell lymphoma --- 18F-FDG PET/CT --- Deauville criteria --- Radium-223 --- FDG --- castrate resistant prostate cancer --- programmed cell death 1 receptor --- diagnostic imaging --- CTLA-4 Antigen --- Immunotherapy --- Adoptive --- radioactive tracers --- radionuclide imaging --- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes --- PI-RADS --- diffusion kurtosis imaging --- dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging --- 68Gallium-PSMA PET/CT --- prostate-specific-antigen --- PSA kinetics thresholds --- biochemical recurrence --- optimal cutoff level --- non-small-cell lung cancer --- circulating tumor cells --- immunotherapy --- response to treatment --- head and neck cancer --- HPV --- EBV --- p16 --- Molecular imaging --- miRNA expression --- radiogenomics --- radiomic --- diagnosis --- biomarker --- glioblastoma --- radiation therapy --- MRI --- diffusion tensor imaging --- Hodgkin lymphoma --- diffuse large B-cell lymphoma --- staging --- response assessment --- locally advanced cervical cancer --- concurrent chemoradiotherapy --- treatment response --- follow up --- cystic tumor --- International Consensus Guidelines --- intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms --- pancreatic neoplasms --- PD-1 --- PD-L1 --- response to therapy --- NSCLC --- positron-emission tomography --- single-photon emission computed tomography --- immune checkpoint inhibitors --- gold nanoparticle --- heat shock protein 70 --- spectral-CT --- positron emission tomography --- head and neck neoplasms --- neovascularization --- pathologic --- PET/CT --- urothelial carcinoma --- bladder cancer --- upper tract urothelial carcinoma --- survival --- PET --- PSMA --- prostate --- DCFPyL --- DCFBC --- PSMA-1007 --- ovarian cancer --- relapse --- SUVmax --- targeted therapy --- prognosis --- soft tissue sarcoma (STS) --- pazopanib --- dynamic 18F-FDG PET/CT --- SUV --- two-tissue compartment model --- magnetic resonance imaging --- machine learning --- diffusion --- perfusion --- texture analysis --- squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck --- diffusion-weighted imaging --- malignant pleural mesothelioma --- pleural dissemination --- empyema --- pleural effusion --- mCRPC --- SPECT/CT --- Computer-assisted diagnosis --- XOFIGO --- Therapy response assessment --- circulating miRNAs --- breast cancer --- imaging parameters --- PET/MRI --- biomarkers --- triple negative breast cancer --- VCAM-1 --- SPECT imaging --- sdAbs --- Hounsfield unit --- computed tomography --- adipose tissue --- precision oncology --- FDG-PET/CT --- PERCIST --- metastatic breast cancer --- prostate cancer --- 18F-FACBC --- recurrence --- meta-analysis --- review --- meningioma --- somatostatin receptor --- neuroimaging --- radionuclide therapy --- breast --- imaging --- marker --- radiomics --- Yin Yang 1 --- PDAC --- Mesothelin --- noninvasive imaging --- receptor status --- molecular imaging --- nuclear medicine --- guidelines --- overutilization --- epistemology --- consensus --- mantle cell lymphoma --- 18F-FDG PET/CT --- Deauville criteria --- Radium-223 --- FDG --- castrate resistant prostate cancer --- programmed cell death 1 receptor --- diagnostic imaging --- CTLA-4 Antigen --- Immunotherapy --- Adoptive --- radioactive tracers --- radionuclide imaging --- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes --- PI-RADS --- diffusion kurtosis imaging --- dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging --- 68Gallium-PSMA PET/CT --- prostate-specific-antigen --- PSA kinetics thresholds --- biochemical recurrence --- optimal cutoff level --- non-small-cell lung cancer --- circulating tumor cells --- immunotherapy --- response to treatment --- head and neck cancer --- HPV --- EBV --- p16 --- Molecular imaging --- miRNA expression --- radiogenomics --- radiomic --- diagnosis --- biomarker --- glioblastoma --- radiation therapy --- MRI --- diffusion tensor imaging --- Hodgkin lymphoma --- diffuse large B-cell lymphoma --- staging --- response assessment --- locally advanced cervical cancer --- concurrent chemoradiotherapy --- treatment response --- follow up --- cystic tumor --- International Consensus Guidelines --- intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms --- pancreatic neoplasms --- PD-1 --- PD-L1 --- response to therapy --- NSCLC --- positron-emission tomography --- single-photon emission computed tomography --- immune checkpoint inhibitors --- gold nanoparticle --- heat shock protein 70 --- spectral-CT

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The issue of Cancers Journal entitled “Role of Medical Imaging in Cancers” presents a detailed summary of evidences about molecular imaging, including the role of computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), single photon emission tomography (SPET) and positron emission tomography (PET) or PET/CT or PET/MR imaging in many type of tumors (i.e. sarcoma, prostate, breast and others), motivating the role of these imaging modalities in different setting of disease and showing the recent developments, in terms of radiopharmaceuticals, software and artificial intelligence in this field. The collection of articles is very useful for many specialists, because it has been conceived for a multidisciplinary point of view, in order to drive to a personalized medicine.

Medicine. --- positron emission tomography --- head and neck neoplasms --- neovascularization --- pathologic --- PET/CT --- urothelial carcinoma --- bladder cancer --- upper tract urothelial carcinoma --- survival --- PET --- PSMA --- prostate --- DCFPyL --- DCFBC --- PSMA-1007 --- ovarian cancer --- relapse --- SUVmax --- targeted therapy --- prognosis --- soft tissue sarcoma (STS) --- pazopanib --- dynamic 18F-FDG PET/CT --- SUV --- two-tissue compartment model --- magnetic resonance imaging --- machine learning --- diffusion --- perfusion --- texture analysis --- squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck --- diffusion-weighted imaging --- malignant pleural mesothelioma --- pleural dissemination --- empyema --- pleural effusion --- mCRPC --- SPECT/CT --- Computer-assisted diagnosis --- XOFIGO --- Therapy response assessment --- circulating miRNAs --- breast cancer --- imaging parameters --- PET/MRI --- biomarkers --- triple negative breast cancer --- VCAM-1 --- SPECT imaging --- sdAbs --- Hounsfield unit --- computed tomography --- adipose tissue --- precision oncology --- FDG-PET/CT --- PERCIST --- metastatic breast cancer --- prostate cancer --- 18F-FACBC --- recurrence --- meta-analysis --- review --- meningioma --- somatostatin receptor --- neuroimaging --- radionuclide therapy --- breast --- imaging --- marker --- radiomics --- Yin Yang 1 --- PDAC --- Mesothelin --- noninvasive imaging --- receptor status --- molecular imaging --- nuclear medicine --- guidelines --- overutilization --- epistemology --- consensus --- mantle cell lymphoma --- 18F-FDG PET/CT --- Deauville criteria --- Radium-223 --- FDG --- castrate resistant prostate cancer --- programmed cell death 1 receptor --- diagnostic imaging --- CTLA-4 Antigen --- Immunotherapy --- Adoptive --- radioactive tracers --- radionuclide imaging --- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes --- PI-RADS --- diffusion kurtosis imaging --- dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging --- 68Gallium-PSMA PET/CT --- prostate-specific-antigen --- PSA kinetics thresholds --- biochemical recurrence --- optimal cutoff level --- non-small-cell lung cancer --- circulating tumor cells --- immunotherapy --- response to treatment --- head and neck cancer --- HPV --- EBV --- p16 --- Molecular imaging --- miRNA expression --- radiogenomics --- radiomic --- diagnosis --- biomarker --- glioblastoma --- radiation therapy --- MRI --- diffusion tensor imaging --- Hodgkin lymphoma --- diffuse large B-cell lymphoma --- staging --- response assessment --- locally advanced cervical cancer --- concurrent chemoradiotherapy --- treatment response --- follow up --- cystic tumor --- International Consensus Guidelines --- intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms --- pancreatic neoplasms --- PD-1 --- PD-L1 --- response to therapy --- NSCLC --- positron-emission tomography --- single-photon emission computed tomography --- immune checkpoint inhibitors --- gold nanoparticle --- heat shock protein 70 --- spectral-CT --- n/a