Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Curcumin is a yellow–orange pigment obtained from the plant Curcuma longa. The powdered rhizome of this plant, called turmeric, is a common ingredient in curry powders and has a long history of use in traditional Asian medicine. Thus, curcumin has been used extensively in Ayurvedic medicine (Indian system of medicine) and Chinese traditional medicine for centuries as a antinociceptive, antiinflammatory, and antishock agent to relieve pain and inflammation. Epidemiological studies have revealed that in India, where dietary curcumin is consumed daily in the form of curry than in the United States, the morbidity rate attributed to Alzheimer disease (AD) for Indian elders (70–79 years old) is 4.4 times lower compared to the same age group of Americans. Furthermore, elderly healthy individuals who consume curry more frequently show better cognitive performance than senior who do not consume curry. Curcumin has been extensively investigated for treating AD over decades in animal model of AD, where curcumin crosses blood brain barrier and neural cell membranes and mediates its antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antiamyloidogenic , antiangiogenic, antiproliferative, antiapoptotic, metal chelating effects leading to retardation of signal transduction pathways associated with oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Thus, curcumin fulfills the characteristics for an ideal neuroprotective agent for AD with its low toxicity, affordability, and easy accessibility. However, poor bioavailability of curcumin is the major hurdle for its more widespread use in animals and humans. The bioavailability of curcumin can be increased by encapsulation of curcumin into liposomes, cyclodextrin, curcumin conjugate with PLGA, complexation with phospholipids, and synthesis of curcumin analogs. This monograph is the first to describe neurochemical potentials of curcumin for the treatment of AD. This monograph presents readers with cutting edge and comprehensive information on the effect of curcumin on visceral organs and brain. It is hoped that this monograph will be useful to postgraduate students, faculty, research scientists, nutritionists, and physicians, who are curious signal transduction processes associated with antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antiamyloidogenic , antiangiogenic, antiproliferative, and antiapoptotic effects of curcumin on the brain. .

Neuroscience --- Human Anatomy & Physiology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Alzheimer's disease --- Treatment. --- Alzheimer disease --- Alzheimer's dementia --- Curcumin --- Therapeutic use. --- Diferuloylmethane --- Turmeric yellow --- Yellow, Turmeric --- Basal ganglia --- Presenile dementia --- Senile dementia --- Diseases --- Neurochemistry. --- Food science. --- Food Science. --- Science --- Biochemistry --- Neurosciences --- Food—Biotechnology. --- Food --- Biotechnology. --- Biotechnology --- Genetically modified foods --- Food biotechnology

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Nervous system --- Turmeric --- Curcumin --- Degeneration --- Chemotherapy. --- Therapeutic use. --- Diferuloylmethane --- Turmeric yellow --- Yellow, Turmeric --- Antineoplastic agents --- Catechol --- Diarylheptanoids --- Dyes and dyeing --- Enzyme inhibitors --- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents --- Common turmeric --- Curcuma domestica --- Curcuma longa --- Indian saffron --- Saffron, Indian --- Tumeric --- Curcuma --- Spices --- Organs (Anatomy) --- Neurosciences

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Polyamines are ubiquitous polycations essential for all cellular life. The most common polyamines in eukaryotes, spermine, spermidine, and putrescine, exist in millimolar intracellular concentrations that are tightly regulated through biosynthesis, catabolism, and transport. Polyamines interact with, and regulate, negatively charged macromolecules, including nucleic acids, proteins, and ion channels. Accordingly, alterations in polyamine metabolism affect cellular proliferation and survival through changes in gene expression and transcription, translation, autophagy, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Dysregulation of these multifaceted polyamine functions contribute to multiple disease processes, thus their metabolism and function have been targeted for preventive or therapeutic intervention. The correlation between elevated polyamine levels and cancer is well established, and ornithine decarboxylase, the rate-limiting biosynthetic enzyme in the production of putrescine, is a bona fide transcriptional target of the Myc oncogene. Furthermore, induced polyamine catabolism contributes to carcinogenesis that is associated with certain forms of chronic infection and/or inflammation through the production of reactive oxygen species. These and other characteristics specific to cancer cells have led to the development of polyamine-based agents and inhibitors aimed at exploiting the polyamine metabolic pathway for chemotherapeutic and chemopreventive benefit. In addition to cancer, polyamines are involved in the pathologies of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s, parasitic and infectious diseases, wound healing, ischemia/reperfusion injuries, and certain age-related conditions, as polyamines are known to decrease with age. As in cancer, polyamine-based therapies for these conditions are an area of active investigation. With recent advances in immunotherapy, interest has increased regarding polyamine-associated modulation of immune responses, as well as potential immunoregulation of polyamine metabolism, the results of which could have relevance to multiple disease processes. The goal of this Special Issue of Medical Sciences is to present the most recent advances in polyamine research as it relates to health, disease, and/or therapy.

protein synthesis in cancer --- neuroblastoma --- epigenetics --- Drosophila imaginal discs --- pneumococcal pneumonia --- transgenic mice --- spermidine/spermine N1-acetyl transferase --- ?-difluoromethylornithine --- MYC --- skeletal muscle --- protein expression --- curcumin --- colorectal cancer --- autophagy --- human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) --- melanoma --- tumor immunity --- Snyder-Robinson Syndrome --- Streptococcus pneumoniae --- B-lymphocytes --- autoimmunity --- spermine oxidase --- cell differentiation --- diferuloylmethane --- immunity --- antizyme --- transgenic mouse --- polyamine --- hirsutism --- chemoprevention --- CRISPR --- transglutaminase --- polyamine analogs --- NF-?B --- spermine synthase --- atrophy --- aging --- oxidative stress --- mast cells --- African sleeping sickness --- pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma --- eflornithine --- carcinogenesis --- ornithine decarboxylase --- polyamine transport inhibitor --- putrescine --- neutrophils --- spermidine --- untranslated region --- spermine --- polyphenol --- M2 macrophages --- polyamine transport system --- metabolism --- difluoromethylorthinine --- DFMO --- antizyme inhibitors --- capsule --- polyamine transport --- eosinophils --- MCF-7 cells --- difluoromethylornithine --- polyamine metabolism --- mutant BRAF --- polyamines --- cadaverine --- proteomics --- airway smooth muscle cells --- breast cancer --- X-linked intellectual disability --- complementation --- T-lymphocytes --- bis(ethyl)polyamine analogs --- antizyme 1 --- cancer --- osteosarcoma