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During a preliminary study, a bacteriocin produced by Serratia plymuticum strains has been isolated. This bacteriocin shows to be efficient on all tested strains of Erwinia amylovora. However, the efficacy of this bacteriocin depends on bacterial cell growth stage : the bactericidal activity of bacteriocin is reduced when the cells are in the stationary stage. This variability in the efficacy has also been observed in an experiment carried out under controlled conditions on pear plantlets. E. amylovora cells produce a acidic capsule of E.P.S. (amylovoran) that might mask bacteriocin receptors. The marking of this amylovoran by lectin show that it is mostly synthesized during the stationary growth stage. The bacteriocin has been tested on a collection of the E. amylovora strains : E. amylovora strains producing a small amount of amylovoran are very sensitive to the bacteriocin while those producing a large amount of amylovoran show a reduced sensitivity to it. The application of treatments means to degrade these amylovoran leads to an increase of E. amylovora cells sensibility to the bacteriocin. The bacteriocin was purified and antibodies were producted by immunization. These antibodies were used in ELISA tests to evaluate the bacteriocin fixation on two E. amylovora strains producing differently the amylovoran. The results do not show any differences between the tested strains.

Erwinia amylovora --- Erwinia amylovora --- Bacteriocins --- Bacteriocins --- Efficiency --- Efficiency --- developmental stages --- developmental stages --- Serratia plymuticum --- Serratia plymuticum

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Plant developmental stages --- Plant developmental stages --- Pisum sativum --- Pisum sativum --- Standards --- Standards --- Development stages --- Development stages

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HOMARUS AMERICANUS --- HABITATS --- DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES --- REVIEWS --- CONTAMINANTS --- HOMARUS AMERICANUS --- HABITATS --- DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES --- REVIEWS --- CONTAMINANTS --- EFFECTS

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This volume provides a comprehensive overview of the major areas of research in the field of child language acquisition. It is divided into seven parts and 19 chapters. Part I is an introduction and overview. Part II covers central issues in the study of child language acquisition, focusing on syntax, including those of innateness, maturation, and modularity and presents some of the major theoretical orientations of the field. Part III focuses on children's word learning, while Part IV deals with the acquisition of phonology and pragmatics. Both parts III and IV are concerned with children's language acquisition in areas other than syntax. Part V includes three chapters on methodological and research issues. Types of input to the child can vary not only in quality and quantity but in modality as well. Their effects, are examined in Part VI in three chapters on monolingual spoken input, the acquisition of signed rather than spoken language, and bilingual children respectively. Part VII contains 2 chapters that explore the study of language and speech disorders. One chapter focuses on a review of research on phonological disorders in children and the other focuses on the problems that constitute specific language impairment. Conains extensive references, a list of abbreviations, and author and subject indexes. (KFT).

Child Language. --- Communication Disorders. --- Communication Problems. --- Developmental Stages.

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Tribolium --- Tribolium --- Stored products pests --- Stored products pests --- identification. --- identification --- developmental stages --- developmental stages --- Semiochemicals --- Semiochemicals --- Infestation --- Infestation