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medical research --- health sciences --- developing economy

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ver the past thirty years, in common with a number of other Sub-Saharan African countries, Tanzania has experienced a period of painful adjustment followed by relatively rapid and stable economic growth. However the extent of progress on poverty reduction and the sustainability of the development process are both open to question. In this book, prominent international observers provide a range of different perspectives on the process of development over time and the issues facing a rapidly growing African economy: political economy; agriculture and rural livelihoods; industrial development; urbanisation; aid and trade; tourism; and the use of natural resources. Comparisons are drawn with other African economies as well as other developing countries, such as Vietnam. An invaluable deep review of Tanzania's economy and development, the book also looks at the wider implications of the research for the future on the continent and beyond.

Economic development --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Economic policy --- Economics --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse --- Tanzania --- Economic conditions --- African Countries. --- African Economy. --- Comparative Perspective. --- David Potts. --- Developing Economy. --- Development Progress. --- Economic Growth. --- Economic Research. --- Emerging Scholars. --- Gender Studies. --- NGOS. --- Policymakers. --- Poverty Reduction. --- Tanzanian Development.

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Subsidies and cross-subsidies in the energy sector are common throughout Eastern Europe and Central Asia. In Belarus, revenues from an industrial tariff on electricity are used to cross-subsidize heating for households. Input-output (IO) data and a household consumption survey are used to analyze the distributional impacts of this cross-subsidization. This paper illustrates cost shares and electricity-intensity of different sectors and consumption categories and uses the IO data to obtain first-order estimates of the distributional incidence of policy reform. The paper then analyzes distributional impacts of subsidy reform with a Computable General Equilibrium model. Although poorer households benefit from reduced heating costs, the increase in prices of other consumer goods due to higher electricity prices more than offsets the benefits they receive from the subsidies. The analysis finds that the current cross-subsidies are regressive, and policy reform would be highly progressive.

Agriculture --- Approach --- Banking --- Benchmark --- Benchmark data --- Capital --- Capital returns --- Commodities --- Commodity --- Communication --- Competition --- Consumer demand --- Consumer good --- Consumer goods --- Consumer groups --- Consumer prices --- Consumers --- Consumption --- Cost increase --- Cost of electricity --- Cost of funds --- Costs --- Customer --- Customers --- Demand --- Developing economy --- Development policy --- Distribution --- District heating --- Domestic market --- Domestic price --- Economic cooperation --- Economic development --- Economic statistics --- Economic systems --- Economic theory & research --- Economics literature --- Elasticity --- Elasticity of substitution --- Electricity --- Electricity prices --- Emerging markets --- Energy --- Energy price --- Energy prices --- Energy production and transportation --- Equilibrium --- Equilibrium analysis --- Equilibrium price --- Equilibrium prices --- Exchange --- Expenditure --- Expenditures --- Export market --- Exports --- Externalities --- Factors of production --- Foreign exchange --- Fossil --- Fossil fuel --- Fuel --- Fuels --- Functional forms --- General equilibrium analysis --- Goods --- Heat --- Household analysis --- Income --- Income group --- Income groups --- Income levels --- Incomes --- Inputs --- Intermediate goods --- International markets --- Inventory --- Macroeconomics and economic growth --- Marginal cost --- Market --- Markets --- Markets & market access --- Multipliers --- Natural resources --- Oil --- Oil products --- Optimization --- Output --- Outputs --- Payments --- Perfect competition --- Price --- Price change --- Price changes --- Price index --- Price levels --- Prices --- Pricing --- Pricing policy --- Pricing scheme --- Private sector development --- Product --- Production --- Production costs --- Production function --- Production functions --- Production increases --- Production of coke --- Production structure --- Products --- Rate of return --- Real estate --- Rent --- Residential energy --- Revenue --- Savings --- Share --- Shares --- Subsidies --- Subsidization --- Subsidy --- Substitute --- Substitutes --- Substitution --- Supply --- Supply costs --- Tariff --- Tax --- Tax rate --- Tax rates --- Taxes --- Theory --- Total output --- Trade --- Transition economies --- Transport --- Transport economics policy and planning --- Trends --- Utility --- Utility functions --- Value --- Value added --- Variables --- Wealth --- Welfare

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The essays brought together in this volume share a common objective: To bring a unifying methodological approach to the analysis of financial problems in developing, open economies. While the primary focus is on contemporary Latin America, the methods employed and the lessons learned are of wider applicability. The papers address the financial integration issue from three different perspectives. In some cases, a country study is the vehicle for an econometric investigation of a particular external linkage. In other cases, an individual country's experience suggests an economic model in which the stylized facts may be analyzed and developed. A third direction is unabashedly theoretical and formulates more general principles which are broadly applicable rather than country-specific.

Capital market --- Debts, External --- Foreign exchange rates --- Finance --- Congresses --- Latin America --- Foreign economic relations --- -Debts, External --- -Finance --- -Foreign exchange rates --- -AA / International- internationaal --- LAM / Latin America - Latijns Amerika - Amérique Latine --- 339.115 --- 336.61 --- 333.600 --- 333.80 --- 332.221 --- 333.841 --- 333.44 --- 333.450 --- Result of the NBER Conference held in Mexico City, 26-27 March 1981 --- NBB congres --- Exchange rates --- Fixed exchange rates --- Flexible exchange rates --- Floating exchange rates --- Fluctuating exchange rates --- Foreign exchange --- Rates of exchange --- Funding --- Funds --- Economics --- Currency question --- Debts, Foreign --- Debts, International --- External debts --- Foreign debts --- International debts --- Debt --- International finance --- Investments, Foreign --- Capital markets --- Market, Capital --- Financial institutions --- Loans --- Money market --- Securities --- Crowding out (Economics) --- Efficient market theory --- Buitenlandse schuld. Debt Equity Swap in LDC. --- Financieel beleid. --- Financiële markten. Kapitaalmarkten (algemeenheden). --- Geld-, bank- en kredietpolitiek. Kapitaalmarkt en -rente: algemeenheden. --- Indexering van de lonen. Glijdende loonschaal. --- Inflatie. --- Monetaire congressen, conferenties en onderzoeken. --- Theorie van het deviezenverkeer. Theorie van de koopkrachtpariteit. --- Rates --- Asociación Latinoamericana de Libre Comercio countries --- Neotropical region --- Neotropics --- New World tropics --- Spanish America --- -Congresses. --- AA / International- internationaal --- Indexering van de lonen. Glijdende loonschaal --- Monetaire congressen, conferenties en onderzoeken --- Theorie van het deviezenverkeer. Theorie van de koopkrachtpariteit --- Financiële markten. Kapitaalmarkten (algemeenheden) --- Geld-, bank- en kredietpolitiek. Kapitaalmarkt en -rente: algemeenheden --- Inflatie --- Financieel beleid --- Buitenlandse schuld. Debt Equity Swap in LDC --- Congresses. --- Latin American countries --- Monetary policies --- Influence of international capital markets --- E-books --- Cambistry --- Currency exchange --- Exchange, Foreign --- Foreign currency --- Foreign exchange problem --- Foreign money --- Forex --- FX (Finance) --- International exchange --- Currency crises --- Capital market - Latin America - Congresses --- Debts, External - Latin America - Congresses --- Foreign exchange rates - Latin America - Congresses --- Finance - Latin America - Congresses --- Latin America - Foreign economic relations - Congresses --- international, global, capitalism, goods, trade, marketplace, latin america, regional, geographical, problems, essay collection, anthology, analysis, academic, scholarly, research, educational, argument, higher ed, college, university, methodology, methodological, approaches, finance, developing, economy, economics, contemporary, modern, present day, integration, econometric, theoretical, debt, brazil, deficit, mexico, wages, history, historical, inflation.