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The optimization of charcoal production in a retort kiln calls for control of the carbonization mass and energy flows. These ones depend essentially on three types of factors : the physico-chemical characteristics of the raw material, the operational parameters and the reactor parameters. A critical analysis of these factors has been conducted and completed by an evaluation of the existing pyrolysis models. The main objective of the thesis has been inferred : to define a general law describing existing links between the major physical characteristics of wood and the carbonization mass and energy flows. The carbonization experiments show the considerable importance of wood moisture content regarding mass and energy flows. The other physical properties - density, dimension, shape - are of a secondary importance. The heating rate is also a determining factor of mass and energy flows. The results of the carbonization experiments lead to the development of a phenomenological modelization of mass and energy flows of the total volatile matter produced through wood carbonization in retort kilns. This modelization is based on the logistic symmetrical function. The mass flow model is applied to an industrial pilot kiln. This application confirms the major effect of wood moisture content upon the economics of carbonization.

Fuelwood --- Fuelwood --- Quality --- Quality --- humidity --- humidity --- Charcoal --- Charcoal --- technology --- technology --- destructive distillation of wood --- destructive distillation of wood --- Charcoal kilns --- Charcoal kilns --- Heat recovery --- Heat recovery --- Gases --- Gases --- energy --- energy --- Models --- Models

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Durabilité --- Sustainability --- Carbonisation du bois --- destructive distillation of wood --- Bois de chauffage --- Fuelwood --- Agroforesterie --- agroforestry --- Zone périurbaine --- Suburban areas --- Charbon de bois --- Charcoal --- Dendroénergie --- Wood energy --- Communautés locales --- Local communities --- Afrique centrale --- Central Africa --- Democratic Republic of the Congo --- AFC Central Africa --- deforestation --- forests --- urban areas --- energy --- wood --- sustainable management --- sustainable development --- Makala --- Redd+