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In a context of climate changes around the world and a willingness to achieve the goal fixed, the 2015 Paris Agreement, decarbonized strategies must be established. With this climate change, an increase in cooling consumption of buildings can be expected. The current solution to achieve thermal com- fort in buildings is to install air conditioning units to produce fresh air to cool the buildings. These conventional air-conditioning systems consume a relatively large amount of electricity to produce this cold, but also use refrigerants that contribute to the greenhouse effect and the destruction of the ozone layer. However, there are alternatives to conventional air conditioning, including evaporative cooling systems with a desiccant wheel. The aim of this study is to evaluate different evaporative cooling techniques, including a review of the different possible designs and configurations. A modelling of the whole cycle for a standard configuration is performed. The modelling of each component of the cycle is addressed, a simple model for each component and a complex model for the desiccant wheel and the rotary air-air exchanger. A parametric study for each model is carried out in order to observe the impact of the evolution of the parameters on the outputs of each model. A calibration of the simple models for the desiccant wheel and the rotary air-air exchanger is carried out from data generated with the complex model as well as a validation in order to evaluate the relevance of a simple model next to a complex model. For the desiccant wheel, the simple model can substitute the complex model because the error on the desiccant wheel output is ±0.5[K] and ±0.3[g_water/kg_air]. For the rotary exchanger, the simple model does not allow to substitute the complex model, other elements like the flow rate must be taken into account in the efficiency calculation. This type of technology can be applied especially in hot and humid climates as it allows the regulation of both temperature and humidity to ensure optimal thermal comfort. Even more so by improving the way in which the regeneration temperature of the desiccant wheel is reached as well as by installing solar collectors in order to make the system almost autonomous in energy.
Evaporative cooling --- Desiccant wheel --- Modelling --- Ingénierie, informatique & technologie > Energie
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In recent years, the interest of the scientific community towards efficient energy systems has significantly increased. One of the reasons is certainly related to the change in the temperature of the planet, which has increased by 0.76 °C with respect to preindustrial levels, according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), and is still increasing. The European Union considers it vital to prevent global warming from exceeding 2 °C with respect to pre-industrial levels, as it has been proven that this will result in irreversible and potentially catastrophic changes. These changes in climate are mainly caused by greenhouse gas emissions related to human activities, and can be drastically reduced by employing energy systems for the heating and cooling of buildings, as well as for power production, characterized by high efficiency levels and/or based on renewable energy sources. This Special Issue, published in the Energies journal, includes 13 contributions from across the world, including a wide range of applications such as hybrid residential renewable energy systems, desiccant-based air handling units, heat exchanges for engine WHR, solar chimney systems, and other interesting topics.
visualization --- numerical and experimental studies --- geothermal energy --- modeling --- dynamic simulation --- spirally corrugated pipe --- ancillary services --- electric energy --- renewables --- batch transportation --- energy and environmental analysis --- energy storage --- microgrids --- optimization --- startup --- solar chimney --- bubble absorber --- tapping --- genetic programming --- plate heat exchanger --- computational fluid dynamics --- absorption cooling --- thermosyphon --- two-phase ejector --- desiccant wheel --- genetic algorithms --- radial ventilation duct --- fluid field --- steelmaking --- ground source heat pump --- fast thermal simulation --- Biot number --- turbo-electric generator --- solar heating and cooling --- exhaust steam --- method of calculation --- model predictive control --- R744 --- dynamic simulations --- linear regression --- crude oil pipeline --- thermal storage --- hygroscopic materials --- melting --- refining --- two-phase flow --- phase change --- heat pump --- hybrid systems --- predictive models --- bentonite buffer material --- backflow --- ground-air heat exchanger --- waste heat recovery --- Ca-type bentonite --- consumption --- protracted fin --- single-channel ventilation --- operating state --- refrigeration --- electric arc furnace --- ammonia-lithium nitrate --- drying --- exhaust emissions --- object-oriented modelling --- body-fitted coordinate-based proper orthogonal decomposition reduced-order model (BFC-POD-ROM) --- transport scheme determination --- analytical and experimental solutions --- thermal conductivity --- low-order model --- heat exchanger --- air-cooled steam turbine generator --- air flow
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