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In this research, I critically analyse the challenges that irregular migrants residing in Barcelona face in obtaining the work contract that is obligatory for the regularisation mechanism arraigo social. The arraigo social is set by Spanish national law, whereas some competencies are handed over to the region or the municipality. I argue that although cities take essential steps to improve the situations of irregular migrants on their territory compared with the national level and often grant forms of urban citizenship, there are still many challenges that irregular migrants face in getting regularised. Secondly, I argue that the requirement of a work contract and the mechanism arraigo social in general work as an instrument applied by the state to “silently exclude” individuals from citizenship without harming the self-image of the liberal state. This goes hand in hand with forms of deservingness, filtering the “good” from the “bad” migrant. I argue that on the national level, these dynamics are produced and then partially reproduced on the city level of Barcelona. The research design is a case study focusing on a snapshot of the experiences of irregular migrants in Barcelona. I collected empirical data through eight semi-structured interviews with (former) irregular migrants living in Barcelona. In this paper, I combine the literature on citizenship, irregularity, and multilevel migration governance, focusing on the concepts of deservingness and urban citizenship. I work out relevant results that can fill gaps in this body of literature, and guide NGOs, city governments and stakeholders in promoting regularisations. There is room for improvement toward more humane migration governance if we understand the main challenges for irregular migrants to get regularised and, in this case, to obtain a suitable work contract.

Urban citizenship --- Deservingness --- Irregular migration --- Regularisation --- Arraigo social --- Sciences sociales & comportementales, psychologie > Sociologie & sciences sociales

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The Addressing Food and Nutrition Security in Developed Countries Special Issue is a collection of papers from researchers in counties with developed economies who are responding to increasing prevalence of food insecurity. Food insecurity is relatively hidden, and the real extent of the problem is likely to be underestimated in many of these countries. Novel methods to estimate the prevalence of food insecurity in the face of no routine measurement are presented. Population surveys highlight adverse mental health outcomes and new and emerging subgroups that are experiencing food insecurity. Understanding the factors associated with food insecurity and how people cope is extremely important when considering how best to address the problem. Readers can become familiar with the lived experience of food insecurity in some countries—essential intelligence for effective policy and interventions. The extent of food banking operations and the nature of the charitable response in some countries is also described. Country-specific research highlights the importance of understanding the cultural and external environmental context. The influence the cost of food and budgetary tools on diet and food insecurity suggests opportunities for intervention. Researchers calls for social protection and high-quality dignified responses to address this complex public health problem.

diet affordability --- California Health Interview Survey --- Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander --- deservingness --- subsidy --- mental health --- remote --- welfare state --- incentive --- cost of a healthy diet --- access to food --- monitoring and surveillance --- INFORMAS --- children --- qualitative --- disadvantages --- poverty --- food insecurity --- food service --- social support --- reference budgets --- determinants --- non-communicable disease --- Canadian adults --- monitoring --- diet prices --- inequality --- food affordability --- physical health --- food equality --- Finland --- diet-related chronic disease --- older people --- women --- Pacific diets --- Newstart allowance --- charitable food services --- Indigenous --- social assistance --- food system --- Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) --- Healthy Diets ASAP tool --- prevalence --- policy --- food charity --- sex --- secondary data --- food assistance --- developed countries --- social enterprise models --- low income --- M?ori diets --- household --- food poverty --- social assistance payments --- food price --- community store --- Hurricane Katrina --- stressful life events --- fiscal policy --- food stress --- low-to-middle income --- trauma-informed --- rural --- experience --- stressors --- Indigenous population --- research --- affordability --- social determinants --- social security --- charity --- obesity prevention --- Sustainable Development Goals --- obesity --- nutrition environment --- coping strategies --- welfare recipients --- Food-based dietary guidelines --- food surveys --- experiences --- fruit and vegetables --- food aid recipient --- hunger --- nutrition --- food supply --- mixed methodology research --- nutrition policy --- household food insecurity --- food prices --- Asian Americans --- intervention --- English language use --- values --- Scotland --- acculturation --- disaster --- voluntary failure --- family health --- surveillance --- diet --- food banks --- scoping review --- ageing --- rural communities --- path diagram --- Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population --- food pricing --- homeless --- families --- food and nutrition security --- food bank --- co-creation --- urban --- food security --- food policy --- depression --- diet price --- food aid