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This edited volume focuses on measuring and evaluating the effectiveness of diverse formal and informal educational programmes and activities across Europe. This publication contributes to the field by offering more empirical evidence as to the effective ways in which education can reduce social gaps in civic and political engagement. As editors, we prioritised the contributions of early-career researchers and those who have adopted fresh approaches and topics and highlighted helpful strategies to improve social equality and provide a more equitable distribution of learning resources among underprivileged groups. After two years’ close collaboration among academic editors, journal editors and authors, this Special Issue has finally been released in 2021 with eight papers. Inter alia, three papers focus on the school’s role in developing young people’s citizenship competences, such as knowledge, skills, interests and attitudes towards diversity. Two articles explore exclusion/minority groups cases, indicating valuable lessons for developing tailored educational materials and/or activities for hard-to-reach groups. As a unique contribution, two more papers emphasise experimental studies: the paper written by Steven Donbavand and Bryony Hoskins provides a comprehensive and systematic review of all the experimental designs on promoting political participation, whereas the submission written by Sven Ivens and Monika Oberle unpacks some details on how a digital intervention operates and improves to produce satisfying outcomes.

Humanities --- Education --- digital simulation game --- design-based research --- empirical research --- civic education --- European Union --- citizenship education --- citizenship competences --- educational effectiveness --- school policies --- learning environment --- classroom climate --- teaching practices --- hard-to-reach learners --- vocational transition system --- simulation game --- discrimination --- Brussels --- adolescents --- disadvantaged youth --- violence --- democracy --- social cohesion --- social polarization --- citizenship --- inequality --- minority education --- democratic citizenship --- controlled trials --- political engagement --- diversity --- differentiation --- school as practice ground

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This edited volume focuses on measuring and evaluating the effectiveness of diverse formal and informal educational programmes and activities across Europe. This publication contributes to the field by offering more empirical evidence as to the effective ways in which education can reduce social gaps in civic and political engagement. As editors, we prioritised the contributions of early-career researchers and those who have adopted fresh approaches and topics and highlighted helpful strategies to improve social equality and provide a more equitable distribution of learning resources among underprivileged groups. After two years’ close collaboration among academic editors, journal editors and authors, this Special Issue has finally been released in 2021 with eight papers. Inter alia, three papers focus on the school’s role in developing young people’s citizenship competences, such as knowledge, skills, interests and attitudes towards diversity. Two articles explore exclusion/minority groups cases, indicating valuable lessons for developing tailored educational materials and/or activities for hard-to-reach groups. As a unique contribution, two more papers emphasise experimental studies: the paper written by Steven Donbavand and Bryony Hoskins provides a comprehensive and systematic review of all the experimental designs on promoting political participation, whereas the submission written by Sven Ivens and Monika Oberle unpacks some details on how a digital intervention operates and improves to produce satisfying outcomes.

Humanities --- Education --- digital simulation game --- design-based research --- empirical research --- civic education --- European Union --- citizenship education --- citizenship competences --- educational effectiveness --- school policies --- learning environment --- classroom climate --- teaching practices --- hard-to-reach learners --- vocational transition system --- simulation game --- discrimination --- Brussels --- adolescents --- disadvantaged youth --- violence --- democracy --- social cohesion --- social polarization --- citizenship --- inequality --- minority education --- democratic citizenship --- controlled trials --- political engagement --- diversity --- differentiation --- school as practice ground --- n/a

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Can libertarians care about social justice? In Free Market Fairness, John Tomasi argues that they can and should. Drawing simultaneously on moral insights from defenders of economic liberty such as F. A. Hayek and advocates of social justice such as John Rawls, Tomasi presents a new theory of liberal justice. This theory, free market fairness, is committed to both limited government and the material betterment of the poor. Unlike traditional libertarians, Tomasi argues that property rights are best defended not in terms of self-ownership or economic efficiency but as requirements of democratic legitimacy. At the same time, he encourages egalitarians concerned about social justice to listen more sympathetically to the claims ordinary citizens make about the importance of private economic liberty in their daily lives. In place of the familiar social democratic interpretations of social justice, Tomasi offers a "market democratic" conception of social justice: free market fairness. Tomasi argues that free market fairness, with its twin commitment to economic liberty and a fair distribution of goods and opportunities, is a morally superior account of liberal justice. Free market fairness is also a distinctively American ideal. It extends the notion, prominent in America's founding period, that protection of property and promotion of real opportunity are indivisible goals. Indeed, according to Tomasi, free market fairness is social justice, American style. Provocative and vigorously argued, Free Market Fairness offers a bold new way of thinking about politics, economics, and justice--one that will challenge readers on both the left and right.

Liberalism. --- Equality. --- Liberty. --- Capitalism. --- Free enterprise. --- Free markets --- Laissez-faire --- Markets, Free --- Private enterprise --- Market economy --- Civil liberty --- Emancipation --- Freedom --- Liberation --- Personal liberty --- Egalitarianism --- Inequality --- Social equality --- Social inequality --- Liberal egalitarianism --- Economic policy --- Economics --- Profit --- Capital --- Democracy --- Natural law --- Political science --- Equality --- Libertarianism --- Social control --- Sociology --- Liberty --- Social sciences --- Liberalism --- Capitalism --- Free enterprise --- E-books --- Adam Smith. --- F. A. Hayek. --- Jean-Jacques Rousseau. --- John Rawls. --- John Stuart Mill. --- classical liberalism. --- democratic citizenship. --- democratic legitimacy. --- difference principle. --- distribution. --- distributional adequacy condition. --- distributive justice. --- economic exceptionalism. --- economic freedom. --- economic growth. --- economic liberty. --- economics. --- environmental justice. --- equality. --- fairness. --- feasibility. --- free market fairness. --- high liberalism. --- ideal theory. --- institutional guarantees. --- institutions. --- international aid. --- just savings principle. --- justice as fairness. --- justice. --- left liberalism. --- liberal justice. --- liberal theory. --- libertarianism. --- market democracy. --- market society. --- natural liberty. --- opportunity. --- political philosophy. --- politics. --- poor. --- populism. --- property rights. --- property. --- realistic utopianism. --- social democracy. --- social justice. --- social justicitis. --- social order. --- social service programs. --- spontaneous order. --- taxation.

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"This book tracks the dramatic outcomes of the federal government's growing involvement in higher education between World War I and the 1970s, and the conservative backlash against that involvement from the 1980s onward. Using cutting-edge analysis, Christopher Loss recovers higher education's central importance to the larger social and political history of the United States in the twentieth century, and chronicles its transformation into a key mediating institution between citizens and the state. Framed around the three major federal higher education policies of the twentieth century--the 1944 GI Bill, the 1958 National Defense Education Act, and the 1965 Higher Education Act--the book charts the federal government's various efforts to deploy education to ready citizens for the national, bureaucratized, and increasingly global world in which they lived. Loss details the myriad ways in which academic leaders and students shaped, and were shaped by, the state's shifting political agenda as it moved from a preoccupation with economic security during the Great Depression, to national security during World War II and the Cold War, to securing the rights of African Americans, women, and other previously marginalized groups during the 1960s and '70s. Along the way, Loss reappraises the origins of higher education's current-day diversity regime, the growth of identity group politics, and the privatization of citizenship at the close of the twentieth century. At a time when people's faith in government and higher education is being sorely tested, this book sheds new light on the close relations between American higher education and politics"--

EDUCATION / Higher --- EDUCATION / History --- HISTORY / United States / 20th Century --- Education, Higher --- Federal aid to higher education --- Higher education and state --- College students --- Higher education --- Postsecondary education --- Universities and colleges --- History. --- Economic aspects --- Social aspects --- Political aspects --- Aims and objectives --- Education --- 1920s. --- 1930s. --- 1940s. --- 1944 G.I. Bill. --- 1950s. --- 1958 National Defense Education Act. --- 1960s. --- 1965 Higher Education Act. --- 1970s. --- American higher education. --- American state. --- Army Information and Education Division. --- Cold War. --- G.I. Bill. --- Great Depression. --- Higher Education Act 1965. --- New Deal state. --- New Deal. --- U.S. Army. --- World War I. --- World War II. --- anticommunism. --- bureaucratic state. --- citizen-soldiers. --- democratic citizenship. --- diversity. --- economic security. --- educated citizenship. --- emotional health. --- federal government. --- financial concerns. --- hierarchical organizations. --- higher education. --- identity. --- ideological differences. --- land grants. --- land-grant colleges. --- land-grant universities. --- marginalized groups. --- national leaders. --- national security. --- parastate. --- personal adjustment. --- political apathy. --- political history. --- privatization. --- psychology. --- public opinion polls. --- public opinion. --- rights revolution. --- social history. --- soldier education. --- student well-being. --- student-citizens. --- twentieth century.