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"This volume presents a selection of papers showing the current focus of studies of deformation structures and processes within the continental crust. The selected contributions use a large range of analytical techniques suited to the full range of structure sizes and fine-tuned to the physical process that controls the deformation, from the grain boundary at the micro-scale, the lithological contact at the meso-scale to the plate boundary at the global scale."--

Rock deformation --- Continental crust --- Dynamic & Structural Geology --- Geology --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Deformation mechanisms --- Rheology --- Tectonics --- Continental crust --- Deformation mechanisms --- Rheology --- Tectonics --- Continental crust

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Due to their lightweight and high specific strength, Mg-based alloys are considered as substitutes to their heavier counterparts in applications in which corrosion is non-relevant and weight saving is of importance. Furthermore, due to the biocompatibility of Mg, some alloys with controlled corrosion rates are used as degradable implant materials in the medical sector. The typical processing route of Mg parts incorporates a casting step and, subsequently, a thermo–mechanical treatment. In order to achieve the desired macroscopic properties and thus fulfill the service requirements, thorough knowledge of the relationship between the microstructure, the processing steps, and the resulting property profile is necessary. This Special Issue covers in situ and ex situ experimental and computational investigations of the behavior under thermo–mechanical load of Mg-based alloys utilizing modern characterization and simulation techniques. The papers cover investigations on the effect of rare earth additions on the mechanical properties of different Mg alloys, including the effect of long-period stacking-ordered (LPSO) structures, and the experimental and computational investigation of the effect of different processing routes.

Technology: general issues --- magnesium alloys --- long period stacking ordered structures (LPSO) --- synchrotron radiation diffraction --- magnesium alloy --- low-speed extrusion --- microstructure evolution --- mechanical properties --- thermomechanical processing --- calcium addition --- disintegrated melt deposition --- processing map --- formability --- initial texture --- deformation mechanism --- texture evolution --- ductile damage --- GTN model --- magnesium --- in-situ --- deformation mechanisms --- deformation behaviour --- restoration mechanisms --- electron microscopy --- characterisation --- in-situ diffraction --- Mg-LPSO alloys --- neutron diffraction --- EBSD --- dislocation slip --- twinning --- magnesium alloys --- long period stacking ordered structures (LPSO) --- synchrotron radiation diffraction --- magnesium alloy --- low-speed extrusion --- microstructure evolution --- mechanical properties --- thermomechanical processing --- calcium addition --- disintegrated melt deposition --- processing map --- formability --- initial texture --- deformation mechanism --- texture evolution --- ductile damage --- GTN model --- magnesium --- in-situ --- deformation mechanisms --- deformation behaviour --- restoration mechanisms --- electron microscopy --- characterisation --- in-situ diffraction --- Mg-LPSO alloys --- neutron diffraction --- EBSD --- dislocation slip --- twinning

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Due to their lightweight and high specific strength, Mg-based alloys are considered as substitutes to their heavier counterparts in applications in which corrosion is non-relevant and weight saving is of importance. Furthermore, due to the biocompatibility of Mg, some alloys with controlled corrosion rates are used as degradable implant materials in the medical sector. The typical processing route of Mg parts incorporates a casting step and, subsequently, a thermo–mechanical treatment. In order to achieve the desired macroscopic properties and thus fulfill the service requirements, thorough knowledge of the relationship between the microstructure, the processing steps, and the resulting property profile is necessary. This Special Issue covers in situ and ex situ experimental and computational investigations of the behavior under thermo–mechanical load of Mg-based alloys utilizing modern characterization and simulation techniques. The papers cover investigations on the effect of rare earth additions on the mechanical properties of different Mg alloys, including the effect of long-period stacking-ordered (LPSO) structures, and the experimental and computational investigation of the effect of different processing routes.

magnesium alloys --- long period stacking ordered structures (LPSO) --- synchrotron radiation diffraction --- magnesium alloy --- low-speed extrusion --- microstructure evolution --- mechanical properties --- thermomechanical processing --- calcium addition --- disintegrated melt deposition --- processing map --- formability --- initial texture --- deformation mechanism --- texture evolution --- ductile damage --- GTN model --- magnesium --- in-situ --- deformation mechanisms --- deformation behaviour --- restoration mechanisms --- electron microscopy --- characterisation --- in-situ diffraction --- Mg-LPSO alloys --- neutron diffraction --- EBSD --- dislocation slip --- twinning --- n/a

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In the special issue related to Modelling the Deformation, Recrystallization and Microstructure-Related Properties in Metals, we presented a wide spectrum of articles dealing with modelling of microstructural aspects involved in deformation and recrystallization as well as simulation of microstructure-based and texture-based properties in various metals. The latest advances in the theoretical interpretation of mesoscopic transformations based on experimental observations were partially discussed in the current special issue. The studies dealing with the modelling of structure-property relationships are likewise analyzed in the present collection of manuscripts. The contributions in the current collection evidently demonstrate that the properties of metallic materials are microstructure dependent and therefore the thermomechanical processing (TMP) of the polycrystalline aggregates should be strictly controlled to guarantee the desired bunch of qualities. Given this, the assessment of microstructure evolution in metallic systems is of extraordinary importance. Since the trial-error approach is a time-consuming and quite expensive methodology, the materials research community tends to employ a wide spectrum of computational approaches to simulate each chain of TMP and tune the processing variables to ensure the necessary microstructural state which will provide desired performance in the final product. Although many hidden facets of various technological processes and related microstructural changes were revealed in the submitted works by employing advanced computational approaches, nevertheless, the contributions collected in this issue clearly show that further efforts are required in the field of modelling to understand the complexity of material’s world. The final goal of modelling efforts might be a development of a comprehensive model, which will be capable of describing many aspects of microstructure evolution during thermomechanical processing.

magnesium alloy --- deformation mechanisms --- plastic deformation --- polycrystal plasticity modeling --- FeMnSiCrNi alloy --- shape memory alloy --- cellular automaton --- dynamic recrystallization --- boron steel --- tailored hot stamping --- phase transition --- springback --- 300M steel --- hot processing map --- thermal compression --- microstructure evolution --- in situ experiments --- cold rolling --- deformation flow --- texture simulation --- high-strength steel --- hot stamping --- martensitic transformation --- finite element analysis --- constitutive equation --- GH4169 superalloy --- microstructure evolution simulation --- multidirectional forging --- aluminum --- cross-rolling --- texture --- earing --- Cu–Al–Ni monocrystalline alloy --- reversible martensitic transformations --- thermo-cyclic treatment under load --- physical characterization and structural characterization --- n/a --- Cu-Al-Ni monocrystalline alloy

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A variety of topics concerning ultrahigh-strength ferrous steels were collected in this book. At present, most of the ferrous steels are applied to cold sheet parts. However, they may be used as the materials of hot-forged parts in the future, because of the excellent performance of the mechanical properties. It is hoped that many researchers will have an interest in the applications of the ferrous steels to the hot-forging parts.

History of engineering & technology --- TRIP-aided martensitic steel --- case-hardening --- vacuum carburization --- fine-particle peening --- fatigue strength --- quenching and partitioning steel --- springback behavior --- strain heterogeneity --- metastable austenite --- deformation temperature --- deformation mechanisms --- tensile properties --- TRIP/TWIP steel --- strain-induced transformation --- microstructure --- mechanical property --- high carbon steel --- medium-Mn steel --- retained austenite --- Portevin-Le Chatelier phenomenon --- strain-induced martensitic transformation --- ultra-high strength steel --- Q&amp --- P --- TRIP --- lean medium Mn steel --- transformation kinetics --- hot-forging --- microalloying --- TRIP-aided bainitic ferrite steel --- tensile property --- impact toughness --- lean medium Mn Q&amp --- P steel --- stress-strain behavior --- mechanical properties --- retained austenite stability --- high-strength steel --- TRIP effect --- multiphase microstructure --- TRIP-aided steels --- hydrogen embrittlement --- TRIP-aided martensitic steel --- case-hardening --- vacuum carburization --- fine-particle peening --- fatigue strength --- quenching and partitioning steel --- springback behavior --- strain heterogeneity --- metastable austenite --- deformation temperature --- deformation mechanisms --- tensile properties --- TRIP/TWIP steel --- strain-induced transformation --- microstructure --- mechanical property --- high carbon steel --- medium-Mn steel --- retained austenite --- Portevin-Le Chatelier phenomenon --- strain-induced martensitic transformation --- ultra-high strength steel --- Q&amp --- P --- TRIP --- lean medium Mn steel --- transformation kinetics --- hot-forging --- microalloying --- TRIP-aided bainitic ferrite steel --- tensile property --- impact toughness --- lean medium Mn Q&amp --- P steel --- stress-strain behavior --- mechanical properties --- retained austenite stability --- high-strength steel --- TRIP effect --- multiphase microstructure --- TRIP-aided steels --- hydrogen embrittlement