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How well did civilian morale stand up to the pressures of total war and what factors were important to it? In this important work, Robert Mackay offers a robust rejection of recent contentions that civilian morale fell a long way short of the favourable picture presented at the time and in hundreds of books and films ever since. Whilst acknowledging that some negative attitudes and behaviours existed - panic and defeatism, ration-cheating and black-marketeering, looting, absenteeism and strikes - the author argues that these involved a very small minority of the population. In fact, most people behaved well, and this should be the real measure of civilian morale, rather than the failings of the few who behaved badly.This book shows that before the War the official prognosis was pessimistic but that measures to bolster morale were taken nevertheless, in particular with regard to protection against air raids. An examination of a range of indicative factors concludes that morale fluctuated but was in the main good, right until the end of the War. In explaining this phenomenon, due credit is accorded to government policies for the maintenance of morale, but special emphasis is given to the 'invisible' chain of patriotic feeling that held the nation together during its time of trial.This book will give students of the Second World War new insights into how and why ordinary people coped with the intolerable.

Great Britain. --- World War, 1939-1945 --- Social aspects --- air raids. --- black-marketeering. --- civilian morale. --- defeatism. --- government policies. --- nation. --- panic. --- patriotic feeling. --- ration-cheating. --- total war.

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"Well into its third decade, the military conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo has been dubbed a "forever war"--A perpetual cycle of war, civil unrest, and local feuds over power and identity. Millions have died in one of the worst humanitarian calamities of our time. The War That Doesn't Say Its Name investigates the most recent phase of this conflict, asking why the peace deal of 2003--accompanied by the largest United Nations peacekeeping mission in the world and tens of billions in international aid--has failed to stop the violence. Jason Stearns argues that the fighting has become an end in itself, carried forward in substantial part through the apathy and complicity of local and international actors. Stearns shows that regardless of the suffering, there has emerged a narrow military bourgeoisie of commanders and politicians for whom the conflict is a source of survival, dignity, and profit. Foreign donors provide food and urgent health care for millions, preventing the Congolese state from collapsing, but this involvement has not yielded transformational change. Stearns gives a detailed historical account of this period, focusing on the main players--Congolese and Rwandan states and the main armed groups. He extrapolates from these dynamics to other conflicts across Africa and presents a theory of conflict that highlights the interests of the belligerents and the social structures from which they arise."--

Civil war --- Civil war. --- Politics and government. --- Since 1997. --- Congo (Democratic Republic) --- Congo (Democratic Republic). --- History --- Politics and government --- Polemology --- anno 1990-1999 --- anno 2000-2009 --- anno 2010-2019 --- Congo --- Civil wars --- Intra-state war --- Rebellions --- Government, Resistance to --- International law --- Revolutions --- War --- #SBIB:39A73 --- #SBIB:328H412 --- #SBIB:327.5H21 --- Etnografie: Afrika --- Instellingen en beleid: Zaïre / Congo --- Vrede - oorlog, oorlogssituaties --- BPB2208 --- civil war --- political violence --- Democratic Republic of the Congo --- Kongon demokraattinen tasavalta --- Demokratická republika Kongo --- Democratische Republiek Congo --- Демократска Република Конго --- Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik --- Demokratyczna Republika Konga --- Demokratična republika Kongo --- die Demokratische Republik Kongo --- Konžská demokratická republika --- Repubblica democratica del Congo --- Демократична република Конго --- Repubblika Demokratika tal-Kongo --- Poblacht Dhaonlathach an Chongó --- Kongói Demokratikus Köztársaság --- Congo, Republica Democratică --- Congo-Kinshasa --- República Democrática del Congo --- Demokratska Republika Kongo --- Den Demokratiske Republik Congo --- Republika Demokratike e Kongos --- Kongo Demokratinė Respublika --- République démocratique du Congo --- Kongo Demokrātiskā Republika --- Demokratiska republiken Kongo --- Λαϊκή Δημοκρατία του Κονγκό --- Kongo Kinšasa --- Kongo DV --- Kongo (Leopoldville) --- Kongo (býv. Zair) --- Конго Слободна Држава --- Конго Киншаса --- Kinshasa Kongo --- Zair --- Zairas --- Ζαΐρ --- República Democrática do Congo --- Заир --- Κογκό Κινσάσα --- Beļģijas Kongo --- Kinshasa --- Congo Kinshasa --- Конго-Киншаса --- Zaire --- Zaïre --- Republica Congoleză --- Kongo (Kinshasa) --- ex Zaire --- Република Конго (Леополдвил) --- Белгиско Конго --- Zaira --- Kongo-Kinshasa --- Congo belgian --- Kongo Kinshasa --- Kinshasan Kongo --- Kinshasské Kongo --- Zairská republika --- politikai erőszak --- политичко насиље --- politisk vold --- политическо насилие --- poliittinen väkivalta --- poliitiline vägivald --- foréigean polaitiúil --- politinė prievarta --- политичко насилство --- violencia política --- violenza politica --- violence politique --- πολιτική βία --- politiskā vardarbība --- vjolenza politika --- političko nasilje --- politické násilí --- dhunë politike --- politische Gewalt --- przemoc polityczna --- violență politică --- politiek geweld --- politično nasilje --- violência política --- politiskt våld --- politické násilie --- rivoluzione --- револуција --- vallankumous --- forradalom --- atentát --- герила --- Revolution --- guerrilha --- guerile --- Guerillabewegung --- révolution --- revolução --- guerrilla --- guerriglia --- revolutsioon --- gerilla --- gerillaháború --- gherilă --- revolucion --- επανάσταση --- revoluție --- αντάρτικο --- revolúcia --- revolucija --- revolūcija --- partisan --- revoliucija --- revolta --- partizānu karš --- revoluce --- partizanas --- sissi --- guérilla --- revolution --- revolución --- politikai kényszer --- guerilla --- lotta armata --- επαναστατική δράση --- gerila --- revolutie --- občanská válka --- wojna domowa --- burgeroorlog --- εμφύλιος πόλεμος --- državljanska vojna --- гражданска война --- cogadh cathartha --- kodusõda --- Bürgerkrieg --- sisällissota --- borgerkrig --- грађански рат --- pilietinis karas --- guerra civile --- pilsoņu karš --- občianska vojna --- граѓанска војна --- inbördeskrig --- gwerra ċivili --- guerra civil --- polgárháború --- război civil --- luftë civile --- guerre civile --- građanski rat --- vzpoura --- востание --- felkelés --- insurecție --- sukilimas --- insurrection --- povstání --- kapina --- sacelšanās --- lázadás --- guerra interna --- kryengritje --- ustanak --- pobuna --- povstanie --- resistenza --- ülestõus --- Ambiguity. --- Anti-imperialism. --- Apathy. --- Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. --- Assassination. --- Banyarwanda. --- Belligerent. --- Bourgeoisie. --- Bunia. --- Bureaucracy. --- Cannibalism. --- Carl von Clausewitz. --- Censure. --- Code name. --- Colombian conflict. --- Combat. --- Combatant. --- Communal violence. --- Conditionality. --- Conflict resolution. --- Corruption. --- Counter-insurgency. --- Cynicism (contemporary). --- Defeatism. --- Defection. --- Demobilization. --- Desertion. --- Dissident. --- Distrust. --- Ebb and flow. --- Electoral fraud. --- Ethnic conflict. --- Famine. --- First Congo War. --- Foreign Correspondent (TV series). --- Gisenyi. --- Governance. --- Headline. --- Henry Morton Stanley. --- Hewlett-Packard. --- Hostility. --- Humanitarian crisis. --- Hutu. --- Immorality. --- Impunity. --- Information asymmetry. --- Insubordination. --- Insurgency. --- Internally displaced person. --- Intimidation. --- Ituri conflict. --- Joseph Kabila. --- Kigali. --- Kinshasa. --- M23 rebellion. --- Mai-Mai. --- Military academy. --- Military operation. --- Military organization. --- Mixed brigade. --- Mobutu Sese Seko. --- Mongbwalu. --- National Congress for the Defence of the People. --- National Resistance Army. --- National security. --- North Kivu. --- Paganism. --- Paul Kagame. --- Persecution. --- Politician. --- Politics. --- Precedent. --- Protest. --- Provisional government. --- Proxy war. --- Raia Mutomboki. --- Rebel Alliance. --- Rebellion. --- Refugee camp. --- Refugee. --- Reginald Scot. --- Resentment. --- Resignation. --- Rwanda. --- Second Congo War. --- Self-defense. --- Skepticism. --- Smuggling. --- Sri Lankan Civil War. --- The Guns of Navarone (novel). --- Too big to fail. --- Tutsi. --- Uganda People's Defence Force. --- Uganda. --- Unclean spirit. --- Unrest. --- Violence. --- War crime. --- War economy. --- War.