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This paper provides an explanation for why many information campaigns fail to affect decision-making. The authors experimentally show that a large information intervention about a profitable and climate-friendly household investment had limited effects if it only provided generic data. In contrast, it caused households to make new investments when it followed a campaign strategy designed to minimize information processing costs. This finding is consistent with a model of selective attention, where individuals prioritize information believed to be valuable after accounting for the costs of attending to the data that arise due to limited mental energy and time. The paper studies a range of possible mechanisms and finds corroborative evidence of selective attention as an inhibitor to learning.

Broadcast and Media --- Decision-Makers --- Information and Communication Technologies --- Information Campaign --- Information Technology --- Investment --- Marketing --- Private Sector Development --- Psychology --- Renewable Energy --- Selective Attention --- Selective Attentiveness --- Social Development

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February 2000 - Some say that democracy is more likely to survive under parliamentary governments. That result is not robust to the use of different variables from the Database of Political Institutions, a large new cross-country database that may illuminate many other issues affecting and affected by political institutions. This paper introduces a large new cross-country database on political institutions: the Database on Political Institutions (DPI). Beck, Clarke, Groff, Keefer, and Walsh summarize key variables (many of them new), compare this data set with others, and explore the range of issues for which the data should prove invaluable. Among the novel variables they introduce: Several measures of tenure, stability, and checks and balances; Identification of parties with the government coalition or the opposition; Fragmentation of opposition and government parties in legislatures. The authors illustrate the application of DPI variables to several problems in political economy. Stepan and Skach, for example, find that democracy is more likely to survive under parliamentary governments than presidential systems. But this result is not robust to the use of different variables from the DPI, which raises puzzles for future research. Similarly, Roubini and Sachs find that divided governments in the OECD run higher budget deficits after fiscal shocks. Replication of their work using DPI indicators of divided government indicates otherwise, again suggesting issues for future research. Among questions in political science and economics that this database may illuminate: the determinants of democratic consolidation, the political conditions for economic reform, the political and institutional roots of corruption, and the elements of appropriate and institutionally sensitive design of economic policy. This paper - a product of Regulation and Competition Policy, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the institutional bases of poverty alleviation and economic reform. The study was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under the research project Database on Institutions for Government Decisionmaking (RPO 682-79). The authors may be contacted at tbeck@worldbank.org, gclarke@worldbank.org, pkeefer@worldbank.org, or pwalsh@worldbank.org.

Cabinet --- Candidates --- Constituents --- Decision Makers --- Decision Making --- Democracy --- E-Business --- E-Government --- Economic Theory and Research --- Election --- Election Data --- Elections --- Governance --- Government --- Industry --- Information Security and Privacy --- Legislation --- Legislative Powers --- Legislators --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Microfinance --- Parliament --- Parliamentary Government --- Parliamentary Governments --- Parliamentary Systems --- Policy Making --- Political System --- Political Systems --- Prime Minister --- Private Sector Development --- Public Sector Corruption and Anticorruption Measures --- Technology Industry

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This paper analyzes the recent evolution and impact of the global economic crisis on the offshore services industry. Using a global value chains framework, the authors classify the offshore services sector in a comprehensive set of general and industry-specific activities that correspond to different segments and stages in the value-adding process for services. Through an analysis of the impact of the economic crisis on the industry, a small decline in demand was found; however this did not cause any structural changes in the market. The crisis has created two opposing effects: general contraction of demand by existing customers due to the recession; and, at the same time, a substitution effect by which new services are being moved from developed countries to emerging economies in search of cost reduction. The paper concludes that the offshore services industry will continue to offer growth opportunities for developing countries not only among existing market players, but also a range of new countries. The industry has the potential to become an important source for employment and economic growth around the globe.

Business associations --- Business intelligence --- Business models --- Business Process Outsourcing --- Business processes --- Business services --- Communication Technology --- Communities and Human Settlements --- Competitive environment --- Computer Science --- Consulting Services --- Content development --- Data Systems --- Decision makers --- Decision-making --- E-Business --- EGovernment --- Engineering services --- Housing & Human Habitats --- ICT Policy and Strategies --- Industry association --- Information and Communication Technologies --- Knowledge economy --- Private Sector Development --- Public Sector Corruption & Anticorruption Measures --- Public Sector Development --- Third-party providers --- Trade statistics --- Water and Industry --- Water Resources

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Why read another book on selling? Simple. Today's client is more informed, more sophisticated, and has more access to information. Selling professionals today need to be keener to fulfill the needs of the client by offering value, and most important trust. In the increasing age and rage of globalization and the Internet, competition rises. Selling professionals today need to determine better ways to reach the economic decision maker and better articulate their value. Selling the New Norm is such a book. This book will provide the tools and templates required to meet today's sales challenges.

Selling. --- Sales management. --- creating a sales training program --- decision makers --- developing a sales training program --- enterprise selling --- sales management activities --- sales management analysis and decision making --- sales management basics --- sales management best practices --- sales management building customer relationships and partnerships --- sales management business plan --- sales negotiation --- sales process --- sales training books --- sales training ideas --- sales training programs --- sales training techniques --- start a sales training business

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"Modern warfare is almost always multilateral to one degree or another, requiring countries to cooperate as allies or coalition partners. Yet as the war in Afghanistan has made abundantly clear, multilateral cooperation is neither straightforward nor guaranteed. Countries differ significantly in what they are willing to do and how and where they are willing to do it. Some refuse to participate in dangerous or offensive missions. Others change tactical objectives with each new commander. Some countries defer to their commanders while others hold them to strict account. NATO in Afghanistan explores how government structures and party politics in NATO countries shape how battles are waged in the field. Drawing on more than 250 interviews with senior officials from around the world, David Auerswald and Stephen Saideman find that domestic constraints in presidential and single-party parliamentary systems--in countries such as the United States and Britain respectively--differ from those in countries with coalition governments, such as Germany and the Netherlands. As a result, different countries craft different guidelines for their forces overseas, most notably in the form of military caveats, the often-controversial limits placed on deployed troops. Providing critical insights into the realities of alliance and coalition warfare, NATO in Afghanistan also looks at non-NATO partners such as Australia, and assesses NATO's performance in the 2011 Libyan campaign to show how these domestic political dynamics are by no means unique to Afghanistan."--Publishers.

#SBIB:327.5H21 --- #SBIB:327.6H01 --- #SBIB:327.7H32 --- Vrede – oorlog, oorlogssituaties --- Internationale en diplomatieke relaties: specifieke conflicten --- Bondgenootschappen: NAVO / NATO --- Afghanistan --- History, Military --- #SBIB:327.7H32Vrede – oorlog, oorlogssituaties --- Bondgenootschappen: NAVO / NATOAfghanistanHistory, Military --- Afghan war, 2001. --- International Security Assistance Force (Afghanistan). --- North Atlantic Treaty Organization -- Afghanistan. --- North Atlantic Treaty Organization -- History. --- Afghan War, 2001 --- -International Security Assistance Force (Afghanistan) --- Regions & Countries - Asia & the Middle East --- History & Archaeology --- South Asia --- Operation Enduring Freedom, 2001 --- -War on Terrorism, 2001-2009 --- North Atlantic Treaty Organization --- North Atlantic treaty organisation --- NAVO --- OTAN --- NATO --- HISTORY / Military / General. --- POLITICAL SCIENCE / Public Policy / General. --- POLITICAL SCIENCE / International Relations / Diplomacy. --- International Security Assistance Force (Afghanistan) --- -North Atlantic Treaty Organization --- -Operation Enduring Freedom, 2001 --- ISAF --- North Atlantic Treaty Organization. --- Kumak aw Hamkārī (Afghanistan) --- -Afghan War, 2001 --- Afghanistan. --- Australia. --- British-style politics. --- Canada. --- Denmark. --- Dutch government. --- France. --- Germany. --- Great Britain. --- International Security Assistance Force. --- Jacques Chirac. --- Libya. --- NATO countries. --- NATO effort. --- NATO institutions. --- NATO intervention. --- NATO interventions. --- NATO membership. --- NATO. --- Netherlands. --- New Zealand. --- Nicolas Sarkozy. --- Operation Enduring Freedom. --- Poland. --- United States. --- agent selection incentives. --- alliance actions. --- alliance warfare. --- caveats. --- civilЭilitary relations. --- coalition governments. --- coalition warfare. --- coalitions. --- decision makers. --- decision making. --- decision units. --- defense spending. --- domestic consequences. --- domestic political institutions. --- domestic politics. --- forum shopping. --- incentives. --- intrusive oversight. --- military behavior. --- military decisions. --- military interventions. --- minority government. --- multilateral contingents. --- multilateral efforts. --- multilateral forum shopping. --- multilateral military effort. --- multilateral military operations. --- multilateralism. --- national commands. --- officer selection. --- parliamentary coalition behavior. --- parliamentary government. --- parliamentary governments. --- political coalition. --- political cultures. --- political ideology. --- prime ministers. --- principal-agency theory. --- principal-agent relations. --- red cards. --- restrictions. --- unilateralism. --- Afghan War, 2001-2021