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In this study we develop a flexible modeling toolbox for decentralized electricity systems with an agent-based simulation approach at its core. Two RES-E generation models for wind and PV each with a high temporal and spatial resolution are presented and approaches to model specific aspects of the demand side in detail are introduced. The implementation of an AC load flow algorithm is described and the concept of a market-based congestion management mechanism is outlined.

DezentralEnergy systems --- renewable energy --- Erneuerbare Energien --- congestion management --- decentralized --- Energiesystemanalyse

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"Frontiers in Blockchain publishes rigorously peer-reviewed research covering all theory and applications of blockchain and blockchain-related technologies"--Publisher.

decentralized data --- cybersecurity --- blockchain --- web3 --- Blockchains (Databases) --- Block chains (Databases) --- Database security --- Distributed databases --- blockchain --- distributed ledger --- cryptocurrencies --- decentralized data

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Grid monitoring is an important task for operators of the distribution grid, as it allows
them to identify and diagnose problems in the system. This can save energy and money,
as well as improve system reliability.
There are a number of different methods that grid operators can use to monitor
the system. One popular approach is to use data collected by sensors located on the
distribution grid. However, the data from these sensors can be rather expensive to
collect and store; therefore they may not be suitable for smaller network operators. Some
operators also use electrical measurements taken directly from the grid’s conductors, but
these are also not practical for smaller networks.
One potential use for blockchain in grid monitoring is to store data about the
production of electricity on the distribution grid. This data could be used to improve
system reliability and optimize energy use. We developed a proof of concept software
called "MonitORES" that could utilize this technology to achieve these goals.
The proof of concept developed was based on Hyperledger Fabric and showed
that monitoring and control operations can be achieved by blockchain. Analyzing the
probabilities of successful attacks on the current system and on the proposed architecture,
the results showed how a distributed system reduces the probabilities of such attacks.

DSO --- Blockchain --- DLT --- Distribution Systems --- Decentralized Energy Production --- Compliance Monitoring --- Ingénierie, informatique & technologie > Sciences informatiques

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Mathematical optimization techniques are among the most successful tools for controlling technical systems optimally with feasibility guarantees. Yet, they are often centralized—all data has to be collected in one central and computationally powerful entity. Methods from distributed optimization overcome this limitation. Classical approaches, however, are often not applicable due to non-convexities. This work develops one of the first frameworks for distributed non-convex optimization.

Maths for computer scientists --- Verteilte Optimierung --- Dezentrale Optimierung --- ALADIN --- ADMM --- Optimal Power Flow --- distributed optimization --- decentralized optimization --- optimal power flow

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A l'heure actuelle, 600 millions de personnes en Afrique subsaharienne n'ont pas accès à l'électricité. En particulier, les régions rurales ne sont généralement pas desservies par le réseau électrique national en raison de la grande dispersion des habitants et de leur faible demande en électricité. Pour remédier à ce problème, des solutions de production d'électricité décentralisée sont mises en place, indépendantes du réseau principal.

Ce mémoire porte sur la comparaison des différentes technologies de production d'électricité décentralisée existantes au niveau des aspects économiques, environnementaux et techniques en Afrique rurale. Réalisé dans le cadre d'un stage chez Ingénieurs sans frontières, association spécialisée dans le domaine de l'électrification rurale en Afrique subsaharienne, le travail est ensuite consacré à un cas pratique lié à un projet en cours de l'association. Dans ce cadre, les technologies de production d'électricité possibles pour l'électrification d'un hôpital en République Démocratique du Congo sont étudiées.

L'étude démontre que les installations photovoltaïques restent les plus appropriées pour de tels projets en raison de leur simplicité d'utilisation. De plus, les impacts environnementaux et financiers sont nettement moindres que lors de l'utilisation d'un générateur à énergie fossile, solution la plus commune actuellement. Toutefois, il est important de préciser que les panneaux photovoltaïques restent une technologie complexe, difficile à réparer et demandant de grands investissements financiers, ce qui rend la solution peu accessible sans subside préalable. Currently, 600 million people in sub-Saharan Africa do not have access to electricity. In particular, rural areas are generally not served by the national power grid due to the large population dispersion and the low demand for electricity. To overcome this problem, decentralized electricity generation solutions are implemented, independent of the main grid.

This thesis deals with the comparison of the different technologies of decentralized electricity production in terms of economic, environmental and technical aspects in rural Africa. Carried out as part of an internship at Engineers Without Borders, an association specialized in the field of rural electrification in sub-Saharan Africa, the work is then devoted to a practical case related to an ongoing project of the association. In this context, the potential electricity generation technologies for the electrification of a hospital in the Democratic Republic of Congo are studied.

The study shows that photovoltaic installations remain the most appropriate for such projects because of their ease of use. In addition, the environmental and financial impacts are much lower than when using a fossil fuel generator, the most common solution currently. However, it is important to note that photovoltaic panels remain a complex technology, difficult to repair and requiring large financial investments, which makes the solution difficult to access without previous subsidies.

Afrique --- Electrification rurale --- Electricité décentralisée --- Energie renouvelable --- Africa --- Rural electrification --- Decentralized electricity --- Renewable energy --- Ingénierie, informatique & technologie > Energie