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Calves -- Diseases. --- Calves -- Health. --- Dairy cattle -- Diseases. --- Dairy cattle -- Health. --- Dairy farming. --- Dairy cattle --- Calves --- Health. --- Diseases.

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The book is on livestock with specific reference to heat stress and its alleviation. The topic is very pertinent in light of the impacts of climate change on livestock production and health. Work related to effect of heat stress on animal productivity, immunity and hormonal levels is discussed in detail. Heat stress occurs in animals when there is an imbalance between heat production within the body and its dissipation. Thermoregulation is the means by which an animal maintains its body temperature. Under heat stress, a number of physiological and behavioral responses vary in intensity and duration in relation to the animal genetic make-up and environmental factors. In response to stress, mammals set physical, biochemical, and physiological processes into play to try and counteract the negative effects of heat stress and maintain thermal equilibrium. Adaptation to heat stress requires the physiological integration of many organs and systems viz. endocrine, cardiorespiratory and immune system. Heat stress also lowers natural immunity making animals more vulnerable to disease in the following days and weeks. The decrease in fertility is caused by elevated body temperature that influences ovarian function, estrous expression, oocyte health, and embryonic development. The increasing concern with the thermal comfort of dairy cows is justifiable not only for countries occupying tropical zones, but also for nations in temperate zones in which high ambient temperatures are becoming an issue. Improving milk production is, therefore, an important tool for improving the quality of life particularly for rural people in developing countries. The environmental conditions necessitate reduction of heat stress due to solar radiation and heat. The book discusses all these aspects in detail. Recent works related to effect of heat stress on animal productivity, immunity and hormonal levels are also discussed in the book. Information on biological rhythm is also included. The book also discusses the methods for alleviation of heat stress in livestock, especially cows and buffaloes. It is be a ready reckoner for students, researchers, and academia and would pave way for further research.

Animal biotechnology. --- Dairy cattle -- Diseases -- Congresses. --- Udder -- Diseases -- Congresses. --- Livestock --- Livestock productivity --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Meteorology & Climatology --- Effect of stress on --- Heat --- Animals --- Physiological effect. --- Effect of temperature on. --- Animal kingdom --- Beasts --- Fauna --- Native animals --- Native fauna --- Wild animals --- Wildlife --- Heat stress (Biology) --- High temperatures --- Hyperthermia --- Physiological effect --- Environment. --- Medical genetics. --- Immunology. --- Oxidative stress. --- Animal genetics. --- Animal physiology. --- Climate change. --- Climate Change. --- Animal Physiology. --- Gene Function. --- Animal Genetics and Genomics. --- Oxidative Stress. --- Organisms --- Human-animal relationships --- Zoology --- Climatic changes. --- Cytology. --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Biology --- Cells --- Cytologists --- Immunobiology --- Life sciences --- Serology --- Genetics --- Clinical genetics --- Diseases --- Heredity of disease --- Human genetics --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Genetic disorders --- Animal physiology --- Anatomy --- Changes, Climatic --- Changes in climate --- Climate change --- Climate change science --- Climate changes --- Climate variations --- Climatic change --- Climatic changes --- Climatic fluctuations --- Climatic variations --- Global climate changes --- Global climatic changes --- Climatology --- Climate change mitigation --- Teleconnections (Climatology) --- Genetic aspects --- Physiology --- Environmental aspects --- Oxidation-reduction reaction --- Stress (Physiology) --- Global environmental change

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Wood surface attributes can be established by examining its several different physical or chemical properties. Differences in the wood surfaces occur between the manufacturing and post-treatment processes as well. Understanding how their unique anisotropic molecular organization, chemical linkages, branching, and other molecular features govern micro- and macroscale accessibility is essential for coating and complex modification processes. It is therefore important for scientific as well as practical reasons to qualify and quantify the effects of wood surface treatments and modifications. Challenges still exist to fully understanding the effect of the numerous applied chemicals and the wide range of treatment processes on wood surfaces.

Research & information: general --- Technology: general issues --- broiler --- thermal manipulation --- antioxidant --- heat stress --- cold stress --- Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus --- RNA-Seq --- Transcriptome analysis --- Holstein cattle --- sheep --- intersex --- whole-genome resequencing --- copy number variation --- forming mechanism --- dairy cattle diseases --- innate immune system --- metabolic stress --- microbiome --- mastitis --- bovine mammary epithelial cells --- inflammatory cytokines --- NF-κB signaling --- PRRs --- TLRs --- Piemontese breed --- arthrogryposis --- macroglossia --- genetic model --- TLR3 --- TLR4 --- TLR7 --- foals --- immunostimulation --- gene expression --- bovine mastitis --- JAK-STAT pathway --- JAK2 --- STATs --- SOCS3 --- immunity --- milk production --- DNA methylation --- high-fat diet --- rabbits --- next generation sequencing --- transcriptomics --- bioinformatics --- genome editing --- disease resistance --- livestock --- dairy cattle --- teat-end hyperkeratosis --- udder health --- somatic cell --- genetic correlation --- selection response --- Holstein Friesian cattle --- mastitis resistance --- candidate genes --- SNP selection --- next-generation sequencing