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In EC3, the fatigue life of a steel structure subjected to a cyclic load is estimated by its detail category. This category is based on the S-N, curves which are obtained by applying the Basquin model. Statistically, this model does not allow extrapolating the S-N curves in the HCF region, neither does it consider the runouts. This affects the fatigue life estimation when a structure bears loading in HCF. To overcome these deficiencies, a new method based on a Weibull distribution is applied.

Ermüdung --- zyklische Beanspruchung --- Weibull --- S-N Curves --- Wöhlerkurven --- Cyclic Loading --- Runouts --- Fatigue --- Durchläufern

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The advent of additive manufacturing (AM) processes applied to the fabrication of structural components creates the need for design methodologies supporting structural optimization approaches that take into account the specific characteristics of the process. While AM processes enable unprecedented geometrical design freedom, which can result in significant reductions of component weight, on the other hand they have implications in the fatigue and fracture strength due to residual stresses and microstructural features. This is linked to stress concentration effects and anisotropy that still warrant further research. This Special Issue of Applied Sciences brings together papers investigating the features of AM processes relevant to the mechanical behavior of AM structural components, particularly, but not exclusively, from the viewpoints of fatigue and fracture behavior. Although the focus of the issue is on AM problems related to fatigue and fracture, articles dealing with other manufacturing processes with related problems are also be included.

History of engineering & technology --- milling process --- part functionality --- surface integrity --- research progress --- non-proportional mixed mode loading --- fractography --- mode II stress intensity factor --- finite element analysis --- rail steel --- wheel steel --- monolithic zirconia crown --- dental implant abutment --- cyclic loading --- mode III stress intensity factor --- FEA --- adaptive control --- fatigue testing --- simply supported bending --- mini specimen --- additive manufacturing --- 304L stainless steel --- LCF --- crack propagation --- blade-disc-Franc3D --- mixed-mode cracking --- fatigue life improvement --- materials characterization --- ultrasonic impact treatment --- DMLS --- fatigue --- fracture --- finite element method (FEM) --- milling process --- part functionality --- surface integrity --- research progress --- non-proportional mixed mode loading --- fractography --- mode II stress intensity factor --- finite element analysis --- rail steel --- wheel steel --- monolithic zirconia crown --- dental implant abutment --- cyclic loading --- mode III stress intensity factor --- FEA --- adaptive control --- fatigue testing --- simply supported bending --- mini specimen --- additive manufacturing --- 304L stainless steel --- LCF --- crack propagation --- blade-disc-Franc3D --- mixed-mode cracking --- fatigue life improvement --- materials characterization --- ultrasonic impact treatment --- DMLS --- fatigue --- fracture --- finite element method (FEM)

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The advent of additive manufacturing (AM) processes applied to the fabrication of structural components creates the need for design methodologies supporting structural optimization approaches that take into account the specific characteristics of the process. While AM processes enable unprecedented geometrical design freedom, which can result in significant reductions of component weight, on the other hand they have implications in the fatigue and fracture strength due to residual stresses and microstructural features. This is linked to stress concentration effects and anisotropy that still warrant further research. This Special Issue of Applied Sciences brings together papers investigating the features of AM processes relevant to the mechanical behavior of AM structural components, particularly, but not exclusively, from the viewpoints of fatigue and fracture behavior. Although the focus of the issue is on AM problems related to fatigue and fracture, articles dealing with other manufacturing processes with related problems are also be included.

milling process --- part functionality --- surface integrity --- research progress --- non-proportional mixed mode loading --- fractography --- mode II stress intensity factor --- finite element analysis --- rail steel --- wheel steel --- monolithic zirconia crown --- dental implant abutment --- cyclic loading --- mode III stress intensity factor --- FEA --- adaptive control --- fatigue testing --- simply supported bending --- mini specimen --- additive manufacturing --- 304L stainless steel --- LCF --- crack propagation --- blade-disc-Franc3D --- mixed-mode cracking --- fatigue life improvement --- materials characterization --- ultrasonic impact treatment --- DMLS --- fatigue --- fracture --- finite element method (FEM)

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Exceptional design loads on buildings and structures may have different causes, including high-strain natural hazards, man-made attacks and accidents, and extreme operational conditions. All of these aspects can be critical for specific structural typologies and/or materials that are particularly sensitive. Dedicated and refined methods are thus required for design, analysis, and maintenance under structures’ expected lifetimes. Major challenges are related to the structural typology and material properties. Further issues are related to the need for the mitigation or retrofitting of existing structures, or from the optimal and safe design of innovative materials/systems. Finally, in some cases, no design recommendations are available, and thus experimental investigations can have a key role in the overall process. For this SI, we have invited scientists to focus on the recent advancements and trends in the sustainable design of high-performance buildings and structures. Special attention has been given to materials and systems, but also to buildings and infrastructures that can be subjected to extreme design loads. This can be the case of exceptional natural events or unfavorable ambient conditions. The assessment of hazard and risk associated with structures and civil infrastructure systems is important for the preservation and protection of built environments. New procedures, methods, and more precise rules for safety design and the protection of sustainable structures are, however, needed.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- Materials science --- analytical model --- ductile walls --- shear strength --- capacity reduction --- Eurocode 8 --- concrete --- stainless steel --- reinforcement --- temperature --- thermal expansion --- waste management --- construction demolition waste --- thermochromic --- green building material --- recycled waste material --- corrosion --- deterioration --- stirrup --- beams --- cement-based composites (CBCs) --- compressive strength --- fire exposure --- thermal boundaries --- finite element (FE) numerical modelling --- empirical formulations --- fly ash --- granulated blast-furnace slag --- palm oil fly ash --- ordinary Portland cement --- recycled ceramics --- green mortar --- alkali-activated mix design --- embodied energy --- CO2 emission --- assessment --- earthquake --- Zagreb --- case study --- cultural heritage --- seismic design --- structural glass --- q-factor --- engineering demand parameters (EDPs) --- finite element (FE) numerical models --- non-linear incremental dynamic analyses (IDA) --- cloud analysis --- linear regression --- composites --- timber --- CLT --- load-bearing glass --- friction --- FEM analysis --- beam–column joints --- shear capacity --- cyclic loading --- joint’s numerical modeling --- interior joint --- corner joint --- modified reinforcement technique (MRT) --- beam-column joint --- ferrocement --- crack --- ductility --- displacement --- reinforced concrete --- deep beam --- support vector regression --- metaheuristic optimization

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Exceptional design loads on buildings and structures may have different causes, including high-strain natural hazards, man-made attacks and accidents, and extreme operational conditions. All of these aspects can be critical for specific structural typologies and/or materials that are particularly sensitive. Dedicated and refined methods are thus required for design, analysis, and maintenance under structures’ expected lifetimes. Major challenges are related to the structural typology and material properties. Further issues are related to the need for the mitigation or retrofitting of existing structures, or from the optimal and safe design of innovative materials/systems. Finally, in some cases, no design recommendations are available, and thus experimental investigations can have a key role in the overall process. For this SI, we have invited scientists to focus on the recent advancements and trends in the sustainable design of high-performance buildings and structures. Special attention has been given to materials and systems, but also to buildings and infrastructures that can be subjected to extreme design loads. This can be the case of exceptional natural events or unfavorable ambient conditions. The assessment of hazard and risk associated with structures and civil infrastructure systems is important for the preservation and protection of built environments. New procedures, methods, and more precise rules for safety design and the protection of sustainable structures are, however, needed.

analytical model --- ductile walls --- shear strength --- capacity reduction --- Eurocode 8 --- concrete --- stainless steel --- reinforcement --- temperature --- thermal expansion --- waste management --- construction demolition waste --- thermochromic --- green building material --- recycled waste material --- corrosion --- deterioration --- stirrup --- beams --- cement-based composites (CBCs) --- compressive strength --- fire exposure --- thermal boundaries --- finite element (FE) numerical modelling --- empirical formulations --- fly ash --- granulated blast-furnace slag --- palm oil fly ash --- ordinary Portland cement --- recycled ceramics --- green mortar --- alkali-activated mix design --- embodied energy --- CO2 emission --- assessment --- earthquake --- Zagreb --- case study --- cultural heritage --- seismic design --- structural glass --- q-factor --- engineering demand parameters (EDPs) --- finite element (FE) numerical models --- non-linear incremental dynamic analyses (IDA) --- cloud analysis --- linear regression --- composites --- timber --- CLT --- load-bearing glass --- friction --- FEM analysis --- beam–column joints --- shear capacity --- cyclic loading --- joint’s numerical modeling --- interior joint --- corner joint --- modified reinforcement technique (MRT) --- beam-column joint --- ferrocement --- crack --- ductility --- displacement --- reinforced concrete --- deep beam --- support vector regression --- metaheuristic optimization