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This perspective of this book views Earth's various layers as a whole system, and tries to understand how to achieve harmony and sustainable development between human society and nature, with the theme of " habitability of the Earth." This book is one effort at providing an overview of some of the recent exciting advances Chinese geoscientists have made. It is the concerted team effort of a group of researchers from diverse backgrounds to generalize their vision for Earth science in the next 10 years. The book is intended for scholars, administrators of the Science and Technology policy department, and science research funding agencies. This is an open access book.
Geology & the lithosphere --- Earth sciences --- Geophysics --- Astronomy, space & time --- Earth System --- Deep Space --- Deep Earth --- Deep Sea --- Cutting-edge Technology on Earth Science
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15967156
snijden --- papierkunst --- carving techniques --- Art --- kunstwerken --- Laserstanzen --- Pop-upboeken --- Papierkunst --- kunst --- kunsttechniek --- découpages --- 7.023 --- meubelkunst --- meubilair --- producdesign --- design --- karton --- hout --- papier --- 745.54 --- 7.02 --- Cut-outs ; technieken --- Knipsels ; het uitsnijden --- Beeldende kunst ; technieken ; decoupage ; cutting-edge --- Decoratieve kunstnijverheid ; knutseltechnieken ; papier --- Kunst ; technieken --- Pop-upboek --- 766.11.02 --- Grafische industrie en ontwerp ; drager ; papier & boek ; technieken
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The essays in this volume of the Journal continue its proud tradition of presenting cutting-edge research with a wide chronological and geographical, range, from eleventh-century Georgia (David IV's use of the methods described in De velitatione bellica) to fifteenth-century England and France (a detailed analysis of the use of the under-appreciated lancegay and similar weapons). Iberia and the Empire are also addressed, with a study of Aragonese leaders in the War of the Two Pedros, a discussion of Prince Ferdinand's battle-seeking strategy prior to the battle of Toro in 1476, and an analysis and transcription of a newly-discovered Habsburg battle plan of the early sixteenth century, drawn up for the war against Venice. The volume also embraces different approaches, from cultural-intellectual history (the afterlife of the medieval Christian Warrior), to experimental archaeology (the mechanics of raising trebuchets), to comparison of 'the face of battle' in a medieval illuminated manuscript with its depiction in modern films, to archivally-based administrative history (recruitment among the sub-gentry for Edward I's armies).
Civilization, Medieval. --- Military art and science --- Military history, Medieval. --- War and society. --- History --- Battle of Toro. --- Cutting-Edge Research. --- Eleventh-Century Georgia. --- European History. --- Fifteenth-Century England. --- France. --- Historiography. --- Medieval Illuminated Manuscript. --- Medieval Warfare. --- Military History. --- Military Research. --- Military Scholars. --- Military Tactics. --- War Strategies. --- War of the Two Pedros. --- Military history, Medieval --- Civilization, Medieval --- Politics and war --- War and society
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While some books present “ideal” ethnographic field methods, Inside Ethnography shares the realities of fieldwork in action. With a focus on strategies employed with populations at society’s margins, twenty-one contemporary ethnographers examine their cutting-edge work with honesty and introspection, drawing readers into the field to reveal the challenges they have faced. Representing disciplinary approaches from criminology, sociology, anthropology, public health, business, and social work, and designed explicitly for courses on ethnographic and qualitative methods, crime, deviance, drugs, and urban sociology, the authors portray an evolving methodology that adapts to the conditions of the field while tackling emerging controversies with perceptive sensitivity. Their judicious advice on how to avoid pitfalls and remedy missteps provides unusual insights for practitioners, academics, and undergraduate and graduate students.
Ethnology --- Research --- Methodology. --- academics. --- anthropology. --- business. --- challenges. --- contemporary ethnographers. --- crime. --- criminology. --- cutting edge work. --- deviance. --- disciplinary approaches. --- drugs. --- emerging controversies. --- ethnographic field methods. --- evolving methodology. --- fieldwork in action. --- graduate students. --- honesty. --- introspection. --- judicious advice. --- perceptive sensitivity. --- practitioners. --- public health. --- qualitative methods. --- social work. --- societys margins. --- sociology. --- undergraduate students. --- urban sociology.
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"In 1969, Princeton physicist Gerard O'Neill began looking outward to space colonies as the new frontier for humanity's expansion. A decade later, Eric Drexler, an MIT-trained engineer, turned his attention to the molecular world as the place where society's future needs could be met using self-replicating nanoscale machines. These modern utopians predicted that their technologies could transform society as humans mastered the ability to create new worlds, undertook atomic-scale engineering, and, if truly successful, overcame their own biological limits. The Visioneers tells the story of how these scientists and the communities they fostered imagined, designed, and popularized speculative technologies such as space colonies and nanotechnologies. Patrick McCray traces how these visioneers blended countercultural ideals with hard science, entrepreneurship, libertarianism, and unbridled optimism about the future. He shows how they built networks that communicated their ideas to writers, politicians, and corporate leaders. But the visioneers were not immune to failure--or to the lures of profit, celebrity, and hype. O'Neill and Drexler faced difficulty funding their work and overcoming colleagues' skepticism, and saw their ideas co-opted and transformed by Timothy Leary, the scriptwriters of Star Trek, and many others. Ultimately, both men struggled to overcome stigma and ostracism as they tried to unshackle their visioneering from pejorative labels like "fringe" and "pseudoscience." The Visioneers provides a balanced look at the successes and pitfalls they encountered. The book exposes the dangers of promotion--oversimplification, misuse, and misunderstanding--that can plague exploratory science. But above all, it highlights the importance of radical new ideas that inspire us to support cutting-edge research into tomorrow's technologies"--
Visionaries --- Science --- Science and civilization --- Technological innovations --- Visionnaires --- Sciences --- Sciences et civilisation --- Innovations --- History. --- Philosophy --- Forecasting --- Social aspects --- Histoire --- Philosophie --- Prévision --- Aspect social --- Visionaries. --- Persons --- Apparitions --- Visions --- American culture. --- Eric Drexler. --- Gerard O'Neill. --- K. Eric Drexler. --- Omni magazine. --- asteroids. --- atomic-scale engineering. --- biotechnology. --- countercultural ideals. --- cutting-edge research. --- existential crisis. --- exploration. --- exploratory science. --- future technology. --- human settlement. --- lunar factory. --- microelectronics. --- nanotechnology. --- pseudoscience. --- science. --- solar sails. --- space colonies. --- space colony. --- space settlement. --- space settlements. --- technology. --- visioneering.
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This specialist edition features key innovations in the science and engineering of new grinding processes, abrasives, tools, machines, and systems for a range of important industrial applications. Topics written by invited, internationally recognized authors review the advances and present results of research over a range of well-known grinding processes. A significant introductory review chapter explores innovations to achieve high productivity and very high precision in grinding. The reviewed applications range from grinding systems for very large lenses and reflectors, through to medium size grinding machine processes, and down to grinding very small components used in MEMS . Early research chapters explore the influence of grinding wheel topography on surface integrity and wheel wear. A novel chapter on abrasive processes also addresses the finishing of parts produced by additive manufacturing through mass finishing. Materials to be ground range from conventional engineering steels to aerospace materials, ceramics, and composites. The research findings highlight important new results for avoiding material sub-surface damage. The papers compiled in this book include references to many source publications which will be found invaluable for further research, such as new features introduced into control systems to improve process efficiency. The papers also reflect significant improvements and research findings relating to many aspects of grinding processes, including machines, materials, abrasives, wheel preparation, coolants, lubricants, and fluid delivery. Finally, a definitive chapter summarizes the optimal settings for high precision and the achievement of centerless grinding stability.
wheels --- safe operation --- precision --- lubrication --- surface roughness --- microgrinding --- high-performance dry grinding --- micro-grinding --- brittle hard materials --- glass --- micropencil grinding tools --- topography --- glass–ceramic --- cutting edge --- coolant delivery --- quality --- fusion --- materials --- metal additive manufacturing --- profile gear grinding --- grinding fluid --- coolant --- contact conditions --- metal cutting fluid --- grinding --- self-sharpening --- mass finishing --- process optimization --- centerless grinding --- grinding fluid nozzle --- laser --- productivity --- systems --- subsurface damages --- NC-form grinding --- sodium dodecyl sulfate --- grinding wheels --- processes --- jet breakup --- control --- removal rates --- wear modelling --- precision grinding --- optics manufacturing --- sensors --- bonding --- microstructures --- machines --- thermo-mechanical stress collective
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Recent years have witnessed an upsurge in global health emergencies-from SARS to pandemic influenza to Ebola to Zika. Each of these occurrences has sparked calls for improved health preparedness. In Unprepared, Andrew Lakoff follows the history of health preparedness from its beginnings in 1950s Cold War civil defense to the early twenty-first century, when international health authorities carved out a global space for governing potential outbreaks. Alert systems and trigger devices now link health authorities, government officials, and vaccine manufacturers, all of whom are concerned with the possibility of a global pandemic. Funds have been devoted to cutting-edge research on pathogenic organisms, and a system of post hoc diagnosis analyzes sites of failed preparedness to find new targets for improvement. Yet, despite all these developments, the project of global health security continues to be unsettled by the prospect of surprise.
World health. --- Bioterrorism --- Emergency management --- Global health --- International health --- Public health --- Medical geography --- Prevention. --- International cooperation --- Global Health. --- Public Health. --- Pandemics --- prevention & control. --- Community Health --- Environment, Preventive Medicine & Public Health --- Environment, Preventive Medicine and Public Health --- Health, Community --- Health, Public --- Preventive Medicine --- Education, Public Health Professional --- International Health --- Worldwide Health --- International Health Problems --- World Health --- Health Problem, International --- Health Problems, International --- Health, Global --- Health, International --- Health, World --- Health, Worldwide --- Healths, International --- International Health Problem --- International Healths --- Problem, International Health --- Problems, International Health --- World Health Organization --- 1950s cold war. --- 21st century. --- alert systems. --- civil defense. --- coronavirus. --- cutting edge research. --- ebola. --- global health emergencies. --- global pandemic. --- global space. --- governing potential outbreaks. --- government officials. --- health authorities. --- health preparedness. --- international health authorities. --- pandemic influenza. --- pathogenic organisms. --- sars. --- trigger devices. --- vaccine manufacturers. --- zika.
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How to benefit from emerging technologies From the daggers and axes of the cavemen societies to today's spacecraft, self-driving cars, metaverses, and AI-filled societies, technology has significantly emerged and brought about a massive transformation to our lives. The pace of this innovation has been particularly colossal in this industrial era, continuously disrupting our lives. Where will this imminent tech take us in the future? This book will dissect how various aspects of our lives will be transformed in the years to come, with a particular focus on how to benefit from these emerging technologies. You will gain a 360-degree view by getting a historical perspective of technology since discussions about the future are seldom complete without history. The ongoing debate on whether technology will replace our jobs in the future is causing great panic. Technology will not take away our jobs; lack of technology certainly will. This book provides a freight of the latest tech-driven trends to equip everyone to face the future, like a one-time software upgrade. Whether you're a freshly graduated student, a bewildered parent, or a tech enthusiast, this book offers everything you need to stay ahead of the game. It will also help budding entrepreneurs and corporate professionals identify opportunities to incorporate tech into their businesses through a glimpse into the future.
Technological innovations. --- Technological innovations --- Technological forecasting. --- Social aspects. --- Books on technology and business. --- Books on technology and future. --- Best books on future technology. --- Best books on technology and society. --- Books on technology innovation. --- Books on technology for dummies. --- Books on technology for nontechnical people. --- Technology scouting books. --- Technology explained. --- History of technology books. --- Key trends in technology for dummies. --- Technology books for dummies 2022. --- Information technology books. --- How technology works book. --- Technology history books. --- How to use technology book. --- Cutting-edge research on technology for beginners. --- Leading in the digital world. --- Tech books for beginners. --- Tech books for dummies. --- Tech books to read. --- Tech books. --- Books on technology and business trends. --- Keeping up with technology for dummies.
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The Special Issue Machining—Recent Advances, Applications and Challenges is intended as a humble collection of some of the hottest topics in machining. The manufacturing industry is a varying and challenging environment where new advances emerge from one day to another. In recent years, new manufacturing procedures have retained increasing attention from the industrial and scientific community. However, machining still remains the key operation to achieve high productivity and precision for high-added value parts. Continuous research is performed, and new ideas are constantly considered. This Special Issue summarizes selected high-quality papers which were submitted, peer-reviewed, and recommended by experts. It covers some (but not only) of the following topics: High performance operations for difficult-to-cut alloys, wrought and cast materials, light alloys, ceramics, etc.; Cutting tools, grades, substrates and coatings. Wear damage; Advanced cooling in machining: Minimum quantity of lubricant, dry or cryogenics; Modelling, focused on the reduction of risks, the process outcome, and to maintain surface integrity; Vibration problems in machines: Active and passive/predictive methods, sources, diagnosis and avoidance; Influence of machining in new concepts of machine–tool, and machine static and dynamic behaviors; Machinability of new composites, brittle and emerging materials; Assisted machining processes by high-pressure, laser, US, and others; Introduction of new analytics and decision making into machining programming. We wish to thank the reviewers and staff from Materials for their comments, advice, suggestions and invaluable support during the development of this Special Issue.
in situ estimation --- modeling --- simulation --- variable pitch --- X-ray diffraction --- cutting edge preparation --- plastic zone --- flank milling --- surface roughness --- power consumption --- cutting tool --- fatigue --- additive manufacturing --- optimization --- trochoidal step --- surface topography --- sinusoidal grid --- milling --- desirability approach --- electrochemical discharge machining --- fast simulation --- Inconel 718 --- secondary adhesion wear --- machinability --- hybrid stacks drilling --- cooling rate --- shape memory alloy --- residual stress --- diameter variation --- turning --- computer vision --- workholding --- on-machine monitoring --- chip morphology --- dry-cutting --- turning machine tools --- SACE-drilled hole depth --- residual stresses --- cryogenic machining --- prime machining costs --- PVD Ti0.41Al0.59N/Ti0.55Al0.45N coating --- single point incremental sheet forming --- butt weld joint --- dish angle --- machining characteristic --- DSC test --- segmented diamond blade --- cutting tool wear --- ultra-precision machining --- ceramics --- shape memory effect --- current density --- fractal dimension --- crack growth rate --- drilling --- force–temperature correlation through analytical modeling --- finite element model --- analytic solution --- aluminium --- taguchi method --- multi-objective optimization --- real-time prediction --- Gamma-TiAl --- cutting temperature --- EN 31 steel --- superalloys --- material-removal rate --- glass machining --- corner radius --- thin-wall machining --- vibration --- GPU --- titanium aluminides --- minimum quantity lubrication --- machining temperatures at two deformation zones --- finite element method --- roughness --- slight materials --- high computational efficiency --- dynamic --- adhesive --- heat transfer analysis --- connections --- stability --- vibrations --- trochoidal milling --- magnesium alloys --- specific cutting energy --- laser-assisted machining --- artificial neutral network --- microscopic analysis --- Milling stability --- topography --- weight loss --- modal testing --- sustainable machining --- dry --- damping --- ductile machining --- Inconel® 718 --- modelling --- cutting edge microgeometry --- electropulsing --- PCD --- cutting geometry --- fixture --- artificial neural networks --- spark-assisted chemical engraving --- machining --- specific energy consumption --- heat transfer search algorithm --- material removal rate --- prediction --- CFRP/UNS A92024 --- tool wear --- titanium alloy --- multi-beam laser --- chip compression ratio --- design of experiments --- concrete --- ANN --- titanium --- chatter --- response surface methodology --- machine tool --- superelastic nitinol --- optimal machining conditions --- machine vision --- steel sheet --- cutting process --- fracture mechanism --- self-excitation --- tool insert condition --- induction assisted milling --- hole quality --- GA --- titanium alloys --- microlens array --- parameter identification --- Taguchi method --- weld reinforcement --- slow tool servo --- cutting parameters --- flank super abrasive machining (SAM) --- stiffness properties --- grey relational analysis --- deflection --- computer numerical control --- grain density --- surface grinding --- the cutting force components --- Huber–Mises stress --- WEDM
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Metrology is the science of measurement, which can be divided into three overlapping activities: (1) the definition of units of measurement, (2) the realization of units of measurement, and (3) the traceability of measurement units. Manufacturing metrology originally implicates the measurement of components and inputs for a manufacturing process to assure they are within specification requirements. It can also be extended to indicate the performance measurement of manufacturing equipment. This Special Issue covers papers revealing novel measurement methodologies and instrumentations for manufacturing metrology from the conventional industry to the frontier of the advanced hi-tech industry. Twenty-five papers are included in this Special Issue. These published papers can be categorized into four main groups, as follows: Length measurement: covering new designs, from micro/nanogap measurement with laser triangulation sensors and laser interferometers to very-long-distance, newly developed mode-locked femtosecond lasers. Surface profile and form measurements: covering technologies with new confocal sensors and imagine sensors: in situ and on-machine measurements. Angle measurements: these include a new 2D precision level design, a review of angle measurement with mode-locked femtosecond lasers, and multi-axis machine tool squareness measurement. Other laboratory systems: these include a water cooling temperature control system and a computer-aided inspection framework for CMM performance evaluation.
Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- white light interference --- laser interference --- surface positioning --- end-plate surface distance measurement --- spherical diamond wheel --- diamond roller --- form truing --- in-situ measurements --- topography measurement --- differential measurement system --- modular design --- confocal sensor --- film interferometry --- over-constrained mechanism --- geometric deviations --- multi-tasking machine tools --- identification method --- squareness of translational axes --- metrology --- step gauge --- length calibration --- multi-path laser synthesis technology --- measurement mechanism --- machine tool --- surface shape contour --- on-site measurement --- positional relation --- scanless 3D imaging --- compressed sensing --- depth detection --- single-pixel detector --- blade tip timing --- circumferential Fourier fit --- synchronous vibration --- optical angle sensor --- mode-locked femtosecond laser --- optical frequency comb --- laser autocollimation --- diffraction grating --- absolute angle measurement --- nonlinear optics --- second harmonic generation --- aeroengine blade --- blade twist --- measurement and evaluation --- a priori planning --- geometric analysis --- automated optical inspection --- precision measurement --- circular contour --- edge detection --- measurement system analysis --- coordinate measuring machine --- reproducibility --- GD& --- T --- quality --- measurement uncertainty --- precision metrology --- form measurement --- stitching linear-scan method --- roundness measurement --- Monte Carlo method --- single point diamond tool --- cutting edge radius --- reversal method --- nanoindentation system --- elastic recovery --- surface charge distribution --- point probing characteristics --- spherical scattering electrical field probe --- miniature internal structures --- high aspect ratios --- circulating cooling water --- dynamic thermal filtering --- precision manufacturing --- quick response --- temperature stability --- thermal management --- dual-axis level --- light refraction --- light transmission --- angle measurement --- differential Fabry-Pérot interferometer --- homodyne interferometer --- nonlinearity error --- linear displacement --- chromatic confocal probe --- femtosecond laser --- off-axis differential method --- tracking local minimum method --- laser triangulation displacement sensor (LTDS) --- dispensing robot --- location system --- actual laser imaging waveform --- centroid difference --- repeatability accuracy --- dynamic response speed --- absolute distance measurement --- system error correction --- surface texture measurement --- confocal sensing --- surface form tracing --- 3D reconstruction --- roughness --- in-process --- metrology for machining --- optical coherence tomography --- wafer die --- defect detection --- generative adversarial network (GAN) --- you only look once version 3 (YOLOv3) --- pad dressing --- dynamic measurement --- CMP --- pad uniformity --- pad lifetime --- white light interference --- laser interference --- surface positioning --- end-plate surface distance measurement --- spherical diamond wheel --- diamond roller --- form truing --- in-situ measurements --- topography measurement --- differential measurement system --- modular design --- confocal sensor --- film interferometry --- over-constrained mechanism --- geometric deviations --- multi-tasking machine tools --- identification method --- squareness of translational axes --- metrology --- step gauge --- length calibration --- multi-path laser synthesis technology --- measurement mechanism --- machine tool --- surface shape contour --- on-site measurement --- positional relation --- scanless 3D imaging --- compressed sensing --- depth detection --- single-pixel detector --- blade tip timing --- circumferential Fourier fit --- synchronous vibration --- optical angle sensor --- mode-locked femtosecond laser --- optical frequency comb --- laser autocollimation --- diffraction grating --- absolute angle measurement --- nonlinear optics --- second harmonic generation --- aeroengine blade --- blade twist --- measurement and evaluation --- a priori planning --- geometric analysis --- automated optical inspection --- precision measurement --- circular contour --- edge detection --- measurement system analysis --- coordinate measuring machine --- reproducibility --- GD& --- T --- quality --- measurement uncertainty --- precision metrology --- form measurement --- stitching linear-scan method --- roundness measurement --- Monte Carlo method --- single point diamond tool --- cutting edge radius --- reversal method --- nanoindentation system --- elastic recovery --- surface charge distribution --- point probing characteristics --- spherical scattering electrical field probe --- miniature internal structures --- high aspect ratios --- circulating cooling water --- dynamic thermal filtering --- precision manufacturing --- quick response --- temperature stability --- thermal management --- dual-axis level --- light refraction --- light transmission --- angle measurement --- differential Fabry-Pérot interferometer --- homodyne interferometer --- nonlinearity error --- linear displacement --- chromatic confocal probe --- femtosecond laser --- off-axis differential method --- tracking local minimum method --- laser triangulation displacement sensor (LTDS) --- dispensing robot --- location system --- actual laser imaging waveform --- centroid difference --- repeatability accuracy --- dynamic response speed --- absolute distance measurement --- system error correction --- surface texture measurement --- confocal sensing --- surface form tracing --- 3D reconstruction --- roughness --- in-process --- metrology for machining --- optical coherence tomography --- wafer die --- defect detection --- generative adversarial network (GAN) --- you only look once version 3 (YOLOv3) --- pad dressing --- dynamic measurement --- CMP --- pad uniformity --- pad lifetime
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