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Over the last decade, the growth of e-commerce has continued to increase and this phenomenon is not about to stop. Today, providing an exceptional online shopping experience requires improving the entire process (i.e. pre-purchase, purchase and post-purchase). In addition, delivery times seem to be a key factor in satisfying customers who are becoming more and more demanding.
Faced with this situation, PFS realized that collaborating with the UPS carrier could reduce delivery times to France and Spain by sending a truck earlier in the day to the UPS distribution centre in Paris. This project-thesis focuses on this new service and in particular for Asics and Clarins clients. The objective is to assess the impacts of a new promise allowing any customer who places an order before noon to benefit from shorter delivery times.
First, a review of the scientific literature and other sources of information is carried out in order to understand trends in e-commerce, customers' requirements in terms of delivery times and the improvement of some order fulfilment processes. It appears that fast delivery times increase customers’ satisfaction and loyalty.
Then, analyses are performed on the impacts that this new promise has on warehouse operations but also on truck loading capacity. This is achieved through the development of a specific methodology to simulate scenarios associated to peak and off-peak periods.
Finally, recommendations are proposed. In general, flexibility is needed in terms of the type(s) of truck(s) to be used. Regarding operations in the warehouse, all orders can be processed with some changes in the start time of outbound operations and the number of workers required. Nevertheless, for a better management of this new service, specific daily forecasts on the number of orders to be shipped should be established. Durant la dernière décennie, la croissance de l’e-commerce n’a cessé d’augmenter et ce phénomène n’est pas près de s’arrêter. Aujourd’hui, fournir une expérience d’achat en ligne exceptionnelle passe par l’amélioration de l’ensemble du processus (c.-à-d. pré-achat, achat et post-achat). De plus, les délais de livraison semblent être un facteur clé de satisfaction chez les consommateurs devenus de plus en plus exigeants. Face à ce constat, PFS s’est rendu compte qu’une collaboration avec le transporteur UPS pouvait permettre de bénéficier d’une diminution des délais de livraison sur la France et l’Espagne en faisant partir un camion plus tôt dans la journée à destination du centre de distribution UPS à Paris. Ce mémoire-projet se concentre sur ce nouveau service et en particulier pour les clients Asics et Clarins. L’objectif est d’évaluer les impacts d’une nouvelle promesse permettant à tout consommateur qui place une commande avant midi de bénéficier de délais de livraison plus courts.
Tout d’abord, une revue de la littérature scientifique ainsi que d’autres sources d’informations ont permis de comprendre les tendances dans l’e-commerce, les exigences des consommateurs en termes de délais de livraison et l’amélioration de certains processus d’exécution des commandes. Il ressort que les délais de livraison rapides et à moindres coûts permettraient d’augmenter la satisfaction des consommateurs.
Ensuite, des analyses sont effectuées sur l’impact que peut avoir cette nouvelle promesse au point de vue des opérations dans l’entrepôt mais également sur la capacité de chargement des camions. Ceci est rendu possible grâce à l’élaboration d’une méthodologie permettant de simuler des scénarios associés à des périodes spécifiques.
Finalement, des recommandations sont proposées. De manière générale, une flexibilité quant aux types de camions à utiliser est nécessaire. En ce qui concerne les opérations, le traitement de toutes les commandes est possible moyennant quelques changements au niveau des heures de début des opérations ainsi que sur le nombre de travailleurs requis. Néanmoins, pour une meilleure gestion de ce nouveau service, des prévisions journalières spécifiques sur le nombre de commandes à expédier doivent être réalisées.

Customer satisfaction, experience and loyalty --- Simulations --- Forecasts --- Order cut-off time --- Injection directe --- Lead time --- Warehouse operations --- Expérience, satisfaction et fidélisation des clients --- Simulations --- Prévisions --- Heure limite de commandes --- Direct injection --- Délais de livraison --- opérations dans un entrepôt --- Sciences économiques & de gestion > Production, distribution & gestion de la chaîne logistique

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In a worldwide context of ever-growing competition for water and land, climate change, droughts and man-made water scarcity, and less-participatory water governance, agriculture faces the great challenge of producing enough food for a continually increasing population. In this line, this book provides a broad overview of innovation issues in the complex water-agriculture-food nexus, thus also relative to their interconnections and dependences. Issues refer to different spatial scales, from the field or the farm to the irrigation system or the river basin. Multidisciplinary approaches are used when analyzing the relationships between water, agriculture, and food security. The covered issues are quite diverse and include: innovation in crop evapotranspiration, crop coefficients and modeling; updates in research relative to crop water use and saving; irrigation scheduling and systems design; simulation models to support water and agricultural decisions; issues to cope with water scarcity and climate change; advances in water resource quality and sustainable uses; new tools for mapping and use of remote sensing information; and fostering a participative and inclusive governance of water for food security and population welfare. This book brings together a variety of contributions by leading international experts, professionals, and scholars in those diverse fields. It represents a major synthesis and state-of-the-art on various subjects, thus providing a valuable and updated resource for all researchers, professionals, policymakers, and post-graduate students interested in the complex world of the water-agriculture-food nexus.

hysteresis loops --- irrigation systems design --- fuzzy cognitive maps --- Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) --- olive orchard --- Kcb from ground cover --- crop growth --- surface water pollution --- crop water use and evapotranspiration --- measures --- water–energy–food nexus --- water-agriculture-food nexus --- drought classes --- soil temperature --- pressures --- crop water requirements --- Standardized Precipitation and Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) --- validation --- latent heat flux --- log-linear modeling --- impact --- Row crops --- dried on the vine --- reform --- Tagus River Basin --- precise land levelling --- regulated deficit irrigation --- Transfer --- relative pressure exceedance --- irrigation district --- evaporation --- Irrigation --- perturbation --- aridity effects --- economic and environmental issues --- water users’ organization --- pressurized irrigation systems --- decision support systems (DSS) --- Pampa biome --- crop yield --- reference evapotranspiration --- DPSIR --- SIMDualKc model --- semi-arid region --- wheat --- calibration --- design of irrigation systems --- Density coefficient --- simulation models --- biomass --- crop transpiration --- groundwater --- direct forcing --- Spain --- satellite observations --- maize yield --- water and salt balance --- soil water balance --- spatial variability --- persistence --- supply–demand balance model --- sustained deficit irrigation --- leaf area index --- evapotranspiration --- eddy covariance --- dry drainage system --- droughts --- Participatory Irrigation Management --- Black soil --- surface irrigation modelling --- drip and basin irrigation --- remote sensing --- crop coefficient curves --- irrigation scheduling --- unsteady flow --- root growth --- North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) --- Sensitive Zones --- soil evaporation --- actual evapotranspiration --- agricultural intensification --- organizational analysis --- policies --- water and land management --- agriculture --- hydrant risk indicator --- evaporative fraction --- local advection --- Fiesta grapes --- Evapotranspiration --- Dual crop coefficients --- Vulnerable Zones --- salinity --- cut-off time --- soil moisture --- irrigation water governance --- nitrogen --- Andalusia --- Corn --- basal crop coefficients --- water balance --- participatory management --- beneficial water use --- soil nutrient --- water users association --- deficit irrigation --- stakeholder engagement --- new technologies --- smartphone application --- drip irrigation --- Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. --- inflow rates --- policy-making --- soil water storage depletion --- on-demand operation