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Dissertation
Développement d'un indice de fréquentation touristique grâce aux camera traps et aux réseaux neuronaux convolutionnels
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Year: 2019 Publisher: Liège Université de Liège (ULiège)

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Abstract

Les services écosystémiques récréatifs sont généralement mal évalués ou ignorés. Une meilleure évaluation de ces services devrait permettre aux gestionnaires de milieux naturels de comprendre plus finement la dynamique des visiteurs dans ces milieux. Cela aiderait à mieux lutter contre la dégradation des milieux naturels, mais aussi à mettre certains écosystèmes plus en valeur. Dans ce mémoire, un prototype d’une nouvelle technique d’évaluation de la fréquentation touristique est élaboré. Cette technique utilise les camera traps pour collecter des données sur le nombre de visiteurs et sur leur comportement. Le travail d’analyse de ces images, souvent conséquent, est confié à un algorithme de deep learning nommé Mask R-CNN. D’une part, les résultats montrent que la position des caméras traps doit être homogénéisée pour faciliter le fonctionnement de l’algorithme. D’autre part, le modèle détecte 89,0 ± 4,2 % du temps les personnes et les classifie correctement 97,1 ± 1,0 % du temps sur des photos floues. Néanmoins, les autres classes (chiens, vélos, véhicules, sacs à dos) ne sont pas encore correctement détectées. Le modèle doit être partiellement entraîné sur des données en extérieur et un prétraitement des images par segmentation devrait être utilisé. Une étude de cas réalisée sur le projet AGRETA montre que, même si la technique doit être améliorée, il est déjà possible d’obtenir certaines données précises sur le long terme. De plus, pouvoir consulter les images lors d’événements suspects dans les résultats est une source d’informations inattendue, mais riche. Recreational ecosystem services are generally poorly valued or ignored. However, a better evaluation of these services should allow managers to better understand the dynamics of visitors in these environments. This would help to better prevent the degradation of natural environments but also to highlight certain ecosystems. In this work, a prototype of a new technique for visitor monitoring is being developed. This technique uses camera traps to collect counting and behavioural data of visitors. The analysing task of these images, often substantial, is carried out by a deep learning algorithm called Mask R-CNN. The results show, on the one hand, that the position of the camera traps must be homogenized to facilitate the operation of the algorithm. On the other hand, the model detects people 89.0 ± 4.2% of the time and classifies them correctly 97.1 ± 1.0% of the time on blurred photos. However, the other classes (dogs, bicycles, vehicles, backpacks) are not correctly detected yet. The model must be partially trained on outdoor data, and image pre-processing by segmentation should be used. A case study of the AGRETA project shows that although the technique needs to be improved, it is already possible to obtain some accurate data over the long term. In addition, the ability to view images during suspicious events in the results is an unexpected but rich source of information.


Book
Urban Ecosystem Services II: Toward a Sustainable Future
Authors: ---
Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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The school of thought surrounding the urban ecosystem has increasingly become in vogue among researchers worldwide. Since half of the world’s population lives in cities, urban ecosystem services have become essential to human health and wellbeing. Rapid urban growth has forced sustainable urban developers to rethink important steps by updating and, to some degree, recreating the human–ecosystem service linkage.Assessing as well as estimating the losses of ecosystem services can denote the essential effects of urbanization and increasingly indicate where cities fall short. This second book on urban ecosystem services contains 11 thoroughly refereed contributions published within the Special Issue “Urban Ecosystem Services II: Toward a Sustainable Future”. The book addresses topics such as cultural ecosystem services, green infrastructure, urban trees, urban green spaces, and more. The contributions highlight current knowledge, gaps, and future research with the focus on building a sustainable future.


Book
Urban Ecosystem Services II: Toward a Sustainable Future
Authors: ---
Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

The school of thought surrounding the urban ecosystem has increasingly become in vogue among researchers worldwide. Since half of the world’s population lives in cities, urban ecosystem services have become essential to human health and wellbeing. Rapid urban growth has forced sustainable urban developers to rethink important steps by updating and, to some degree, recreating the human–ecosystem service linkage.Assessing as well as estimating the losses of ecosystem services can denote the essential effects of urbanization and increasingly indicate where cities fall short. This second book on urban ecosystem services contains 11 thoroughly refereed contributions published within the Special Issue “Urban Ecosystem Services II: Toward a Sustainable Future”. The book addresses topics such as cultural ecosystem services, green infrastructure, urban trees, urban green spaces, and more. The contributions highlight current knowledge, gaps, and future research with the focus on building a sustainable future.


Book
Sustainability of Rural Tourism and Promotion of Local Development
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Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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This Special Issue contains articles include, but not limited to, empirical, analytical, or design-oriented approaches to the following topics: Monitoring of carrying capacity and mechanisms for managing tourist flows in rural areas; Systems and tools to measure the social, economic, and environmental sustainability of rural tourism; Integration between public tourism policies and private strategies in the promotion and implementation of sustainable practices; Policies for promoting public participation in the planning and development of sustainable rural tourism; The impacts of tourism on traditional agricultural activities; Identity enhancement of the territory and its productions; "Good practices" in the implementation of rural tourism sustainability.


Book
Sustainability of Rural Tourism and Promotion of Local Development
Author:
Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

This Special Issue contains articles include, but not limited to, empirical, analytical, or design-oriented approaches to the following topics: Monitoring of carrying capacity and mechanisms for managing tourist flows in rural areas; Systems and tools to measure the social, economic, and environmental sustainability of rural tourism; Integration between public tourism policies and private strategies in the promotion and implementation of sustainable practices; Policies for promoting public participation in the planning and development of sustainable rural tourism; The impacts of tourism on traditional agricultural activities; Identity enhancement of the territory and its productions; "Good practices" in the implementation of rural tourism sustainability.


Book
Urban Ecosystem Services II: Toward a Sustainable Future
Authors: ---
Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Export citation

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Bookmark

Abstract

The school of thought surrounding the urban ecosystem has increasingly become in vogue among researchers worldwide. Since half of the world’s population lives in cities, urban ecosystem services have become essential to human health and wellbeing. Rapid urban growth has forced sustainable urban developers to rethink important steps by updating and, to some degree, recreating the human–ecosystem service linkage.Assessing as well as estimating the losses of ecosystem services can denote the essential effects of urbanization and increasingly indicate where cities fall short. This second book on urban ecosystem services contains 11 thoroughly refereed contributions published within the Special Issue “Urban Ecosystem Services II: Toward a Sustainable Future”. The book addresses topics such as cultural ecosystem services, green infrastructure, urban trees, urban green spaces, and more. The contributions highlight current knowledge, gaps, and future research with the focus on building a sustainable future.

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