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Mitochondrial transporters are membrane-inserted proteins which provide a link between metabolic reactions occurring within the mitochondrial matrix and outside the organelles by catalyzing the translocation of numerous solutes across the mitochondrial membrane. They include the mitochondrial carrier family members, the proteins involved in pyruvate transport, ABC transporters and channels, and are, therefore, essential for many biological processes and cell homeostasis. Identification and functional studies of many mitochondrial transporters have been performed over the years using both in vitro and in vivo systems. The few recently solved structures of these transporters have paved the way for further investigations. Furthermore, alterations in their function are responsible for several diseases.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- hypoxia --- resistance to hypoxia --- mitochondria --- mitochondrial calcium transport --- mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex --- mitochondrial Ca2+-induced permeability transition pore --- cyclophilin D --- ATP synthase --- disease --- error of metabolism --- mitochondrial carrier --- mitochondrial carrier disease --- mitochondrial disease --- mitochondrial transporter --- membrane transport --- mutation --- SLC25. --- mitochondrial permeability transition --- apoptosis --- necrosis --- ischemia/reperfusion --- cancer --- neurodegeneration --- cyclosporin A --- metabolite transport --- mitochondrial pyruvate carrier --- sideroflexin --- TOM --- TIM chaperones --- TIM22 --- protein translocation --- mitochondrial biogenesis --- amino acid --- biological function --- ion --- inner mitochondrial membrane --- mitochondrial carrier family --- organic acid --- substrate specificity --- transport mechanism --- vitamin --- USMG5/DAPIT --- glucose-stimulated insulin secretion --- glucose-induced expression --- membrane subunits of ATP synthase --- ATP synthase oligomers mitochondrial cristae morphology --- metabolism --- metabolic disorders --- adult-onset type II citrullinemia (CTLN2) --- aspartate/glutamate carrier (AGC) --- animal model --- argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS) --- aversion to carbohydrates --- citrin --- food taste --- neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis caused by citrin deficiency (NICCD) --- protein–protein interaction --- MPC --- lifespan --- pyruvate metabolism --- mitochondrial transport --- peroxisomes --- carrier --- cofactor --- ABC transporter --- aquaporin --- ion channels --- potassium channels --- ATP --- calcium --- ROS --- potassium channel openers --- MCF --- function --- plant metabolism --- plant development --- diseases --- VDAC1 --- virus --- pancreatic islets --- β-cell --- diabetes --- glucotoxicity --- glucolipotoxicity --- lipotoxicity --- mitochondrial carriers --- SLC transporters --- SLC25 --- SLC54 --- SLC55 --- LETM --- SLC56 --- sequence analysis --- protein targeting --- Voltage-Dependent Anion selective Channel --- isoforms --- oxidative post-translational modification --- gene promoter --- yeast --- bioenergetics --- SLC25A1 --- CIC --- CTP --- citrate --- inflammation --- 22.q11.2 --- NAFLD/NASH --- carnitine --- carnitine acyl-carnitine carrier --- carnitine acyl-carnitine translocase --- post-translational modification --- solute carrier family 25 --- SLC25A20 --- MCU --- mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter --- Ca2+ signaling --- mitochondrial metabolism --- skeletal muscle mitochondria --- SLC25A51 --- NAD+ transporters --- NAD --- electrophysiology --- ATP-dependent potassium channel

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Mitochondrial transporters are membrane-inserted proteins which provide a link between metabolic reactions occurring within the mitochondrial matrix and outside the organelles by catalyzing the translocation of numerous solutes across the mitochondrial membrane. They include the mitochondrial carrier family members, the proteins involved in pyruvate transport, ABC transporters and channels, and are, therefore, essential for many biological processes and cell homeostasis. Identification and functional studies of many mitochondrial transporters have been performed over the years using both in vitro and in vivo systems. The few recently solved structures of these transporters have paved the way for further investigations. Furthermore, alterations in their function are responsible for several diseases.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- hypoxia --- resistance to hypoxia --- mitochondria --- mitochondrial calcium transport --- mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex --- mitochondrial Ca2+-induced permeability transition pore --- cyclophilin D --- ATP synthase --- disease --- error of metabolism --- mitochondrial carrier --- mitochondrial carrier disease --- mitochondrial disease --- mitochondrial transporter --- membrane transport --- mutation --- SLC25. --- mitochondrial permeability transition --- apoptosis --- necrosis --- ischemia/reperfusion --- cancer --- neurodegeneration --- cyclosporin A --- metabolite transport --- mitochondrial pyruvate carrier --- sideroflexin --- TOM --- TIM chaperones --- TIM22 --- protein translocation --- mitochondrial biogenesis --- amino acid --- biological function --- ion --- inner mitochondrial membrane --- mitochondrial carrier family --- organic acid --- substrate specificity --- transport mechanism --- vitamin --- USMG5/DAPIT --- glucose-stimulated insulin secretion --- glucose-induced expression --- membrane subunits of ATP synthase --- ATP synthase oligomers mitochondrial cristae morphology --- metabolism --- metabolic disorders --- adult-onset type II citrullinemia (CTLN2) --- aspartate/glutamate carrier (AGC) --- animal model --- argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS) --- aversion to carbohydrates --- citrin --- food taste --- neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis caused by citrin deficiency (NICCD) --- protein–protein interaction --- MPC --- lifespan --- pyruvate metabolism --- mitochondrial transport --- peroxisomes --- carrier --- cofactor --- ABC transporter --- aquaporin --- ion channels --- potassium channels --- ATP --- calcium --- ROS --- potassium channel openers --- MCF --- function --- plant metabolism --- plant development --- diseases --- VDAC1 --- virus --- pancreatic islets --- β-cell --- diabetes --- glucotoxicity --- glucolipotoxicity --- lipotoxicity --- mitochondrial carriers --- SLC transporters --- SLC25 --- SLC54 --- SLC55 --- LETM --- SLC56 --- sequence analysis --- protein targeting --- Voltage-Dependent Anion selective Channel --- isoforms --- oxidative post-translational modification --- gene promoter --- yeast --- bioenergetics --- SLC25A1 --- CIC --- CTP --- citrate --- inflammation --- 22.q11.2 --- NAFLD/NASH --- carnitine --- carnitine acyl-carnitine carrier --- carnitine acyl-carnitine translocase --- post-translational modification --- solute carrier family 25 --- SLC25A20 --- MCU --- mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter --- Ca2+ signaling --- mitochondrial metabolism --- skeletal muscle mitochondria --- SLC25A51 --- NAD+ transporters --- NAD --- electrophysiology --- ATP-dependent potassium channel --- hypoxia --- resistance to hypoxia --- mitochondria --- mitochondrial calcium transport --- mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex --- mitochondrial Ca2+-induced permeability transition pore --- cyclophilin D --- ATP synthase --- disease --- error of metabolism --- mitochondrial carrier --- mitochondrial carrier disease --- mitochondrial disease --- mitochondrial transporter --- membrane transport --- mutation --- SLC25. --- mitochondrial permeability transition --- apoptosis --- necrosis --- ischemia/reperfusion --- cancer --- neurodegeneration --- cyclosporin A --- metabolite transport --- mitochondrial pyruvate carrier --- sideroflexin --- TOM --- TIM chaperones --- TIM22 --- protein translocation --- mitochondrial biogenesis --- amino acid --- biological function --- ion --- inner mitochondrial membrane --- mitochondrial carrier family --- organic acid --- substrate specificity --- transport mechanism --- vitamin --- USMG5/DAPIT --- glucose-stimulated insulin secretion --- glucose-induced expression --- membrane subunits of ATP synthase --- ATP synthase oligomers mitochondrial cristae morphology --- metabolism --- metabolic disorders --- adult-onset type II citrullinemia (CTLN2) --- aspartate/glutamate carrier (AGC) --- animal model --- argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS) --- aversion to carbohydrates --- citrin --- food taste --- neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis caused by citrin deficiency (NICCD) --- protein–protein interaction --- MPC --- lifespan --- pyruvate metabolism --- mitochondrial transport --- peroxisomes --- carrier --- cofactor --- ABC transporter --- aquaporin --- ion channels --- potassium channels --- ATP --- calcium --- ROS --- potassium channel openers --- MCF --- function --- plant metabolism --- plant development --- diseases --- VDAC1 --- virus --- pancreatic islets --- β-cell --- diabetes --- glucotoxicity --- glucolipotoxicity --- lipotoxicity --- mitochondrial carriers --- SLC transporters --- SLC25 --- SLC54 --- SLC55 --- LETM --- SLC56 --- sequence analysis --- protein targeting --- Voltage-Dependent Anion selective Channel --- isoforms --- oxidative post-translational modification --- gene promoter --- yeast --- bioenergetics --- SLC25A1 --- CIC --- CTP --- citrate --- inflammation --- 22.q11.2 --- NAFLD/NASH --- carnitine --- carnitine acyl-carnitine carrier --- carnitine acyl-carnitine translocase --- post-translational modification --- solute carrier family 25 --- SLC25A20 --- MCU --- mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter --- Ca2+ signaling --- mitochondrial metabolism --- skeletal muscle mitochondria --- SLC25A51 --- NAD+ transporters --- NAD --- electrophysiology --- ATP-dependent potassium channel

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In dit boek ontleedt Nele Somers de notie ‘dagelijks bestuur’ van de nv. Of een welbepaalde handeling wel of niet tot het dagelijks bestuur van een onderneming hoort, is een feitenkwestie die in ieder concreet geval, naargelang de aard van de onderneming, het maatschappelijk doel, de financiële middelen en de economische impact van de handeling, anders beantwoord zal worden. In gevallen van betwisting zal het aan de rechter zijn om te beslissen of een bepaalde handeling al dan niet tot het dagelijks bestuur kan worden gerekend. In dit boek onderzoekt de auteur de grenzen van het optreden van de dagelijks bestuurder sensu stricto: welke handelingen kan de dagelijks bestuurder autonoom stellen en welke handelingen impliceren een overschrijding van zijn bevoegdheid? En wat zijn de gevolgen van een bevoegdheidsoverschrijding, zowel voor de vennootschap als voor derden die met de vennootschap handelen? Ook het sociale statuut van de dagelijks bestuurder wordt bekeken: is hij een werknemer of een zelfstandige? Bestaat er, wat het takenpakket en de hiërarchische positie van de betrokken personen betreft, wel of geen verschil tussen de bestuurder en de dagelijks bestuurder van de vennootschap? Wat de vraag doet rijzen naar de contractualisering van de verhouding tussen de dagelijks bestuurder en de vennootschap en de wenselijkheid om bepaalde contractuele clausules uit te werken in een managementovereenkomst. En wat zijn de gevolgen van een keuze voor het ene of het andere statuut voor o.a. het aansprakelijkheidsregime van de dagelijks bestuurder? Verschillen de aansprakelijkheidsgronden naargelang de dagelijks bestuurder als een werknemer of als een zelfstandige optreedt? En als er verschillen zouden zijn, wat is hiervan dan de praktische relevantie? Kunnen m.a.w. de bestaande verschillen genuanceerd worden en zijn er elementen die een verschillend regime rechtvaardigen? Bestaat er verder een wisselwerking tussen enerzijds de aansprakelijkheid van de dagelijks bestuurder en de concrete bevoegdheidsverdeling binnen de vennootschap? Dit praktische en handige boek is ongetwijfeld het referentiewerk ter zake voor iedere vennootschapsjurist

Company law. Associations --- ondernemingen --- vennootschapsrecht --- Belgium --- Administrateurs de sociétés --- Sociétés --- Sociétés anonymes --- Droit --- BPB1802 --- U36 - Droit des sociétés - Vennootschappenrecht --- Société anonyme --- Droit des sociétés --- naamloze vennootschap --- Naamloze vennootschap --- Vennootschapsrecht --- société anonyme --- droit des societes --- E-books --- pravo družb --- dlí na gcuideachtaí --- právo společností --- dritt soċjetarju --- diritto delle società --- právo obchodných spoločností --- Derecho de sociedades --- direito das sociedades comerciais --- uzņēmējsabiedrības likums --- pravo trgovačkih društava --- company law --- associationsrätt --- e drejtë e shoqërive tregtare --- äriühinguõigus --- prawo o spółkach --- yhtiöoikeus --- право на трговско друштво --- selskabsret --- Gesellschaftsrecht --- εταιρικό δίκαιο --- társasági jog --- право на сдружения --- bendrovių teisė --- право трговачких друштава --- dreptul societăților comerciale --- diritto aziendale --- direito das empresas --- право на трговските друштва --- bolagsrätt --- Δίκαιο των εταιριών --- diritto societario --- ondernemingsrecht --- įmonių įstatymas --- droit des entreprises --- bendrovių įstatymas --- uzņēmējsabiedrības tiesības --- Δίκαιο των επιχειρήσεων --- видови трговски друштва --- javno društvo s ograničenom odgovornošću --- publiska ierobežotas atbildības sabiedrība --- shoqëri aksionare --- kumpanija b'responsabilità pubblika limitata --- società per azioni --- spółka akcyjna --- akcinė bendrovė --- Aktiengesellschaft --- јавно трговско друштво со ограничена одговорност --- delniška družba --- akciová společnost --- societate pe acțiuni --- osakeyhtiö --- акционерно дружество --- акционарско друштво --- sociedad anónima --- cuideachta dhliteanais theoranta phoiblí --- akciová spoločnosť --- aktsiaselts --- ανώνυμη εταιρεία --- aktieselskab --- sociedade anónima --- aktiebolag --- public limited company --- részvénytársaság --- SpA quotata in borsa --- NV --- valsts sabiedrība ar ierobežotu atbildību --- SpA --- AS --- SA --- plc --- verejná akciová spoločnosť --- Oy --- ribotos atsakomybės bendrovė --- akc. spol. --- rt. --- anonymt selskab --- sh.a. --- AB --- A/S --- SRL --- ARAB --- a. s. --- società per azioni a partecipazione statale --- public limited liability company --- AG --- kompani shtetërore me përgjegjësi të kufizuar --- Α.Ε. --- ctp --- Directors of corporations --- Corporation law --- Administrateurs de sociétés --- Sociétés --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- cuideachta phoiblí theoranta --- Belgique --- Sociétés anonymes --- Droit des sociétés --- Société anonyme

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La Directive européenne 2006/68/CE, dite «Seconde Directive simplifiée», a constitué l’aboutissement de travaux ayant trait à la simplification des exigences relatives à la constitution et au maintien du capital des sociétés anonymes. Cette directive a été transposée au Luxembourg par la Loi du 10 juin 2009 relative aux fusions transfrontalières de sociétés de capitaux, à la simplification des modalités de constitution des sociétés anonymes et de maintien et de modification de leur capital. Cette loi modifie la Loi du 10 août 1915 concernant les sociétés commerciales, pour permettre la réalisation de certaines opérations sans qu’il faille recourir aux services d’un réviseur d’entreprises agréé dont l’intervention était auparavant obligatoire. Cette simplification s’opère toutefois selon certaines conditions et suscite des responsabilités. L’objet du présent ouvrage consiste à décrire les possibilités ouvertes tout en en soulignant les risques potentiels, tant du point de vue de l’administrateur d’une société anonyme que du réviseur d’entreprises agréé intervenant en ces matières.

Company law. Associations --- Luxembourg --- BPB1108 --- Société anonyme --- Placement de capitaux --- 347.725 <493> --- investicijski posao --- investicijų sandoris --- investeerimistehing --- tranżazzjoni ta’ investiment --- kapitaalbelegging --- инвестициска трансакција --- kapitalplacering --- investičná transakcia --- Kapitalanlage --- pääomasijoitus --- инвестиционна транзакция --- инвестициони посао --- tőkebefektetés --- kapitalska naložba --- kapitalanbringelse --- ieguldījumu darījums --- investment transaction --- τοποθέτηση κεφαλαίων --- investiții de capital --- aplicação de capitais --- colocación de capitales --- investimento di capitali --- lokata kapitału --- investiční operace --- veprim investimi --- aplicação de fundos --- капитално вложување --- ulaganje kapitala --- umístění kapitálu --- капитална трансакција --- kapitalo investicijų sandoris --- investicijska transakcija --- вложување капитал --- javno društvo s ograničenom odgovornošću --- publiska ierobežotas atbildības sabiedrība --- shoqëri aksionare --- kumpanija b'responsabilità pubblika limitata --- società per azioni --- spółka akcyjna --- akcinė bendrovė --- Aktiengesellschaft --- јавно трговско друштво со ограничена одговорност --- delniška družba --- akciová společnost --- societate pe acțiuni --- osakeyhtiö --- акционерно дружество --- акционарско друштво --- sociedad anónima --- cuideachta dhliteanais theoranta phoiblí --- akciová spoločnosť --- aktsiaselts --- ανώνυμη εταιρεία --- naamloze vennootschap --- aktieselskab --- sociedade anónima --- aktiebolag --- public limited company --- részvénytársaság --- SpA quotata in borsa --- NV --- valsts sabiedrība ar ierobežotu atbildību --- SpA --- AS --- SA --- plc --- verejná akciová spoločnosť --- Oy --- ribotos atsakomybės bendrovė --- akc. spol. --- rt. --- anonymt selskab --- sh.a. --- AB --- A/S --- SRL --- ARAB --- a. s. --- società per azioni a partecipazione statale --- public limited liability company --- AG --- kompani shtetërore me përgjegjësi të kufizuar --- Α.Ε. --- ctp --- 347.725 <493> Naamloze vennootschap. NV--België --- Naamloze vennootschap. NV--België --- Stock companies --- Luxembourg (Grand Duchy) --- Corporation law --- Corporations --- Law and legislation --- Directors of corporations --- Sociétés --- Administrateurs de sociétés --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Droit --- EPUB-ALPHA-O EPUB-LIV-FT LIVDROIT STRADA-B --- idirbheart infheistíochta --- cuideachta phoiblí theoranta --- Société anonyme --- placement de capitaux --- Sociétés --- Administrateurs de sociétés --- Statut juridique

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À la suite de l'adoption du Code des sociétés et des associations (CSA), la SRL a remplacé la SPRL, mais également un certain nombre de SCRL.Depuis le 1er janvier 2020, il n'y a plus de SPRL, mais uniquement des SRL. De même, on ne parle plus de « gérants» mais d'« administrateurs » et les associés laissent la place aux actionnaires.Outre ces modifications terminologiques, le cadre légal de la SRL offre beaucoup plus de flexibilité que celui de la SPRL. La SRL devient la forme juridique de référence pour toutes les sociétés à l'exception des grandes sociétés avec un actionnariat important.En conséquence de la disparition du capital, le CSA introduit également de nouvelles obligations pour les administrateurs. Par exemple, avant toute distribution aux actionnaires, ils doivent réaliser deux tests nécessitant des données financières prévisionnelles et établir un rapport justificatif.Rédigé dans un langage accessible, cet ouvrage subdivisé par thèmes répond aux principales questions que se posent les administrateurs de SRL dans le cadre de la gestion de leur entreprise. Il est également destiné aux professionnels du chiffre qui sont souvent les conseillers de première ligne des entrepreneurs.Cet ouvrage constitue un aide-mémoire, un guide pratique, pour l'administrateur de SRL qui, avant de prendre certaines décisions importantes, devra cependant recourir aux services de conseillers externes spécialisés.Même si le CSA n'est en vigueur que depuis le 1er mai 2019, il a déjà fait l'objet de nombreuses modifications et ajouts. L'ouvrage tient compte des textes publiés jusqu'au 31 décembre 2020

Company law. Associations --- financiële analyse --- Belgium --- Belgique --- Sociétés --- Administrateurs de sociétés --- Sociétés à responsabilité limitée --- Droit --- Réforme --- Directors of corporations --- Private companies --- Corporation law --- Administrateurs de sociétés --- Sociétés à responsabilité limitée --- Sociétés --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- société anonyme --- droit des sociétés --- gestion financière --- řízení podniku ve finanční oblasti --- Finanzgebarung --- Finanzgebaren --- finansinis valdymas --- finanční management --- pénzügyi vezetés --- financijski menadžment --- управување финансии --- finansiel forvaltning --- upravljanje financijama --- gestão financeira --- finančno poslovodenje --- drejtim financiar --- χρηματοοικονομική διαχείριση --- gestión financiera --- pénzügyi irányítás --- management financiar --- Finanzmanagement --- finanční řízení --- zarządzanie finansami --- finantsjuhtimine --- gestione finanziaria --- bainistíocht airgeadais --- финансово управление --- finansförvaltning --- immaniġġjar finanzjarju --- varainhoito --- вођење финансијских послова --- finančné riadenie --- financieel beheer --- financial management --- finansų valdymas --- finanšu pārvaldība --- diritto aziendale --- direito das empresas --- право на трговските друштва --- bolagsrätt --- Δίκαιο των εταιριών --- diritto societario --- ondernemingsrecht --- įmonių įstatymas --- droit des entreprises --- bendrovių įstatymas --- uzņēmējsabiedrības tiesības --- Δίκαιο των επιχειρήσεων --- видови трговски друштва --- pravo družb --- dlí na gcuideachtaí --- právo společností --- dritt soċjetarju --- diritto delle società --- právo obchodných spoločností --- Derecho de sociedades --- direito das sociedades comerciais --- uzņēmējsabiedrības likums --- pravo trgovačkih društava --- company law --- associationsrätt --- e drejtë e shoqërive tregtare --- äriühinguõigus --- prawo o spółkach --- yhtiöoikeus --- право на трговско друштво --- selskabsret --- Gesellschaftsrecht --- εταιρικό δίκαιο --- társasági jog --- vennootschapsrecht --- право на сдружения --- bendrovių teisė --- право трговачких друштава --- dreptul societăților comerciale --- SpA quotata in borsa --- NV --- valsts sabiedrība ar ierobežotu atbildību --- SpA --- AS --- SA --- plc --- verejná akciová spoločnosť --- Oy --- ribotos atsakomybės bendrovė --- akc. spol. --- rt. --- anonymt selskab --- sh.a. --- AB --- A/S --- SRL --- ARAB --- a. s. --- società per azioni a partecipazione statale --- public limited liability company --- AG --- kompani shtetërore me përgjegjësi të kufizuar --- Α.Ε. --- ctp --- javno društvo s ograničenom odgovornošću --- publiska ierobežotas atbildības sabiedrība --- shoqëri aksionare --- kumpanija b'responsabilità pubblika limitata --- cuideachta phoiblí theoranta --- società per azioni --- spółka akcyjna --- akcinė bendrovė --- Aktiengesellschaft --- јавно трговско друштво со ограничена одговорност --- delniška družba --- akciová společnost --- societate pe acțiuni --- osakeyhtiö --- акционерно дружество --- акционарско друштво --- sociedad anónima --- akciová spoločnosť --- aktsiaselts --- ανώνυμη εταιρεία --- naamloze vennootschap --- aktieselskab --- sociedade anónima --- aktiebolag --- public limited company --- részvénytársaság --- BPB2108 --- gestion financière --- société anonyme --- droit des sociétés