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Crusades --- 1291-1352. --- Aegean. --- Chivalry. --- Crusade. --- Frankish states. --- Genoa. --- Greeks. --- Holy Land. --- Late medieval Mediterranean. --- Maritime power. --- Merchant Crusaders. --- Middle Ages. --- Mike Carr. --- Papacy. --- Participants. --- Trade. --- Turks. --- University of Edinburgh. --- Venice. --- crusade impetus. --- crusading activities. --- crusading history. --- crusading. --- late medieval. --- maritime power. --- medieval Christianity. --- medieval Mediterranean. --- medieval diplomacy. --- medieval economy. --- medieval history. --- medieval merchants. --- medieval politics. --- medieval trade. --- medieval warfare. --- merchant republics. --- papacy. --- 1291-1352 --- Europe

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Handelte es sich bei den frühen Kreuzzügen nach den Maßstäben ihrer Zeit um besonders gewalttätige Kriege? Welche Rolle spielten religiöse Vorstellungen für die Praxis der Kriegführung und die historische Erinnerung? Bereits die frühesten Darstellungen des Ersten Kreuzzugs beinhalten nicht nur überaus drastische Darstellungen kriegerischer Gewaltexzesse, sondern auch zahlreiche Erzählungen vom wundersamen Wirken Gottes im Kampf, das den Kreuzfahrern zu blutigen, unwahrscheinlichen Triumphen verhilft. Diese Erfolgsgeschichte von der gottgeleiteten Eroberung Jerusalems diente auch dazu, neue Krieger für weitere Kreuzzugsunternehmungen zu gewinnen. Das Buch geht der Frage nach, ob es sich hierbei vor allem um ein Konstrukt der Chronisten handelt oder sich in den betreffenden Quellen auch Vorstellungen der Kreuzfahrer spiegeln, die Einfluss auf die Praxis der Kriegführung und das Ausmaß der Gewalt hatten.

Christentum --- Christianity --- Wunder --- Violence --- Schwertmission --- Crusaders --- Crusades --- Crusading --- Gewalt --- Jerusalem --- Kreuzfahrer --- Kreuzritter --- Kreuzzüge --- Medieval Papacy --- Medieval Warfare --- Middle Ages --- Militärgeschichte --- Miracles --- Mission --- Mittelalter --- Reformpapsttum --- 1096-1199

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Editors: Janet Burton, Bjo̘rn Weiler, Philipp Schofield, Karen Sto̘ber. The thirteenth century brought the British Isles into ever closer contact with one another, and with medieval Europe as a whole. This international dimension forms a dominant theme of this collection: it features essays on England's relations with the papal court; the adoption of European cultural norms in Scotland; Welsh society and crusading; English landholding in Ireland; and dealings between the kings of England and Navarre. Other papers, on ritual crucifixion, concepts of office and ethcis, and the English royal itinerary, show that the thirteenth century was also a period of profound political and cultural change, witnessing the transformation of legal and economic structures (represented here by case studies of noblewomen and their burial customs; and a prolonged inheritance dispute in Laxton). This volume testifies to the continuing vitality and (with contributors from three continents and six countries) international nature of scholarship on medieval Britain; and moves beyond the Channel to make an important contribution to the history of medieval Europes. Contributors: ROBERT STACEY, FRÉDÉRIQUE LACHAUD, STEPHEN CHURCH, CHRISTIAN HILLEN, JESSICA NELSON, MATTHEW HAMMOND, KATHRYN HURLOCK, NICHOLAS VINCENT, ADAM DAVIES, HUI LIU, EMMA CAVELL, DAVID CROOK, BETH HARTLAND.

Great Britain --- England --- History. --- History --- HISTORY / Medieval. --- British Isles. --- Crusading. --- England's relations. --- English landholding. --- European cultural norms. --- Inheritance dispute. --- International dimension. --- Kings of England. --- Legal and economic structures. --- Noblewomen. --- Papal court. --- Thirteenth century. --- Welsh society.

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For much of the twelfth century the ideals and activities of crusaders were often described in language more normally associated with a monastic rather than a military vocation; like those who took religious vows, crusaders were repeatedly depicted as being driven by a desire to imitate Christ and to live according to the values of the primitive Church. This book argues that the significance of these descriptions has yet to be fully appreciated, and suggests that the origins and early development of crusading should be studied within the context of the `reformation' of professed religious life in the twelfth century, whose leading figures [such as St Bernard of Clairvaux] advocated the pursuit of devotional undertakings that were modelled on the lives of Christ and his apostles. It also considers topics such as the importance of pilgrimage to early crusading ideology and the relationship between the spirituality of crusading and the activities of the Military Orders, offering a revisionist assessment of how crusading ideas adapted and evolved when introduced to the Iberian peninsula in c.1120. In so doing, the book situates crusading within a broader context of changes in the religious culture of the medieval West. Dr WILLIAM PURKIS is Lecturer in Medieval History at the University of Birmingham.

Crusades --- Croisades --- 940.181 --- Kruistochten --- 940.181 Kruistochten --- Barons' Crusade, 1096-1099 --- First Crusade, 1096-1099 --- Princes' Crusade, 1096-1099 --- Second Crusade, 1147-1149 --- Crusading. --- Holy Land. --- Iberia. --- Imitation of Christ. --- Medieval Europe. --- Medieval history. --- Medieval spirituality. --- Military Orders. --- Religious culture.

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The reputation of the Normans is rooted in warfare, faith and mobility. They were simultaneously famed as warriors, noted for their religious devotion, and celebrated as fearless travellers. In the Middle Ages few activities offered a better conduit to combine warfare, religiosity, and movement than crusading and pilgrimage. However, while scholarship is abundant on many facets of the Norman world, it is a surprise that the Norman relationship with crusading and pilgrimage, so central in many ways to Norman identity, has hitherto not received extensive treatment.
The collection here seeks to fill this gap. It aims to identify what was unique or different about the Normans and their relationship with crusading and pilgrimage, as well as how and why crusade and pilgrimage were important to the Normans. Particular focus is given to Norman participation in the First Crusade, to Norman interaction in later crusading initiatives, to the significance of pilgrimage in diverse parts of the Norman world, and finally to the ways in which crusading and pilgrimage were recorded in Norman narrative. Ultimately, this volume aims to assess, in some cases to confirm, and in others to revise the established paradigm of the Normans as crusaders par excellence and as opportunists who used religion to serve other agendas.

Dr Kathryn Hurlock is Senior Lecturer in Medieval History at Manchester Metropolitan University; Dr Paul Oldfield is Lecturer in Medieval History at the University of Manchester.

Contributors: Andrew Abram, William M. Aird, Emily Albu, Joanna Drell, Leonie Hicks, Natasha Hodgson, Kathryn Hurlock, Alan V. Murray, Paul Oldfield, David S. Spear, Lucas Villegas-Aristizábal.

Normans --- Crusades. --- Pilgrims and pilgrimages --- Normands (Français) --- Croisades --- Pèlerins et pèlerinages --- History --- Histoire --- Europe --- To 1500 --- Church history --- Middle Ages --- Chivalry --- Pilgrimages and pilgrims --- Processions, Religious --- Travelers --- Voyages and travels --- Shrines --- Spiritual tourism --- Northmen --- Crusaders. --- Crusading. --- Faith. --- First Crusade. --- Identity. --- Medieval identity. --- Middle Ages. --- Mobility. --- Norman World. --- Normans. --- Pilgrimage in Norman world. --- Pilgrimage. --- Warfare.