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In this book we have collected a series of state-of-the art papers written by specialists in the field of ionic liquid crystals (ILCs) to address key questions concerning the synthesis, properties, and applications of ILCs. New compounds exhibiting ionic liquid crystalline phases are presented, both of calamitic as well as discotic type. Their dynamic and structural properties have been investigated with a series of experimental techniques including differential scanning calorimetry, polarized optical spectroscopy, X-ray scattering, and nuclear magnetic resonance, impedance spectroscopy to mention but a few. Moreover, computer simulations using both fully atomistic and highly coarse-grained force fields have been presented, offering an invaluable microscopic view of the structure and dynamics of these fascinating materials.

photoconductivity --- n/a --- thermotropic --- X-ray diffraction --- mesophases --- crystal polymorphs --- columnar --- viologens --- alignment layer --- crown ether --- imidazolium --- electron transport --- metathesis reaction --- polarizing optical microscopy --- liquid crystals --- Ag nano-particles doping --- discotic --- molecular orientational order --- thermogravimetric analysis --- ion transport --- molecular dynamics --- nuclear magnetic resonance --- smectic phase A --- ion channels --- ionic liquid --- ionic liquid crystal --- phase behavior --- impedance spectroscopy --- residual DC --- differential scanning calorimetry --- 4-n-alkylbenzenesulfonic acids --- ionic liquid crystals --- ionic liquids --- thiazolium --- liquid crystal --- salt effect

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The book reprints a set of important scientific papers applying physics and mathematics to address the problem of selective ionic conduction in narrow water-filled channels and pores. It is a long-standing problem, and an extremely important one. Life in all its forms depends on ion channels and, furthermore, the technological applications of artificial ion channels are already widespread and growing rapidly. They include desalination, DNA sequencing, energy harvesting, molecular sensors, fuel cells, batteries, personalised medicine, and drug design. Further applications are to be anticipated.The book will be helpful to researchers and technologists already working in the area, or planning to enter it. It gives detailed descriptions of a diversity of modern approaches, and shows how they can be particularly effective and mutually reinforcing when used together. It not only provides a snapshot of current cutting-edge scientific activity in the area, but also offers indications of how the subject is likely to evolve in the future.

reversal potential --- effects of diffusion coefficients --- permanent charge --- bioelectricity --- electrochemistry --- thermodynamics --- electrokinetics --- molecular mean-field theory --- Boltzmann and Fermi distributions --- Poisson–Boltzmann --- Poisson–Fermi --- Poisson–Bikerman --- Nernst–Planck --- steric and correlation effects --- ion channels --- ion activity --- double-layer capacitance --- nanofluidics --- steric effect --- Poisson-Boltzmann model --- Bikerman model --- entropy --- specific ion size --- electric double layer --- orientational ordering of water dipoles --- Helmholtz free energy --- modified Langevin Poisson-Boltzmann model --- nanopores --- reduced models --- Monte Carlo --- classical density functional theory --- Poisson-Nernst-Planck --- ion transport --- nanopore --- graphene --- crown ether --- ion channel --- selectivity --- permeability --- patch-clamp --- computer simulations --- ionic Coulomb blockade --- 2D materials --- nanotubes --- angstrom slits --- protein dynamics --- molecular dynamics --- non-Hermitian Hamiltonians --- algebraic topology --- semiclassical methods --- statistical mechanics --- polarization --- maxwell equations --- gating current --- dielectric constant --- statistical theory --- linear response --- ionic transport --- NaChBac --- computational electrophysiology --- electrodiffusion model --- stochastic simulations --- current–voltage dependence --- committor probabilities --- n/a --- Poisson-Boltzmann --- Poisson-Fermi --- Poisson-Bikerman --- Nernst-Planck --- current-voltage dependence

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The amide bond represents a privileged motif in chemistry. The recent years have witnessed an explosion of interest in the development of new chemical transformations of amides. These developments cover an impressive range of catalytic N–C bond activation in electrophilic, Lewis acid, radical, and nucleophilic reaction pathways, among other transformations. Equally relevant are structural and theoretical studies that provide the basis for chemoselective manipulation of amidic resonance. This monograph on amide bonds offers a broad survey of recent advances in activation of amides and addresses various approaches in the field.

N-heterocyclic carbene --- non planar amide --- ruthenium (Ru) --- physical organic chemistry --- gemcitabine prodrug --- pyramidal amides --- bridged sultams --- catalysis --- dipeptides --- N-(1-naphthyl)acetamide --- C-N ? bond cleavage --- steric effects --- peptide bond cleavage --- transition-metal-free --- palladium --- N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) --- addition reaction --- C–O activation --- rhodium --- metal complexes --- carbanions --- thioamidation --- amide bond --- intramolecular catalysis --- antiviral activity --- additivity principle --- pre-catalysts --- C–N bond cleavage --- bridged lactams --- C–H acidity --- arynes --- twisted amides --- organic synthesis --- amination --- Suzuki-Miyaura --- tert-butyl --- cyclopentadienyl complexes --- C-S formation --- enzymes --- DFT study --- sulfonamide bond --- N --- HERON reaction --- primaquine --- entropy --- amide activation --- amidation --- synthesis --- amide hydrolysis --- carbonylicity --- amide bond activation --- amide bond resonance --- aminosulfonylation --- molecular dynamics --- model compound --- in situ --- amide --- homogeneous catalysis --- heterocycles --- anomeric effect --- multi-component coupling reaction --- kinetic --- excited state --- C–H bond cleavage --- palladium catalysis --- amides --- thiourea --- formylation --- alkynes --- cis/trans isomerization --- amide C–N bond activation --- intein --- C-H functionalization --- succindiamide --- amide bonds --- crown ether --- aminoacylation --- directing groups --- cytostatic activity --- reaction thermodynamics --- acyl transfer --- transition metals --- N-dimethylformamide --- DMAc --- acylative cross-coupling --- C-H/C-N activation --- nickel catalysis --- antibacterial screening --- sodium --- aryl thioamides --- Winkler-Dunitz parameters --- catalyst --- N-dimethylacetamide --- base-catalyed hydrolysis --- nitrogen heterocycles --- cross-coupling --- insertion --- amidicity --- nitro-aci tautomerism --- activation --- carbonylation --- transamidation --- amine --- distortion --- Pd-catalysis --- rotational barrier energy --- hypersensitivity --- N–C activation --- metabolic stability --- [2+2+2] annulation --- twisted amide --- protease --- cyanation --- amide resonance --- trialkylborane --- catalysts --- biofilm eradication --- pharmacokinetics --- pancreatic cancer cells --- DMF --- aryl esters --- Michael acceptor --- fumardiamide --- water solvation --- ester bond activation --- cyclization --- nuclear magnetic resonance --- secondary amides --- reaction mechanism --- density functional theory --- density-functional theory --- amino acid transporters