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Plasmonics and metamaterials are growing fields that consistently produce new technologies for controlling electromagnetic waves. Many important advances in both fundamental knowledge and practical applications have been achieved in conjunction with a wide range of materials, structures and wavelengths, from the ultraviolet to the microwave regions of the spectrum. In addition to this remarkable progress across many different fields, much of this research shares many of the same underlying principles, and therefore, significant synergy is expected. This Special Issue introduces the recent advances in plasmonics and metamaterials and discusses various applications, while addressing a wide range of topics, in order to explore the new horizons emerging for such research.

Research & information: general --- plasmonics --- metamaterials --- metal-insulator-metal --- absorbers --- plasmon-induced transparency --- metal-dielectric-metal --- gain material --- tunable fano resonances --- surface plasmon polaritons --- coupled cavities --- finite element method --- spectroscopes --- metamaterial --- structural color filters --- photodiodes --- vortex beam --- polarization conversion --- orbital angular momentum --- tensegrity lattice --- extreme material --- metagratings --- polarization controller --- multifunction --- wide-angle --- dual mode --- cross-polarization converter --- transmitarray --- high polarization conversion ratio --- uncooled --- IR sensors --- wavelength-selective --- metasurfaces --- polarization control --- infrared sensors

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Optical technologies provide unique opportunities for the diagnosis of various pathological disorders. The range of biophotonics applications in clinical practice is considerably wide given that the optical properties of biological tissues are subject to significant changes during disease progression. Due to the small size of studied objects (from μm to mm) and despite some minimum restrictions (low-intensity light is used), these technologies have great diagnostic potential both as an additional tool and in cases of separate use, for example, to assess conditions affecting microcirculatory bed and tissue viability. This Special Issue presents topical articles by researchers engaged in the development of new methods and devices for optical non-invasive diagnostics in various fields of medicine. Several studies in this Special Issue demonstrate new information relevant to surgical procedures, especially in oncology and gynecology. Two articles are dedicated to the topical problem of breast cancer early detection, including during surgery. One of the articles is devoted to urology, namely to the problem of chronic or recurrent episodic urethral pain. Several works describe the studies in otolaryngology and dentistry. One of the studies is devoted to diagnosing liver diseases. A number of articles contribute to the studying of the alterations caused by diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. The results of all the presented articles reflect novel innovative research and emerging ideas in optical non-invasive diagnostics aimed at their wider translation into clinical practice.

Public health & preventive medicine --- chemoresistance --- cisplatin --- gray-level co-occurrence matrix --- ovarian adenocarcinoma --- optical densitometry --- liver diagnosis --- indocyanine green --- liver functional reserve --- optical density --- plasma disappearance rate --- cross-polarization optical coherence tomography (CP OCT) --- ultrasound --- urethral pain syndrome --- epithelial atrophy --- epithelial hyperplasia --- inflammation --- fibrosis --- image evaluation --- liver cancer --- endogenous fluorescence --- laser Doppler flowmetry --- blood perfusion --- minimally invasive interventions --- machine learning --- raman spectroscopy --- optical diagnostic --- periodontitis --- tooth tissues --- biophotonics --- calculus --- zebrafish --- embryonic development --- cardiovascular system --- in vivo imaging --- optical mapping --- non-invasive measurements --- shortwave-infrared light --- near-infrared light --- visible light --- fluorescence --- breast cancer --- duct --- visible human project --- Monte Carlo simulation --- voxelized media --- cross-polarization optical coherence tomography (CP-OCT) --- compressional optical coherence elastography (C-OCE) --- image assessment --- optical properties --- scattering theories --- circulatory system --- blood rheology --- red blood cell aggregation --- laser tweezers --- laser aggregometry --- digital capillaroscopy --- coronary heart disease --- diabetes mellitus --- optical diagnostics --- digital diaphanoscopy --- magnetic resonance imaging --- paranasal sinuses --- inflammatory diseases --- non-invasive optical diagnostics --- cumulative sum --- power spectrum --- heating test --- diabetes mellitus type 2 --- wearable blood flow sensors --- ortostatic test --- postural changes --- body position --- blood perfusion in forehead --- blood perfusion in wrists --- blood perfusion in shins --- blood perfusion oscillations --- vasomotions --- optics --- spectroscopy --- imaging --- diagnostics --- chemoresistance --- cisplatin --- gray-level co-occurrence matrix --- ovarian adenocarcinoma --- optical densitometry --- liver diagnosis --- indocyanine green --- liver functional reserve --- optical density --- plasma disappearance rate --- cross-polarization optical coherence tomography (CP OCT) --- ultrasound --- urethral pain syndrome --- epithelial atrophy --- epithelial hyperplasia --- inflammation --- fibrosis --- image evaluation --- liver cancer --- endogenous fluorescence --- laser Doppler flowmetry --- blood perfusion --- minimally invasive interventions --- machine learning --- raman spectroscopy --- optical diagnostic --- periodontitis --- tooth tissues --- biophotonics --- calculus --- zebrafish --- embryonic development --- cardiovascular system --- in vivo imaging --- optical mapping --- non-invasive measurements --- shortwave-infrared light --- near-infrared light --- visible light --- fluorescence --- breast cancer --- duct --- visible human project --- Monte Carlo simulation --- voxelized media --- cross-polarization optical coherence tomography (CP-OCT) --- compressional optical coherence elastography (C-OCE) --- image assessment --- optical properties --- scattering theories --- circulatory system --- blood rheology --- red blood cell aggregation --- laser tweezers --- laser aggregometry --- digital capillaroscopy --- coronary heart disease --- diabetes mellitus --- optical diagnostics --- digital diaphanoscopy --- magnetic resonance imaging --- paranasal sinuses --- inflammatory diseases --- non-invasive optical diagnostics --- cumulative sum --- power spectrum --- heating test --- diabetes mellitus type 2 --- wearable blood flow sensors --- ortostatic test --- postural changes --- body position --- blood perfusion in forehead --- blood perfusion in wrists --- blood perfusion in shins --- blood perfusion oscillations --- vasomotions --- optics --- spectroscopy --- imaging --- diagnostics

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Changes in sea surface roughness are usually associated with a change in the sea surface wind field. This interaction has been exploited to measure sea surface wind speed by scatterometry. A number of features on the sea surface associated with changes in roughness can be observed by synthetic aperture radar (SAR) because of the change in Bragg backscatter of the radar signal by damping of the resonant ocean capillary waves. With various radar frequencies, resolutions, and modes of polarization, sea surface features have been analyzed in numerous campaigns, bringing various datasets together, thus allowing for new insights into small-scale processes at a larger areal coverage. This Special Issue aims at investigating sea surface features detected by high spatial resolution radar systems, such as SAR.

dispersion curve filtering --- n/a --- Synthetic Aperture Radar --- RADARSAT Constellation Mission (RCM) --- marine X-band radar --- compact polarization (CP) --- cross-polarization --- proper orthogonal decomposition --- rain --- right circular horizontal polarization model --- support vector machines --- Sentinel-1 --- wind speed --- wave height --- hurricane --- ocean surface waves --- SMAP --- Copernicus --- synthetic aperture radar --- co-polarized phase difference --- synthetic aperture radar (SAR) --- oceans --- fetch- and duration-limited wave growth relationships --- Wake detection --- air-sea interaction --- phase-resolved wave fields --- wind --- SAR --- CoVe-Pol and CoHo-Pol models --- Baltic Sea --- wind retrieval --- ocean surface wind speed retrieval --- CMEMS --- detectability model --- right circular vertical polarization model --- hurricane internal dynamical process --- ocean winds --- polarimetry --- sea surface roughness --- eyewall replacement cycles --- GF-3 --- dual-polarization --- quad-polarized SAR --- typhoon/hurricane-generated wind waves --- coast and ocean observation --- radar --- geophysical model function (GMF) --- Doppler radar