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This paper presents empirical analysis of corporate savings in Egypt using two datasets: a survey of small and medium enterprises and data from accounting statements for the largest publicly traded firms. There are two main findings. First, larger firms invest more (they have more physical saving) and have greater access to finance than smaller firms. Second, despite the financial deepening, the use of credit products has been declining during the past decade. The study reaffirms the importance of improving access to financial services in Egypt and points out the need for more research. In addition, policies aimed at reducing macroeconomic volatility are likely to result in increased investment and growth in Egypt.

Access to Finance --- Corporate Savings --- Cross-Country Comparison --- Debt Markets --- Economic Theory & Research --- Emerging Markets --- Finance and Private Sector Development --- Gross Operating Income --- Investment and Investment Climate --- Pecking Order Theory --- Private Sector Development

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What is the potential for job growth in Africa under participation in global value chains (GVCs)? In this study the concept of GVC jobs is introduced which tracks the number of jobs associated with GVC production of goods. A novel decomposition approach is used to account for GVC jobs by three proximate sources: global demand for final goods, a country's GVC competitiveness (measured as the country's share in serving global demand) and technology (workers needed per unit of output). Based on newly assembled data, it is shown how GVC jobs and incomes have changed over the period 2000-14 in Ethiopia, Kenya, Senegal and South Africa, compared to developments in some other low- and middle-income countries in the world. The four African countries stand out in terms of a low share of GVC jobs in the (formal) manufacturing sector, and a relatively high share in agriculture due to strong backward linkages, especially in the case of food production. All countries benefitted highly from growing global demand for final goods. At the same time it appears that technical change in GVCs is biased against the use of labour, greatly diminishing the potential for job growth through GVC participation.

Agricultural Productivity --- Competitiveness --- Cross-Country Comparison --- Employment and Unemployment --- Export Competitiveness --- Global Value Chain --- Global Value Chains and Business Clustering --- International Economics and Trade --- Job Creation --- Labor Demand --- Labor Market --- Labor Markets --- Manufacturing --- Private Sector Development --- Social Protections and Labor

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This Special Issue includes 14 empirical, theoretical, methodological research articles and reviews in various fields considering EEC. It provided a platform for researchers to share their research work on the field of education for environmental citizenship, including aspects of civic engagement and civic participation, democratic action, social and environmental change, individual and collective actions, environmental actions, socio-political actions, environmental justice, inter- and intra-generational justice, and connectedness to nature.

Humanities --- Education --- invasive alien species --- socio-scientific issues --- pre-service teachers --- impacts perception --- vector knowledge --- control attitudes --- teachers’ perceptions --- environmental citizenship --- teacher education --- Environmental Education --- Education for Environmental Citizenship (EEC) --- Doñana --- emotional intelligence --- territorial intelligence --- identity --- Schwartz theory of universal values --- motivational values --- pro-environmental behavior --- change agents for sustainability --- transformative learning --- adaptive curriculum --- environmental citizenship education --- education for environmental citizenship --- primary school --- design-based research --- pedagogical model --- nature-based citizen science --- environmental citizen science --- participation --- inclusion --- exclusion --- facilitators --- constraints --- models and practices --- systematic literature review --- lower secondary level --- science education --- science teachers --- pedagogical approaches in environmental education --- sustainable development --- promoting sustainability in higher education --- connectedness to nature --- nature experience --- environmental awareness --- environmental citizen --- environmental education --- international collaboration --- education --- knowledge --- power relations --- cross-country comparison --- Education for Environmental Citizenship --- educational impact --- Sustainability Consciousness Questionnaire --- educational intervention --- socio-scientific inquiry-based learning (SSIBL) --- critical realism --- transdisciplinarity --- EC actions --- EC competences --- EEC outcomes --- environmental citizen science (CS) initiatives --- EEC pedagogical approach --- Environmental Citizenship Questionnaire (ECQ) --- learning intervention --- gender --- past/present EC actions