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The halal economy (HE) plays an important role in Malaysia's economic growth, contributing 7.5 percent to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as of 2020. Under the Twelfth Malaysia Plan, 2021-2025 (12MP), one of the key strategies to boost Malaysia's economic growth is enhancing the competitiveness of the halal industry to capture a more significant share of the global halal market. The term halal refers to anything that is permissible or lawful under Islamic Law that dictates the way of life of a Muslim (a follower of the Islamic faith). Hence, the scope of the HE is broad and can be defined as an industry that is involved in the provision of halal products and services, including food, clothing and fashion, cosmetics and personal care, travel, and financial services. Consequently, Islamic finance is both parts of the broader HE (Hassan et al., 2021) and can facilitate the development of the HE. This report requested by Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM) explores the role of Islamic finance in supporting the development of Malaysia's HE with the objective of informing policy discourse on enhancing existing strategies to increase access to Islamic finance solutions to underserved HE enterprises. The report comprises the following chapters, (1) the current state of the HE; (2) the financing ecosystem of Malaysia's HE, (3) enhancing role of Islamic finance for the HE in Malaysia; and concludes in Chapter 4 with a set of recommendations for stakeholders in Malaysia. While the recommendations focus on Malaysia, they may also be relevant for other developing economies where the HE and Islamic finance are prominen.

Cross-border shopping.

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international relations --- regional integration --- cross border studies --- transborder studies --- international studies --- cross-border relations

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European studies --- Danubian legislation --- history --- cross-border relations --- Europeity --- Europeism --- european studies --- danubian legislation --- europeity --- europeism

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Border security. --- Border control --- Border management --- Boundaries --- Cross-border security --- National security --- Security measures

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In the aftermath of an epidemic that has undermined established border-crossing practices in Europe and around the world, this volume proposes to rethink the uses and representations of the border based on the following question: who makes a cross-border space, who shapes it, who makes it workable? Citizens, governments, local elected officials? Au lendemain d’une épidémie qui a mis à mal les pratiques établies de franchissement des frontières en Europe et dans le monde, ce volume propose de repenser les usages et les représentations du transfrontalier à la lumière de la problématique suivante : qui fabrique le transfrontalier, qui le modèle, qui le rend viable ? Les citoyens, les gouvernements, les élus locaux ? Il n’existe pas, d’ailleurs, d’espace transfrontalier archétypal : il y a autant de pratiques du transfrontalier que de situations transfrontalières. Et il ne suffit pas de dire que le transfrontalier du Rhin Supérieur n’est pas le transfrontalier de la Grande Région Saar-Lor-Lux, ou que les usages du transfrontalier propres à la francophonie canadienne ne ressemblent guère aux pratiques du transfrontalier mises en place par ­l’État chinois : il faut aussi prendre en compte le fait que tout espace transfrontalier est travaillé et transformé en permanence par d’innombrables tensions politiques, économiques, commerciales, logistiques et culturelles. C’est pourquoi, pour penser théoriquement le transfrontalier, nous avons décidé de nous appuyer sur une série d’études de cas menées par des chercheurs venus d’horizons disciplinaires divers, de la littérature à la sociologie en passant par les sciences de l’information et de la communication, les sciences de l’éducation, ou encore l’archéologie.

Political geography --- EU & European institutions --- Migration, immigration & emigration --- Europe --- Borders --- Cross-border workers --- European Union