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What is the Impact of Weather Shocks on Prices? : Evidence from Ethiopia
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Year: 2020 Publisher: Washington, D.C. : The World Bank,

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Abstract

The impact of drought on household welfare is the cumulative effect of crop losses and price changes in a local economy that are triggered by these initial losses. This paper combines data on monthly grain prices and wages in 82 retail markets over 17 years with data on district-level weather shocks to quantify the impact of drought on local prices and how this impact varies by month after harvest. The results show that price increases occur immediately after the completion of harvest and then dissipate so that inflationary effects are quite low during the lean season, contrary to commonly held views. The impact of shocks on prices is quite low now in Ethiopia - 4 percent at its peak post-2005 compared with 12 percent before 2005. In areas of the country where infrastructure investments have been high, there is now almost no inflationary impact of drought on prices. It is not clear whether it is infrastructure investments or something else that has driven that, but it shows that it is possible for rainfall shocks to have no inflationary impacts in low income economies. Inflationary impacts were also reduced more in districts where the Productive Safety Net Program was introduced. Comparing inflationary effects in districts with food versus cash transfers suggests that cash transfers do not have inflationary effects on grain prices during times of drought.


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How to Manage Migratory Pests and Potential Food Crises : Locusts Plagues in the 2020’s
Authors: ---
ISBN: 3036557512 3036557520 Year: 2022 Publisher: Basel MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Locusts are a threat to agriculture and livelihoods in many countries globally. The economic, social, and environmental consequences of these highly migratory pests are so substantial that they are treated as a national priority by many countries; several international commissions have been established to unite efforts. This Special Issue aims to shed light on some overarching questions: what have we learned from historical outbreaks; how serious is the threat; what research is ongoing and is needed to better manage these insects; how should the world respond to plagues today, especially in the context of climate change; are recommended preventive strategies really effective and what are the constraints to their application; and is there a possibility to make better use of biological alternatives to chemical pesticides?

Keywords

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Technology, engineering, agriculture --- locust swarm --- bio-pesticide --- gregarious locusts --- aggregation behaviour --- linseed oil --- necromones --- aggregation --- density-dependent phase polyphenism --- migration --- night-roosting site choice --- Schistocerca gregaria --- Desert Locust Schistocerca gregaria (Forskål 1775) --- Oriental Migratory Locust Locusta migratoria manilensis (Meyen 1835) --- spectral analysis --- Kalman filter --- spectral coherence --- convergence cross mapping --- sunspot groups --- ENSO --- SOI --- IOD --- NAO --- locust swarms --- Near East --- Mesopotamia --- swarming potential of resident species --- Schistocerca greraria --- Dociostaurus maroccanus --- control --- impediments --- insecurity --- plague --- surveillance --- war --- proaction --- threshold --- upsurge --- locust plagues --- preventative and reactive programs --- moral agents --- capacity-and-capability model --- social connections model --- responsibility --- global justice --- entomophagy --- malnutrition --- desert locust --- outbreak --- food --- insect --- locust --- grasshopper --- biological control --- Nosema locustae --- application --- epizootics --- West Siberian Plain --- distribution --- dynamics --- population --- population management --- plant protection --- environmental governance --- social variables --- locusts --- social sciences --- ecology --- field monitoring --- outbreaks management --- drone --- unmanned aerial vehicle --- early warning --- preventive control --- biopesticide --- Desert locust --- ecosystem processes --- nutrient cycling --- nutritional value --- brown locust --- Locustana pardalina --- Karoo --- outbreak patterns --- control strategy --- integrated pest management --- Tibet --- high altitude plateau --- invasion route --- survival --- natural barrier --- desert locusts --- crop loss --- pastureland --- land cover --- population dynamics --- management --- insecticide disturbance --- barrier treatment --- spray history --- non-target effects --- Coarctotermes clepsydra --- recovery --- resilience --- preventive strategy --- locust biology --- locust ecology --- Metarhizium acridum --- Metarhizium anisopliae --- Beauveria bassiana --- lethal effect --- sublethal effect --- greenhouse --- field efficacy --- n/a --- Desert Locust Schistocerca gregaria (Forskål 1775)

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