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In this Special Issue, we present a collection of articles that cover the unique opportunities and challenges of parenting in the 21st century. We have identified three themes across the articles: managing stress; support for effective parenting; and emphasis on fostering competence for an uncertain future. First, although the studies did not use data to test for differences between cohorts of parents, the results suggested that stress is a normal state for parents today, and especially for certain groups of parents. Second, despite high stress among parents, the articles point at some important support systems for parents in the 21st century. For example, although technology can be a stressor, it can also be a useful tool to enhance the parent-child relationship for parents of adolescents or young adults. Finally, in the third theme, we saw an emphasis on promoting a mix of competencies emphasizing both autonomy and relatedness in children and speculate that parents see these competences as tools to help the child to deal with an uncertain future.Results from this Special Issue illustrate the impact of societal changes on parenting. The findings can be used to develop programs and policies to provide support to diverse parents in handling today’s stressors, ranging from technology to racism to excessive pressures for parental “success”. They also point to important research gaps in understanding the task of parenting in the 21st century.

Humanities --- Social interaction --- adolescents --- Positive Youth Development --- parental support --- psychological control --- bidirectional effects --- authoritarian --- collectivism --- culture --- historical perspective --- individualism --- international --- parenting attitudes --- social change --- autonomy --- children’s agency --- noncompliance --- resistance --- parent–child relationships --- parenting practices --- socialization --- social relational theory --- teenage attitude --- text messaging --- parent-child relationship --- communication --- mobile phones --- interactions --- parenting --- emerging adulthood --- Hispanic --- Latino/a/x --- middle childhood --- mothers/mother–child relations --- historical trends --- infant care --- parenting advice --- child care books --- mindful parenting --- technoference --- mindfulness --- technology --- smartphone --- mother attachment --- father attachment --- involvement --- attachment behavior --- attachment security --- AQS --- early childhood --- COVID-19 --- 21st century --- adolescence --- internalising --- racial-ethnic socialization --- critical consciousness --- competency --- latent profile analysis --- parental control --- Latino families --- culturally responsive approaches --- parent–child interactions --- autism spectrum disorder --- late childhood --- mental health --- poverty --- adversity --- resiliency --- family support --- intensification of parenting --- family diversity --- lone mothers --- non-resident fathers --- socioeconomic background --- burnout --- authoritative --- permissiveness --- needs --- protection --- n/a --- children's agency --- parent-child relationships --- mothers/mother-child relations --- parent-child interactions

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Educating Informal Educators’’ draws on the range of expertise in Higher Education courses across the UK and seeks to emphasise the value of informal education and its values and practices, not only for students of education or informal education but also for society as a whole. This Special Issue seeks to capture the particular pedagogies of youth and community work courses that sustain distinctive informal education practice.

Humanities --- Education --- historical reenactment --- conflict --- heritage teaching --- informal education --- war spaces --- warfare --- youth work --- creativity --- pedagogy --- youth --- arts --- popular music --- film-making --- critical consciousness --- critical reflection --- inequality --- racism --- oppression --- Youth and Community Work --- social justice --- transformative education --- higher education --- critical pedagogy --- Critical Race Theory --- curriculum --- assessment --- professional education --- group work --- social pedagogy --- YMCA --- youth and community work --- anti-oppressive practice --- collective biography --- agential cuts --- memory --- diffraction --- community development --- values --- cultural diversity --- informal educators --- community and youth work --- constructive alignment --- equality --- pedagogy of discomfort --- gender --- heteronormativity --- training --- homophobia --- gender-related violence --- social movements --- critical praxis --- interprofessional education --- collaboration --- empowerment --- relationships --- professional distance --- agency --- pedagogical synergies --- teaching methods/approaches --- educational practice --- practice contexts --- COVID-19 --- teaching --- research informed practice --- n/a

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"Citizenship, along with legality and rights, holds varied meanings for Latinx youth coming of age in the United States. Through an ethnography, Growing Up Latinx documents how Latinx reproduce and challenge meanings of citizenship as they forge opportunities to develop and enact their sociopolitical agency within school, family and communities"--

Hispanic American youth --- Children of immigrants --- Group identity --- Citizenship --- Youth, Hispanic American --- Youth --- First generation children --- Immigrants' children --- Second generation children --- Immigrants --- Social conditions. --- Ethnic identity. --- United States. --- ABŞ --- ABSh --- Ameerika Ühendriigid --- America (Republic) --- Amerika Birlăshmish Shtatlary --- Amerika Birlăşmi Ştatları --- Amerika Birlăşmiş Ştatları --- Amerika ka Kelenyalen Jamanaw --- Amerika Qūrama Shtattary --- Amerika Qŭshma Shtatlari --- Amerika Qushma Shtattary --- Amerika (Republic) --- Amerikai Egyesült Államok --- Amerikanʹ Veĭtʹsėndi͡avks Shtattnė --- Amerikări Pĕrleshu̇llĕ Shtatsem --- Amerikas Forenede Stater --- Amerikayi Miatsʻyal Nahangner --- Ameriketako Estatu Batuak --- Amirika Carékat --- AQSh --- Ar. ha-B. --- Arhab --- Artsot ha-Berit --- Artzois Ha'bris --- Bí-kok --- Ē.P.A. --- É.-U. --- EE.UU. --- Egyesült Államok --- ĒPA --- Estados Unidos --- Estados Unidos da América do Norte --- Estados Unidos de América --- Estaos Xuníos --- Estaos Xuníos d'América --- Estatos Unitos --- Estatos Unitos d'America --- Estats Units d'Amèrica --- Ètats-Unis d'Amèrica --- États-Unis d'Amérique --- ÉU --- Fareyniḳṭe Shṭaṭn --- Feriene Steaten --- Feriene Steaten fan Amearika --- Forente stater --- FS --- Hēnomenai Politeiai Amerikēs --- Hēnōmenes Politeies tēs Amerikēs --- Hiwsisayin Amerikayi Miatsʻeal Tērutʻiwnkʻ --- Istadus Unidus --- Jungtinės Amerikos valstybės --- Mei guo --- Mei-kuo --- Meiguo --- Mî-koet --- Miatsʻyal Nahangner --- Miguk --- Na Stàitean Aonaichte --- NSA --- S.U.A. --- SAD --- Saharat ʻAmērikā --- SASht --- Severo-Amerikanskie Shtaty --- Severo-Amerikanskie Soedinennye Shtaty --- Si͡evero-Amerikanskīe Soedinennye Shtaty --- Sjedinjene Američke Države --- Soedinennye Shtaty Ameriki --- Soedinennye Shtaty Severnoĭ Ameriki --- Soedinennye Shtaty Si͡evernoĭ Ameriki --- Spojené obce severoamerické --- Spojené staty americké --- SShA --- Stadoù-Unanet Amerika --- Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá --- Stany Zjednoczone --- Stati Uniti --- Stati Uniti d'America --- Stâts Unîts --- Stâts Unîts di Americhe --- Steatyn Unnaneysit --- Steatyn Unnaneysit America --- SUA --- Sŭedineni amerikanski shtati --- Sŭedinenite shtati --- Tetã peteĩ reko Amérikagua --- U.S. --- U.S.A. --- United States of America --- Unol Daleithiau --- Unol Daleithiau America --- Unuiĝintaj Ŝtatoj de Ameriko --- US --- USA --- Usono --- Vaeinigte Staatn --- Vaeinigte Staatn vo Amerika --- Vereinigte Staaten --- Vereinigte Staaten von Amerika --- Verenigde State van Amerika --- Verenigde Staten --- VS --- VSA --- Wááshindoon Bikéyah Ałhidadiidzooígíí --- Wilāyāt al-Muttaḥidah --- Wilāyāt al-Muttaḥidah al-Amirīkīyah --- Wilāyāt al-Muttaḥidah al-Amrīkīyah --- Yhdysvallat --- Yunaeted Stet --- Yunaeted Stet blong Amerika --- ZDA --- Združene države Amerike --- Zʹi͡ednani Derz͡havy Ameryky --- Zjadnośone staty Ameriki --- Zluchanyi͡a Shtaty Ameryki --- Zlucheni Derz͡havy --- ZSA --- Character Education. --- Citizenship as a practice. --- Citizenship as a right. --- Citizenship as a status. --- Citizenship. --- Latinx communities. --- Latinx youth. --- Rights. --- Sociopolitical development. --- UN-CRC. --- agency. --- belonging. --- citizen education. --- citizen embodiment. --- citizenship. --- civil rights movements. --- critical consciousness. --- deportation. --- documentation. --- education. --- family separation. --- hidden curriculum. --- human rights. --- immigration. --- legality. --- mixed-status families. --- nurturance rights. --- participation. --- political engagement. --- political participation. --- protest. --- researcher reflexivity. --- rights. --- schooling. --- self-determination rights. --- selfdetermination rights. --- social identities. --- social rights. --- socioemotional awareness. --- sociopolitical citizenship. --- student discipline. --- student-citizens. --- undocumented. --- voting. --- youth development. --- youth participatory action research.