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The demands on innovative materials given by the ever-increasing requirements of contemporary industry require the use of high-performance engineering materials. The properties of materials and alloys are a result of their structures, which can primarily be affected by the preparation/production process. However, the production of materials featuring high levels of the required properties without the necessity to use costly alloying elements or time- and money-demanding heat treatment technologies typically used to enhance the mechanical properties of metallic materials (especially specific strength) still remains a challenge. The introduction of thermomechanical treatment represented a breakthrough in grain refinement, consequently leading to significant improvement of the mechanical properties of metallic materials. Contrary to conventional production technologies, the main advantage of such treatment is the possibility to precisely control structural phenomena that affect the final mechanical and utility properties. Thermomechanical treatment can only decrease the grain size to the scale of microns. However, further research devoted to pushing materials’ performance beyond the limits led to the introduction of severe plastic deformation (SPD) methods providing producers with the ability to acquire ultra-fine-grained and nanoscaled metallic materials with superior mechanical properties. SPD methods can be performed with the help of conventional forming equipment; however, many newly designed processes have also been introduced.

History of engineering & technology --- crack nucleation --- fatigue --- plastic deformation --- surface topography --- high-entropy alloy --- powder metallurgy --- microstructure --- spring steel --- heat treatment --- retained austenite --- Mössbauer spectroscopy --- neutron diffraction --- tungsten heavy alloy --- rotary swaging --- finite element analysis --- deformation behaviour --- residual stress --- austenitic steel 08Ch18N10T --- cyclic plasticity --- cyclic hardening --- experiments --- finite element method --- low-cycle fatigue --- tungsten --- dislocations --- microstrain --- twist channel angular pressing --- severe plastic deformation --- mechanical properties --- disintegrator --- microscopy --- wear --- high energy milling --- cement --- sintering --- quenching --- abrasive waterjet --- machining --- traverse speed --- material structure --- material properties --- cutting force --- deformation force --- clad composite --- effective strain --- heat-resistant steel --- cast steel --- microalloying --- strengthening mechanism --- abrasive water jet cutting --- surface roughness --- hardness --- tensile strength --- functional properties --- metallic systems --- mechanical processing --- structural phenomena --- crack nucleation --- fatigue --- plastic deformation --- surface topography --- high-entropy alloy --- powder metallurgy --- microstructure --- spring steel --- heat treatment --- retained austenite --- Mössbauer spectroscopy --- neutron diffraction --- tungsten heavy alloy --- rotary swaging --- finite element analysis --- deformation behaviour --- residual stress --- austenitic steel 08Ch18N10T --- cyclic plasticity --- cyclic hardening --- experiments --- finite element method --- low-cycle fatigue --- tungsten --- dislocations --- microstrain --- twist channel angular pressing --- severe plastic deformation --- mechanical properties --- disintegrator --- microscopy --- wear --- high energy milling --- cement --- sintering --- quenching --- abrasive waterjet --- machining --- traverse speed --- material structure --- material properties --- cutting force --- deformation force --- clad composite --- effective strain --- heat-resistant steel --- cast steel --- microalloying --- strengthening mechanism --- abrasive water jet cutting --- surface roughness --- hardness --- tensile strength --- functional properties --- metallic systems --- mechanical processing --- structural phenomena

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Nowadays, 25% of materials used are metals, and this ratio is not expected to decrease, as metals are indispensable for many applications due to their high resistance to temperature. The only handicap of metals is their relatively higher density with respect to composites. Lightening of metallic structures is possible in three ways: (i) employing low density metals, (ii) developing new ones, and (iii) increasing the yield strength of existing high-density metals. The Laboratory of Excellence of the Lorraine University in France, called ‘Design of Alloy Metals for Low-Mass Structures’, is working to lighten metal via metallurgical means. Two leading research laboratories compose this Laboratory of Excellence within the Lorraine University: the Laboratory of Microstructure Studies and Mechanics of Materials (LEM3), based in Metz, and the Jean Lamour Institute (IJL), located in Nancy. In this Special Issue, they report on some of their major progress in the different fields of metallurgy and mechanics of metallic materials. There are articles in the three major fields of metallurgy: physical, chemical, and mechanical metallurgy. All scales are covered, from atomistic studies to real-scale metallic structures.

History of engineering & technology --- Pd–10Au alloy --- shear compression --- texture --- grain boundary sliding --- TiAl alloys --- dislocation --- twinning --- nanoindentation --- ECCI --- disconnection density --- displacement discontinuity --- crack nucleation --- crack opening displacement --- digital image correlation --- Al-Cu-Li alloys --- titanium aluminides --- grain refinement --- solidification --- inoculation --- TWIP steel --- ECAP --- deformation twinning --- VPSC --- simulation --- industrial ingot --- steel --- dendritic grain size --- titanium --- strain hardening --- anisotropy --- strain heterogeneity --- acoustic emission --- statistical analysis --- collective dislocation dynamics --- Q&amp --- P --- transition carbide --- precipitation --- HEXRD --- TEM --- grain size --- crystal plasticity --- elasto-visco-plastic self-consistent (EVPSC) scheme --- hardening --- dislocation density --- ironmaking --- direct reduction --- iron ore --- DRI --- shaft furnace --- mathematical model --- CO2 emissions --- lattice structures --- porous materials --- 3D surface maps --- finite element --- fatigue --- plasticity --- steel ladle --- non-metallic inclusions --- aggregation --- lateral extrusion ratio --- Finite Element (FE) simulation --- analytical modelling --- plastic flow machining --- back pressure --- polycrystalline β-Ti --- elastic anisotropy --- elastic/plastic incompatibilities --- elasto-viscoplastic self-consistent scheme (EVPSC) --- slip activity --- microsegregation --- gas tungsten arc welding --- directional solidification --- FM52 filler metal --- ERNiCrFe-7 --- tip undercooling --- rolling --- asymmetric ratio --- thickness reduction per pass --- magnesium powders --- HPT consolidation --- microstructure --- hardness --- H-activation --- high entropy alloy --- crystallographic texture --- groove rolling --- elastic properties --- non-Schmid effects --- Taylor multiscale scheme --- localized necking --- bifurcation theory --- excess nitrogen --- clusters precipitation --- Fe–Si and Fe–Cr nitrided alloys --- APT and TEM characterization --- metal matrix composite --- in situ X-ray diffraction --- internal stresses --- phase transformation --- nickel-based single crystal superalloy --- lattice mismatch --- in situ experiments --- X-ray diffractometry --- creep --- dislocations --- diffraction --- fast Fourier transform (FFT)-based method --- discrete green operator --- voxelization artifacts --- sub-voxel method --- simulated diffraction peaks --- scattered intensity --- shape memory alloys --- architected cellular material --- numerical homogenization --- multiscale finite element method --- bainite --- martensite --- isothermal treatment --- mechanical properties --- austenite reconstruction --- variant --- magnesium --- self consistent methods --- modeling --- heterogeneous kinetics --- heat and mass transfer --- Pd–10Au alloy --- shear compression --- texture --- grain boundary sliding --- TiAl alloys --- dislocation --- twinning --- nanoindentation --- ECCI --- disconnection density --- displacement discontinuity --- crack nucleation --- crack opening displacement --- digital image correlation --- Al-Cu-Li alloys --- titanium aluminides --- grain refinement --- solidification --- inoculation --- TWIP steel --- ECAP --- deformation twinning --- VPSC --- simulation --- industrial ingot --- steel --- dendritic grain size --- titanium --- strain hardening --- anisotropy --- strain heterogeneity --- acoustic emission --- statistical analysis --- collective dislocation dynamics --- Q&amp --- P --- transition carbide --- precipitation --- HEXRD --- TEM --- grain size --- crystal plasticity --- elasto-visco-plastic self-consistent (EVPSC) scheme --- hardening --- dislocation density --- ironmaking --- direct reduction --- iron ore --- DRI --- shaft furnace --- mathematical model --- CO2 emissions --- lattice structures --- porous materials --- 3D surface maps --- finite element --- fatigue --- plasticity --- steel ladle --- non-metallic inclusions --- aggregation --- lateral extrusion ratio --- Finite Element (FE) simulation --- analytical modelling --- plastic flow machining --- back pressure --- polycrystalline β-Ti --- elastic anisotropy --- elastic/plastic incompatibilities --- elasto-viscoplastic self-consistent scheme (EVPSC) --- slip activity --- microsegregation --- gas tungsten arc welding --- directional solidification --- FM52 filler metal --- ERNiCrFe-7 --- tip undercooling --- rolling --- asymmetric ratio --- thickness reduction per pass --- magnesium powders --- HPT consolidation --- microstructure --- hardness --- H-activation --- high entropy alloy --- crystallographic texture --- groove rolling --- elastic properties --- non-Schmid effects --- Taylor multiscale scheme --- localized necking --- bifurcation theory --- excess nitrogen --- clusters precipitation --- Fe–Si and Fe–Cr nitrided alloys --- APT and TEM characterization --- metal matrix composite --- in situ X-ray diffraction --- internal stresses --- phase transformation --- nickel-based single crystal superalloy --- lattice mismatch --- in situ experiments --- X-ray diffractometry --- creep --- dislocations --- diffraction --- fast Fourier transform (FFT)-based method --- discrete green operator --- voxelization artifacts --- sub-voxel method --- simulated diffraction peaks --- scattered intensity --- shape memory alloys --- architected cellular material --- numerical homogenization --- multiscale finite element method --- bainite --- martensite --- isothermal treatment --- mechanical properties --- austenite reconstruction --- variant --- magnesium --- self consistent methods --- modeling --- heterogeneous kinetics --- heat and mass transfer

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Nowadays, 25% of materials used are metals, and this ratio is not expected to decrease, as metals are indispensable for many applications due to their high resistance to temperature. The only handicap of metals is their relatively higher density with respect to composites. Lightening of metallic structures is possible in three ways: (i) employing low density metals, (ii) developing new ones, and (iii) increasing the yield strength of existing high-density metals. The Laboratory of Excellence of the Lorraine University in France, called ‘Design of Alloy Metals for Low-Mass Structures’, is working to lighten metal via metallurgical means. Two leading research laboratories compose this Laboratory of Excellence within the Lorraine University: the Laboratory of Microstructure Studies and Mechanics of Materials (LEM3), based in Metz, and the Jean Lamour Institute (IJL), located in Nancy. In this Special Issue, they report on some of their major progress in the different fields of metallurgy and mechanics of metallic materials. There are articles in the three major fields of metallurgy: physical, chemical, and mechanical metallurgy. All scales are covered, from atomistic studies to real-scale metallic structures.

Pd–10Au alloy --- shear compression --- texture --- grain boundary sliding --- TiAl alloys --- dislocation --- twinning --- nanoindentation --- ECCI --- disconnection density --- displacement discontinuity --- crack nucleation --- crack opening displacement --- digital image correlation --- Al-Cu-Li alloys --- titanium aluminides --- grain refinement --- solidification --- inoculation --- TWIP steel --- ECAP --- deformation twinning --- VPSC --- simulation --- industrial ingot --- steel --- dendritic grain size --- titanium --- strain hardening --- anisotropy --- strain heterogeneity --- acoustic emission --- statistical analysis --- collective dislocation dynamics --- Q&amp --- P --- transition carbide --- precipitation --- HEXRD --- TEM --- grain size --- crystal plasticity --- elasto-visco-plastic self-consistent (EVPSC) scheme --- hardening --- dislocation density --- ironmaking --- direct reduction --- iron ore --- DRI --- shaft furnace --- mathematical model --- CO2 emissions --- lattice structures --- porous materials --- 3D surface maps --- finite element --- fatigue --- plasticity --- steel ladle --- non-metallic inclusions --- aggregation --- lateral extrusion ratio --- Finite Element (FE) simulation --- analytical modelling --- plastic flow machining --- back pressure --- polycrystalline β-Ti --- elastic anisotropy --- elastic/plastic incompatibilities --- elasto-viscoplastic self-consistent scheme (EVPSC) --- slip activity --- microsegregation --- gas tungsten arc welding --- directional solidification --- FM52 filler metal --- ERNiCrFe-7 --- tip undercooling --- rolling --- asymmetric ratio --- thickness reduction per pass --- magnesium powders --- HPT consolidation --- microstructure --- hardness --- H-activation --- high entropy alloy --- crystallographic texture --- groove rolling --- elastic properties --- non-Schmid effects --- Taylor multiscale scheme --- localized necking --- bifurcation theory --- excess nitrogen --- clusters precipitation --- Fe–Si and Fe–Cr nitrided alloys --- APT and TEM characterization --- metal matrix composite --- in situ X-ray diffraction --- internal stresses --- phase transformation --- nickel-based single crystal superalloy --- lattice mismatch --- in situ experiments --- X-ray diffractometry --- creep --- dislocations --- diffraction --- fast Fourier transform (FFT)-based method --- discrete green operator --- voxelization artifacts --- sub-voxel method --- simulated diffraction peaks --- scattered intensity --- shape memory alloys --- architected cellular material --- numerical homogenization --- multiscale finite element method --- bainite --- martensite --- isothermal treatment --- mechanical properties --- austenite reconstruction --- variant --- magnesium --- self consistent methods --- modeling --- heterogeneous kinetics --- heat and mass transfer