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Dissertation
La imagen corporativa y la Marca España: como las empresas españolas se autodefinen en su comunicación externa
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Year: 2012 Publisher: Gent : s.n.,

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Doelstelling: In deze studie werd nagegaan hoe 26 Spaanse bedrijven, die deel uitmaken van “el Foro de Marcas Renombradas Españolas (FMRE)”, zich identificeren in drie verschillende genres van externe communicatie: als een internationaal, multinationaal, globaal, dan wel lokaal en dus Spaans bedrijf. Er werd bovendien onderzocht of er verschillende perspectieven worden gecombineerd, en of er verschillen merkbaar zijn tussen de bedrijven uit het corpus en/of de sectoren waartoe die behoren. Daarnaast werd achterhaald wat de verschillen zijn tussen de drie tekstgenres, namelijk de korte bedrijfsomschrijving (“Wie zijn we?”), het mission statement en de brief van de CEO uit het meest recente jaarverslag (2011). Door middel van een korte steekproef onderzochten we ook of er in de Engelse versie een ander perspectief wordt weergegeven dan in de Spaanse. Tot slot werd kort nagegaan of Spaanse bedrijven al dan niet investeren in corporate social responsability (CSR). Middelen of methode: Om het beeld van Spanje vandaag te kunnen vatten, bestudeerden we het werk van Noya (2002) die de evolutie van het beeld van Spanje doorheen de geschiedenis weergeeft vanaf de kritieken op de Middeleeuwen met de Spaanse Inquisitie, die belichaamd werd door de “Leyenda Negra” (Noya 2002), tot de economische crisis die Spanje tot op vandaag nog steeds parten speelt (Chislett 2008 en 2011, Noya 2009 en 2011, Prado en Noya 2011). Daarna werd nagegaan welk positief effect de overwinningen van de Spaanse nationale ploeg reeds gehad hebben op “la Marca España” (Carlin 2012, Barba, Simón en Otiniano 2012). In het volgende hoofdstuk werd het “Foro de Marcas Renombradas (FMRE)” voorgesteld als de organisatie die oplossingen aanreikt en de Spaanse bedrijven stimuleert om het imago van Spanje te helpen promoten in het buitenland (Foro de Marcas Renombradas 2008b). Ten slotte werd in het laatste hoofdstuk nagegaan in welke mate de Spaanse bedrijven zich in hun externe communicatie identificeren als internationaal, globaal, multinationaal, dan wel lokaal en Spaans bedrijf. Er werd een corpus aangemaakt met alle bronnen van de 26 Spaanse bedrijven uit zeven verschillende sectoren: Financiën, Mode, Voeding, Technologie, Sport en Recreatie (meer bepaald de voetbalwereld), Toerisme en Luchtvaart. Door middel van een analyse van het beeld dat de bedrijven geven van zichzelf in hun korte bedrijfspresentatie, het mission statement en de brief van de CEO, zowel over hun positie in de wereld als over die in hun sector, werd per tekstgenre een profiel opgesteld van hun “corporate image”. Ten slotte, bestudeerden we kort of Spaanse bedrijven al dan niet tijd besteden aan “corporate responsability” (Fernández García 2009). Resultaten: Uit de resultaten blijkt dat de bedrijven in de meeste gevallen verschillende imago's combineren in hun externe communicatie. Vaak wordt hun Spaanse identiteit gekoppeld aan een ander imago, zoals “internationaal”, “globaal”, “Europees” of een andere variant. Bovendien kunnen we stellen dat de bedrijven zich meestal positioneren ten opzichte van Spanje, Europa, de wereld, Latijns-Amerika en de Verenigde Staten. Als we de verschillende sectoren vergelijken, zien we dat alle merken zich identificeren aan de hand van een combinatie van twee of meerdere imago's, met uitzondering van de bedrijven uit de toeristische sector en de modewereld. Wat de verschillen tussen de tekstgenres betreft, zien we dat de korte bedrijfspresentatie de enige tekstsoort is die de oprichting en de hoofdzetel van de bedrijven vermeldt. Verder merken we op dat het Spaanse imago het sterkst op de voorgrond treedt in de korte bedrijfspresentaties en in de brieven van de CEO. In dit laatste tekstgenre valt het ook op dat de bedrijven zich vooral identificeren als internationale of globale merken. Uit de vergelijkende studie van de bedrijfspresentaties blijkt bovendien dat de verschillen tussen de Spaanse en de Engelse versie te verwaarlozen zijn. Ten slotte mogen we stellen dat, op twee bedrijven na, alle Spaanse merken uit ons corpus investeren in corporate social responsability.


Dissertation
Is country of origin still a way to position internationally ?
Authors: --- --- ---
Year: 2020 Publisher: Liège Université de Liège (ULiège)

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The contribution of the current paper is aiming to provide deep insights concerning the country-of-origin effects of the consumer decision making concerning the Belgian wine in the local market and the international context. The goal is to investigate and examine the impact (if it exists) of the ‘made in Belgium’ label toward the Belgian wine brand image. This means looking for the quality of the product and determine how it plays an important role for the consumer. Moreover, to explore the Belgian wine industry, to discover the new challenges and opportunities in the local and worldwide markets. Besides, to understand how to improve the promotion of Belgian wine in the local market and particularly in the Walloon region.


Dissertation
Mémoire-projet
Authors: --- --- ---
Year: 2022 Publisher: Liège Université de Liège (ULiège)

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Le développement international représente aujourd’hui un des principaux leviers du plan de relance post-pandémie de la Belgique, au même moment que ses exportations signent un bond record de 26% (BNB, 2022). Ces aboutissements témoignent du rôle clé de l'expansion comme moteur de croissance. &#13;Parmi les marchés étrangers les plus attractifs pour le secteur agro-alimentaire figure notamment le Japon. Les produits belges y bénéficient en effet d’une importante notoriété, le Made in Belgium étant vecteur de qualité et de valeur aux yeux des consommateurs. &#13;Bien que ses perspectives soient alléchantes, ce marché reste complexe et ses acheteurs ne connaissent que peu les marques internationales, pourtant toujours plus nombreuses. Dans cet environnement très concurrentiel, doté d’une différence culturelle notable, tout l’enjeu est de déterminer comment une marque belge aux ressources limitées peut parvenir à se différencier. Le présent travail s’y attèle en abordant le point de vue spécifique du branding Country of Origin (COO). &#13;Il étudie d’abord dans quelle mesure celui-ci constitue un facteur favorisant, puis parvient grâce à la mise en perspective des résultats recueillis à illustrer la dynamique d’influence qui s’exerce sur les comportements d'achat via un modèle conceptuel.&#13;Ce travail met ainsi en évidence le rôle du branding COO comme levier stratégique sur lequel les entreprises belges doivent impérativement capitaliser afin d’exploiter le potentiel des activités existantes. Au-delà de l’aspect conceptuel, il aborde les façons d’intégrer cette force au travers d’une série de recommandations, notamment via une stratégie de co-branding dans le cadre d'une Joint-Venture.


Dissertation
The country-of-origin effect on consumer willingness to buy beers : the impact of "made in Belgium" on Vietnamese consumers
Authors: --- --- ---
Year: 2020 Publisher: Liège Université de Liège (ULiège)

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Nowadays, all over the world, whether in Asia or Latin America, consumers are faced with making choices between products from all countries. In order to understand consumer purchasing decisions, numerous studies have been conducted and have shown the influencing effect of country-of-origin. The chosen subject of this thesis was the impact of "Made in Belgium" on the Vietnamese consumer purchasing behaviour on beers. The main objectives were therefore to establish which variables and factors favour the willingness to buy a Belgian product with a “Made in Belgium” label and to understand the Vietnamese perception of Belgian beers.&#13;Our study was done in two parts. The first being the theoretical part, requiring the reading of many scientific articles and studies in order to understand the factors that influence the purchasing behaviours of consumers and especially the Vietnamese. The country-of-origin was studied in depth in order to ascertain the impact it had on purchasing intentions. The second part, the empirical part, was carried out in two stages. The first part was conducted by interviewing Vietnamese consumers and professionals in the beer sector in Vietnam. The second step was achieved by an online survey reaching a larger number of people, targeted as Vietnamese currently living in Vietnam and who consume beer.&#13;From these two parts, some interesting and significant results have been shown. The main result of this study is that "Made in Belgium" does have an impact on the consumption and perception of Belgian beers by Vietnamese consumers. Indeed, the Vietnamese consider Belgian beers as being of high quality and are fond of foreign beers in general. Moreover, Belgian beer has earned a positive and solid reputation in Vietnam with many consumers considering Belgium to be the best producer in the World.&#13;To conclude, the findings of this thesis may prove to be both thought-provoking and valuable for any Belgian company eager to integrate the Vietnamese market and, more particularly, beer companies. They can now benefit from some constructive insights regarding the perception of Belgium in Vietnam as well as the impact of Made in Belgium on the purchasing behaviour of the Vietnamese.


Book
Das Herkunftslandprinzip der E-Commerce-Richtlinie und seine Auswirkung auf die aktuelle Mediengesetzgebung in Deutschland
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Year: 2020 Publisher: Berlin Carl Grossmann Verlag

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Are Germany's current efforts to implement strict national legal requirements for social networks based in other EU member states compatible with the country of origin principle? Are there exceptions to which the federal and state legislators can rely on media, network and youth protection law? Or do the German regulations and proposed regulations violate European law? The first volume of the new series on Media Law & Media Theory examines the issues, taking into account the case law of the ECJ and the communications of the EU Commission. Sind die aktuellen Bestrebungen Deutschlands zur Umsetzung strenger nationalgesetzlicher Vorgaben für Soziale Netzwerke mit Sitz in anderen EU-Mitgliedstaaten mit dem Herkunftslandprinzip vereinbar? Gibt es Ausnahmen, auf die sich der Bundes- und die Landesgesetzgeber beim Medien-, Netzwerk- und Jugendschutzrecht berufen können? Oder verstoßen die deutschen Regelungen und Regelungsvorhaben gegen Europäisches Recht? Der 1. Band der neuen Schriftenreihe Medienrecht & Medientheorie untersucht die Fragestellungen unter Berücksichtigung der Rechtsprechung des EuGH und der Mitteilungen der EU-Kommission.


Book
Das Herkunftslandprinzip der E-Commerce-Richtlinie und seine Auswirkung auf die aktuelle Mediengesetzgebung in Deutschland
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Year: 2020 Publisher: Berlin Carl Grossmann Verlag

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Are Germany's current efforts to implement strict national legal requirements for social networks based in other EU member states compatible with the country of origin principle? Are there exceptions to which the federal and state legislators can rely on media, network and youth protection law? Or do the German regulations and proposed regulations violate European law? The first volume of the new series on Media Law & Media Theory examines the issues, taking into account the case law of the ECJ and the communications of the EU Commission. Sind die aktuellen Bestrebungen Deutschlands zur Umsetzung strenger nationalgesetzlicher Vorgaben für Soziale Netzwerke mit Sitz in anderen EU-Mitgliedstaaten mit dem Herkunftslandprinzip vereinbar? Gibt es Ausnahmen, auf die sich der Bundes- und die Landesgesetzgeber beim Medien-, Netzwerk- und Jugendschutzrecht berufen können? Oder verstoßen die deutschen Regelungen und Regelungsvorhaben gegen Europäisches Recht? Der 1. Band der neuen Schriftenreihe Medienrecht & Medientheorie untersucht die Fragestellungen unter Berücksichtigung der Rechtsprechung des EuGH und der Mitteilungen der EU-Kommission.


Book
Das Herkunftslandprinzip der E-Commerce-Richtlinie und seine Auswirkung auf die aktuelle Mediengesetzgebung in Deutschland
Author:
Year: 2020 Publisher: Berlin Carl Grossmann Verlag

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Are Germany's current efforts to implement strict national legal requirements for social networks based in other EU member states compatible with the country of origin principle? Are there exceptions to which the federal and state legislators can rely on media, network and youth protection law? Or do the German regulations and proposed regulations violate European law? The first volume of the new series on Media Law & Media Theory examines the issues, taking into account the case law of the ECJ and the communications of the EU Commission. Sind die aktuellen Bestrebungen Deutschlands zur Umsetzung strenger nationalgesetzlicher Vorgaben für Soziale Netzwerke mit Sitz in anderen EU-Mitgliedstaaten mit dem Herkunftslandprinzip vereinbar? Gibt es Ausnahmen, auf die sich der Bundes- und die Landesgesetzgeber beim Medien-, Netzwerk- und Jugendschutzrecht berufen können? Oder verstoßen die deutschen Regelungen und Regelungsvorhaben gegen Europäisches Recht? Der 1. Band der neuen Schriftenreihe Medienrecht & Medientheorie untersucht die Fragestellungen unter Berücksichtigung der Rechtsprechung des EuGH und der Mitteilungen der EU-Kommission.


Dissertation
L'effet du pays d'origine dans le secteur aérien : le cas des compagnies aériennes belges
Authors: --- --- ---
Year: 2020 Publisher: Liège Université de Liège (ULiège)

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Ce travail de fin d’étude se concentre sur l’analyse de l’effet du pays d’origine dans le secteur aérien. Tout d’abord, ce concept sera étudié en profondeur de manière théorique afin d’apprivoiser le sujet en question. Il sera étudié premièrement de manière générale. Ensuite, une attention particulière sera donnée à ce concept dans le secteur de la distribution de services. Pour terminer, il sera étudié dans cadre précis qui nous occupe, à savoir : le secteur aérien. &#13;La seconde partie sera une partie plus pratique. Celle-ci sera divisée en deux étapes. Tout d’abord, ce travail présentera l’élaboration ainsi que les résultats d’une étude qualitative. Cette étude réalisée à l’aéroport de Bruxelles aura pour but non seulement d’approfondir nos connaissances sur le sujet mais permettra également de poser nos hypothèses de travail. A la suite de cette étude qualitative, une étude quantitative sera mise en place afin de confirmer ou infirmer les hypothèses préalablement posées. Pour cette méthode, nous aurons recours à un questionnaire en ligne distribué à une population belge et étrangère. Nous utiliserons le programme SPSS afin de réaliser les tests statistiques nécessaires à l’analyse de ce questionnaire.&#13;Les conclusions de ce travail seront alors fournies tout en répondant aux questions de recherche que nous nous serons posées. Nous veillerons également à fournir des conseils et recommandations avisés afin que ces constatations montrent toute leur utilité. Pour terminer, nous dédierons une section aux limitations rencontrées lors de ce travail ainsi qu’aux recherches futures qui, après nos recherches, nous semblent opportunes. This end-of-study work focuses on the analysis of the country of origin effect in the airline industry. First of all, this concept will be studied in depth in a theoretical way in order to master the subject in question. It will first be studied in a general way. Then, particular attention will be given to this concept in the service distribution sector. Finally, it will be studied in the specific context we are dealing with, namely the air transport sector. &#13;&#13;The second part will be a more practical one. This will be divided into two stages. Firstly, this work will present the development and results of a qualitative study. This study, carried out at Brussels airport, will not only deepen our knowledge of the subject but will also allow us to formulate our working hypotheses. Following this qualitative study, a quantitative one will be carried out in order to confirm or invalidate the hypotheses previously put forward. For this method, we will use an online questionnaire distributed to a Belgian and foreign population. We will use the SPSS programme to carry out the statistical tests necessary for the analysis of this questionnaire.&#13;&#13;The conclusions of this work will then be provided while answering the research questions that we will have asked ourselves. We will also ensure that we provide sound advice and recommendations to ensure that these findings are useful. Finally, we will dedicate a section to the limitations encountered during this work as well as to future research that, after our research, seems appropriate. &#13;&#13;Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version)


Book
Brain Waste? : Educated Immigrants in the U.S. Labor Market
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Year: 2005 Publisher: Washington, D.C., The World Bank,

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The authors investigate the occupational placement of immigrants in the U.S. labor market using census data. They find striking differences among highly educated immigrants from different countries, even after they control for individuals' age, experience, and level of education. With some exceptions, educated immigrants from Latin American and Eastern European countries are more likely to end up in unskilled jobs than immigrants from Asia and industrial countries. A large part of the variation can be explained by attributes of the country of origin that influence the quality of human capital, such as expenditure on tertiary education and the use of English as a medium of instruction. Performance is adversely affected by military conflict at home which may weaken institutions that create human capital and lower the threshold quality of immigrants. The selection effects of U.S. immigration policy also play an important role in explaining cross-country variation. The observed under-placement of educated migrants might be alleviated if home and host countries cooperate by sharing information on labor market conditions and work toward the recognition of qualifications.


Book
The Demographic Benefit of International Migration : Hypothesis And Application To The Middle Eastern And North African Contexts
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Year: 2006 Publisher: Washington, D.C., The World Bank,

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The view that international migration has no impact on the size of world population is a sensible one. But the author argues, migration from developing to more industrial countries during the past decades may have resulted in a smaller world population than the one which would have been attained had no international migration taken place for two reasons: most of recent migration has been from high to low birth-rate countries, and migrants typically adopt and send back to their home countries models and ideas that prevail in host countries. Thus, migrants are potential agents of the diffusion of demographic modernity, that is, the reduction of birth rates among nonmigrant communities left behind in origin countries. This hypothesis is tested with data from Morocco and Turkey where most emigrants are bound for the West, and Egypt where they are bound for the Gulf. The demographic differentials encountered through migration in these three countries offer contrasted situations-host countries are either more (the West) or less (the Gulf) advanced in their demographic transition than the home country. Assuming migration changes the course of demographic transition in origin countries, the author posits that it should work in two opposite directions-speeding it up in Morocco and Turkey and slowing it down in Egypt. Empirical evidence confirms this hypothesis. Time series of birth rates and migrant remittances (reflecting the intensity of the relationship kept by emigrants with their home country) are strongly correlated with each other. Correlation is negative for Morocco and Turkey, and positive for Egypt. This suggests that Moroccan and Turkish emigration to Europe has been accompanied by a fundamental change of attitudes regarding marriage and birth, while Egyptian migration to the Gulf has not brought home innovative attitudes in this domain, but rather material resources for the achievement of traditional family goals. Other data suggest that emigration has fostered education in Morocco and Turkey but not in Egypt. And as has been found in the literature, education is the single most important determinant of demographic transition among nonmigrant populations in migrants' regions of origin. Two broader conclusions are drawn. First, the acceleration of the demographic transition in Morocco and Turkey is correlated with migration to Europe, a region where low birth-rates is the dominant pattern. This suggests that international migration may have produced a global demographic benefit under the form of a relaxation of demographic pressures for the world as a whole. Second, if it turns out that emigrants are conveyors of new ideas in matters related with family and education, then the same may apply to a wider range of civil behavior.

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