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Counterfactuals (Logic) --- Contrefactuels (Logique)

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Was wäre, wenn der Erste Weltkrieg nicht stattgefunden hätte? Welche Zukunft wäre dann vielleicht unsere Vergangenheit geworden? Betrachtet man geschichtliche Wendepunkte und fragt, wie die Dinge hätten anders verlaufen können, so öffnen sich mit den Parallelwelten der Vergangenheit zugleich mögliche Zukünfte. Der vorliegende Band widmet sich wissenschaftlichen, literarischen und künstlerischen Alternativszenarien unserer Gegenwart sowie vergangenen Zukunftsprojektionen um das Jahr 1914 und fragt nach deren Bedeutung für die Auseinandersetzung mit dominanten Geschichtsbildern. Hierzu wird der Begriff des Kontrafaktischen von geschichtswissenschaftlichen und literarischen Texten ausgehend auf Medien wie Film, Fotografie und Computerspiele ausgeweitet, die auf jeweils spezifische Weise die Fragen nach historischer Kontingenz und Determination neu stellen. Die Publikation ist Teil des Forschungsprojekts »Was Wäre Wenn?«, initiiert vom Goethe-Institut in Prag mit Unterstützung des Auswärtigen Amts in Berlin.

Alternative histories (Fiction) --- Counterfactuals (Logic)

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Moritz Schulz explores counterfactual thought and language: what would have happened if things had gone a different way. Counterfactual questions may concern large scale derivations (what would have happened if Nixon had launched a nuclear attack) or small scale evaluations of minor derivations (what would have happened if I had decided to join a different profession). A common impression, which receives a thorough defence in the book, is that oftentimes we find it impossible to know what would have happened. However, this does not mean that we are completely at a loss: we are typically capable of evaluating counterfactual questions probabilistically: we can say what would have been likely or unlikely to happen. Schulz describes these probabilistic ways of evaluating counterfactual questions and turns the data into a novel account of the workings of counterfactual thought.

Philosophy of language --- Mathematical linguistics --- Probability theory --- Counterfactuals (Logic) --- Probabilities

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"Explaining how various theories about the nature of mind can accommodate mental causation requires some groundwork. It requires formulating these theories about the nature of mind more precisely. It also requires getting clearer about the nature of causation, which in turn has two aspects: the nature of the relata of causation and the nature of the relation itself. These are the tasks of this chapter"-- Provided by publisher.

Causation. --- Causation --- Counterfactuals (Logic) --- Philosophy of mind. --- Psychological aspects.

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"Explaining how various theories about the nature of mind can accommodate mental causation requires some groundwork. It requires formulating these theories about the nature of mind more precisely. It also requires getting clearer about the nature of causation, which in turn has two aspects: the nature of the relata of causation and the nature of the relation itself. These are the tasks of this chapter"-- Provided by publisher.

Causation. --- Causation --- Counterfactuals (Logic) --- Philosophy of mind. --- Psychological aspects.